The title of this thesis is: Connection: A Hermeneutical Inquiry of an Autobiographical Text. It is based on the following thesis question: What is the significance of connecting with another in teaching? The following quote set the stage for the writing: "All places have names and stories, and wisdom sits in (those) places" (Chambers, 2003,p.233). Hermeneutics -- the art of interpretation -- is used to inform an autobiographical fragment. This autobiographical fragment is a fictional rendering of two days of teaching told in a narrative format. the thesis is designed around Gadamer's text Truth and Method. Gadamer's work is supplemented with the work of Martin Heidegger, F.D.E. Schleiermacher, Georg Hegel, as well as modern curriculum scholars such as Cynthia Chambers, David Smith, David Jardine and Max Van Manen. The writing begins with a methodology which grounds the writing, and then is developed through three voices in the form of a literature review, a narrative fragment, and text interpretation. The literature review is guided by questions such as Why use autobiographical narrative? What is the site of the inquiry? and Is narrative still relevant in a postmodern world? Time is also spent on the questions: Who were the great hermeneutical thinkers? and Who speaks for hermeneutics now? After the literature review, a narrative fragment is given. In the last third of the thesis, the narrative is deconstructed using Truth and Method and curriculum scholarship articles to structure the reflections. The "voice" shifts between the three sections. In the first third of the thesis the voice is intended to be academic. The voice in the narrative is personal. The third voice is interpretive and plays back and forth between academic reference and personal reflection. The major themes evolved as the writing progressed. The theme of authoritarianism as antithetical to connection was explored. Alienation acted as a foil to connection. There is an analysis of connection in the context of proper conversation, which includes guidelines for mutual respect and codes of moral conduct. The thesis provides a commentary on the power of hermeneutics to inform the teaching process. It then concludes with a series of questions pertaining to the significance of hermeneutical exploration in teacher preparation and classroom teaching. / viii, 127 leaves ; 29 cm.

This thesis is a critical examination of postmodernist pedagogy currently used in the education of visual artists. It is particularly concerned with the teaching of the traditional disciplines of painting and drawing within a postmodern context. My hypothesis is that the teaching of visual arts within a postmodern orientation more or less relies on an anti-aesthetic stance that is content-centered, with an insistence on critically and politically aware art. The overall objective of this thesis is twofold: First, to generate some questions and ideas that could be of assistance to post-secondary art instructors. Second, to establish a framework for an extended qualitative research that will address the impact of postmodernism on education of artists. The title "beyond the anti-aesthetic" does not necessarily present itself as a negation of the postmodernist paradigm. It identifies a need to revitalize visual art instruction within the postmodern model, to re-address the interplay between form and content in visual art and enhance critical thinking.

In the pluralistic community of architectural education, the pedagogical paradigm has traditionally viewed the design laboratory as the integrating environment, where the student transforms the discrete parameters of architecture into an architectural form. With curriculum structure defining the parameters to which a student is exposed, the tendency is to direct the student through an additive and linear progression. The problem exists to develop a conceptual model that unifies the discrete fragments into a connected educational experience, insuring within the design laboratory the necessary balance between intellectual, professional and self-actualization concerns. The ultimate goal of the conceptual model, is to capture the essence of communication, that is the transfer of meaning, in the unique condition of the architectural design laboratory. The proposed method of inquiry for developing the model is of an interdisciplinary, comparative analytic process, to assess the full scope of factors pertinent to the design lab at any one moment in time. / Department of Architecture

Orientador: Rodrigo Pelloso Gelamo / Banca: Pedro Ângelo Pagni / Banca: Alexandre Filordi de Carvalho / Resumo: A pesquisa apresentada nesta dissertação teve o objetivo de compreender a constituição discursiva do ensino da Filosofia no Brasil. Por meio do mapeamento e análise das descontinuidades e regularidades discursivas que antecederam a fundação da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras da Universidade de São Paulo, buscamos evidenciar quais foram as condições que permitiram a emergência de uma ordem discursiva do ensino da Filosofia e como tal discurso produziu a imagem do filósofo da elite ilustrado na Universidade de São Paulo em 1936. Diante disso, averiguamos a constituição dos modos de subjetivação e objetivação existentes entre o final do século XIX até o começo do século XX através do procedimento metodológico arqueogenealógico. Para alcançar tais finalidades explicitamos as principais noções desenvolvidas por Michel Foucault no percurso arqueológico e genealógico a fim de entender a ordem discursiva que sustentava a enunciação Universidade de São Paulo. Observamos que tal ordem forneceu as condições de existência para o ensino do filósofo da elite ilustrado, que disciplinado pelo método da história da filosofia teria a possibilidade de filosofar em suas meditações ou pela crítica da atualidade, objetivando encontrar os princípios gerais que regem a multiplicidade das coisas. Nesta mesma ordem, entendemos que o professor de filosofia assumiria dois papeis, o primeiro mais ilustre, pois fora caracterizado como a própria Filosofia, na medida em que praticava a crítica do presente através da história da Filosofia. Mas, também considerado um professor-comentador, na medida em que argumentava para seus alunos sobre os principais conceitos e característica históricas dos autores clássicos. Os resultados alcançados indicaram que o desejo de formar filósofos da elite ilustrados inspirados ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The presented research in this paper aims to understand the discursive constitution of teaching philosophy in Brazil. By mapping and analysis of discontinuities and discursive regularities that preceded the founding of the Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of the University of São Paulo, it tries to show what were the conditions that allowed the emergence of a discursive order of teaching philosophy and how such speech produced the image of the illustrated elite philosopher at the University of São Paulo in 1936. Therefore, we investigated the constitution of the subjectivity ways existing between the late nineteenth century to the early twentieth century through the archeology-genealogical methodological procedure. To reach these goals we underline the main concepts developed by Michel Foucault in the archeological and genealogical journey to understand the discursive order that sustained enunciation University of Sao Paulo. We observe that such order provided the existence conditions for the illustrated elite philosopher teaching that governed by the history of philosophy method would be able to philosophize in his meditations or by critics today, aiming to find the general principles governing the multiplicity of things. In this same order, we understand that the professor of philosophy would assume two roles, the first most distinguished, for it was characterized as Philosophy itself, as practiced criticism of the present through the history of philosophy .But, also considered a teacher - commentator, to the extent that argued for their students on the key concepts and historical characteristic of classical authors .The results obtained indicated that the desire to form elite illustrated philosophers inspired by the doctrine of wisdom that would be the reason lawmakers did not occur, but it served the interests of the ruling classes in the silencing and exclusion, preventing the emergence of other forms of philosophical life. / Mestre

This dissertation works and is worked by the chiasmus in-between the language of space and the space of language. Fragmented narratives of live(d) experience from the everyday life of pedagogy are juxtaposed with theoretical traces from Lacanian psychoanalysis and Derridean deconstruction. The text(ure) of the work labours with and against the grain of hegemonic inscriptions in multiple sites of pedagogy - tarrying within uncertainty - on the tremulous grounds of a 'third' discourse. Located always already within the materiality of language, the work labours within spaces of provocative dissonance in-between theoretical positionings. Readings of spatiality from architecture and human geography intersect and disseminate with readings of language from post/colonial ethnography and cultural studies. Rereadings resonate within the vibrancy of a growing literature on writing otherwise within the spaces of interdisciplinarity. Reading outside the literature of pedagogy infuses the inside writing as boundaries are disturbed and subjectivities destabilized. Research is rewritten as messy text as/in a rigour of ruins in the gaps and intervals of the spaces in-between. As semiotic tropes of language shift toward performativity, the text ex-scribes in order to disrupt the circumscriptions of normative praxis. The text seeks invocations for risking radical responsibilities in the everyday experience of living pedagogy - in the tensionaliry of the always already and the not-yet there. The work of this dissertation labours beneath and beyond the text in semiotic dispositions - through an Aokian re-reading of Lacanian metonymy for pedagogy - a doubling movement of metonymy/metaphor in tropic moments - within a 'third' discourse generating openings for transformation. Excentric circumscriptions dis/appear into the space of no-thingness - a site of ambiguity that is both thing and nothing and yet neither thing nor nothing - an ongoing response to an invitation to write a paper/not paper. A writing that tarries within its inscription - ghosted by a reading relationship with itself. A writing that seeks a jouissance of vacancy in tracking the spectrality of paper ghosts. The possibilities for transformation happen in chiasmatic passages from trope to performativity through re-readings and mis-readings. From a working text emerge articulations of a radical rhetoricity evoking ongoing labour from the para-sitic spatial punctuations of AuthorTextReader. / Education, Faculty of / Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of / Graduate

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The study investigated how the child centred approach is applied in teaching Natural Science (NS) in Johannesburg East schools. Most attention was paid on which teaching methods were used and how they were used to teach NS. Data was collected from 5 randomly selected schools in Johannesburg East through observations of Natural Science teachers teaching, and focus group discussion with them. Data presentation and analysis revealed that NS teachers who participated in the study used a limited range of child centred teaching methods. They only used experiments, class activities, as well as question and answer method. Literature review revealed that there are numerous child centred teaching methods that NS teachers can use. Some of these methods are brainstorming, discussions, games, group/pair work, field trips, case studies and assignments, using Information and Communication Technology (ICT), debates and facilitation. The majority of teachers still used the out-dated lecture method contrary to the Curriculum Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS) 2012 documents that call for an end in the use of traditional teaching methods such as the lecture method. The study also revealed that there are certain challenges and factors that inhibit the implementation of the child centred approach in NS. These challenges among others include the teacher centred curriculum which dictates the pace and content to the child, lack of adequate NS resources, big volumes of learners in classes, different abilities, talents, interests and skills possessed by learners, learners’ lack of discipline, as well as shortage of qualified NS teachers. All these were seen as inhibiting factors in the implementation of the child centred approach in NS. The study among other recommendations recommended that, in order for the child centred approach to be implemented successfully the Ministry of Basic Education should develop a child centred curriculum that does not dictate the pace to the child. The Ministry as well should come up with a specific or customised child centred approach model that is relevant to NS as a subject, in-service all NS teachers and empower them with the child centred teaching methods, principles and strategies, capacitate all schools with all necessary resources such as qualified NS teachers as well as relevant chemicals, materials, apparatus and information and communication technology infrastructure designated for NS. / Science and Technology Education / M. Ed. (Natural Science Education)

[pt] A tese explora uma conceituação do ensino de filosofia no nível básico a partir da noção, vulgarmente a ele associada, de crítica, tomando a filosofia de Adorno como solo a partir do qual se avaliam seus sentidos mais urgentes. Reflete-se sobre os alcances e limites de concepções do ensino de filosofia de tipo introdutório em um cenário irremediavelmente plural. Neste horizonte, vislumbra-se a pergunta pelos sentidos que ainda podemos identificar, em um país como o nosso, no ideal de formação (Bildung), e o papel que se atribui ao ensino de filosofia em meio a esse debate. Articulada a esse desafio, surge a necessidade de investigar as tensões, aproximações e distâncias entre uma abordagem filosófica e uma abordagem pedagógica das questões relativas ao ensino de filosofia, uma vez que à filosofia seja negado o estatuto de discurso totalizante e unificador sobre a formação do homem, e às chamadas ciências da educação seja creditada a capacidade de esclarecer aspectos importantes dos sentidos das práticas educacionais, graças a sua maior aproximação aos problemas empíricos. O rendimento destas questões, enquanto parte de uma reflexão acerca da relação entre conhecimento e sociedade, é investigado com o auxílio das idéias de Theodor W. Adorno, filósofo que se esforçou por pensar tal relação através das mediações sociais da filosofia, de sua história e de sua potência formativa. Em Adorno, destaca- se, ainda, a investigação metodológica própria de uma reflexão filosófica que é, também, em alguma medida, teoria social; investigação adequada às questões teórico- metodológicas de uma pesquisa tensionada entre a reflexão filosófica e as ciências da educação. Como etapa adicional dessa perspectiva de trabalho, a tese explora as virtudes de um discurso pedagógico que se apresenta, ainda que parcialmente, inspirado na Teoria Crítica: a pedagogia radical de Henry Giroux. Por fim, como campo simultaneamente originário, esclarecedor e problematizador da tese, encontra-se a incursão na prática docente de professores de filosofia do ensino médio. O resultado fundamental desta pesquisa é a indicação do rendimento, dos alcances e limites da caracterização que Adorno oferece do discurso filosófico na atualidade para a reflexão sobre a natureza crítica vulgarmente atribuída ao ensino de filosofia na educação básica. A tese identifica em conceitos como dialética, totalidade, negação e mediação, aberturas significativas para situar os problemas de um ensino de filosofia que se pretende crítico, isto é, um ensino de filosofia capaz de tematizar os obstáculos que se apresentam, para professores e estudantes, no confronto com a questão da razão como promessa de uma vida mais feliz e uma sociedade mais justa. / [en] This work develops an analysis of teaching philosophy at school, commonly associated to the idea of critic. It takes Adornos philosophy as the ground for an analysis of this idea in its most pressing senses. It deals with the scope and limits of several conceptions of teaching philosophy in a scene that is resolutely plural. The work asks for the meaning we could still find in the concept of Bildung in our country, and the role we would be willing to assign to teaching philosophy within this debate. The issue brings up questions concerning the tensions, similarities and differences bewteen the philosophical and the pedagogical discourse about teaching philosophy. While comparing these two discourses, I have tried both to dismiss any attempt to take philosophy as a global and unifying discourse about human education and to rely on the so called educational sciences for its ability to enlighten important aspects of educational practices due to its closeness to empirical problems. As part of a larger analysis on the relationship between knowledge and society, these issues are considered under the light of some ideas of Theodor W. Adorno, a philosopher who considered that relationship making use of philosophy`s social mediation, as well as its history and educational power. I believe Adorno also offers the proper methodological investigation of a philosophical analysis which somehow functions as a social theory, as much as a proper investigation of theoretical and methodological questions for a research lying between philosophical reflection and educational science. As an additional path, the thesis explores the virtues of a pedagogical discourse which is at least partially inspired by Critical Theory: Henry Giroux`s radical pedagogy. Finally, there is an empirical incursion on the practice of teachers of philosophy on the field, at secondary level. The main result of this research is to point out the power, the scope and limits of Adorno`s characterization of philosophical discourse for a contemporary analysis of the capacity to criticize usually attributed to teaching philosophy at school. This thesis recognizes concepts as dialectics, totality, negation, and mediation as tools of width and significance to deal with problems of a conception of teaching philosophy that see itself as critical, which means teaching philosophy in a way that is able to conceptualize the obstacles that constrain teachers and students when facing the challenge of reason as a promise of a happier life and a better society.

Qual o papel a ser desempenhado pela Filosofia no Ensino Médio? Partindo desta questão, tendo como base a Teoria Crítica da Escola de Frankfurt, este trabalho defende a tese de que a principal contribuição da filosofia para a educação reside em seu caráter eminentemente político. O seu ensino deve contribuir para a formação política dos estudantes, proporcionando um esclarecimento sobre as forças que pretendem guiá-los de forma heterônoma, para que eles possam construir a sua própria autonomia, tornando-se plenamente cidadãos, responsáveis por si e por toda a sociedade. O esclarecimento é entendido, à maneira de Kant, como a saída do homem de sua auto-inculpável menoridade. Para que a educação proporcione uma formação para a maioridade, o professor de Filosofia precisa articular-se com os demais educadores para a construção de uma educação crítica que reconheça a sua essência política. As principais forças da heteronomia, nas sociedades modernas, são representadas pela indústria cultural e pela racionalidade instrumental, que determinam de forma direta e indireta todo o processo educativo tradicional. Por isso, a disciplina de Filosofia precisa refletir, filosofando com os estudantes, sobre o caráter reacionário que a cultura pode assumir, quando fabricada pela indústria cultural. Ela precisa ser uma filosofia para a contradição e para a resistência às forças da heteronomia, para proporcionar aos estudantes as possibilidades concretas de emancipação, não apenas individual, mas de toda a humanidade. / What´s the High School Philosophy role? From this question, based on Frankfurt School Critical Theory, this work suppports the thesis that the main Philosophy contribution to education is in its eminently political character. Its teaching must contribute to the students political development providing elucidation about the strengths which intend to guide them by heteronomy way, so that they are able to build their own autonomy becoming citizens responsible for themselves and all society. The elucidation is understood through Kant´s ideas like man´s leaving from his self-culpable minority. In order to the education provides a development to the majority, the Philosophy Professor has to articulate with the other educators in a critical education building which recognizes its political essence. The main heteronomy strengths, in modern societies, are represented by culture industry and instrumental rationality which determine the direct and indirect ways of all traditional education process. Therefore, the Philosophy subject needs to be thought to philosophize with the students about the reactionary character that the culture may take over when manufactured by cultural industry. It needs to be a philosophy for the contradiction and for the resistance to the heteronomy strengths, to provide the possibilities of concrete emancipation to the students, not only individual but all humanity.