2 TITLE: The Use of French Comic Book in the French language learning SUMMARY: The thesis aims to gather the information from various sources- the historic, specialized sources-books, from the Internet or from personal consultations as well. The topic has been chosen because the French comic books and magazines have been an inseparable part of the French culture, especially among French teenagers. It has been appreciated for its social and aesthetic values. However, the thesis mainly aims to demonstrate the French comics and its important role in the process of the second language learning/teaching. According to a brief survey concerning the Czech students and their knowledge and attitude towards the comics, we have prepared several teaching lists regarding the language level as well as the age of students. KEYWORDS: French comic book, language learning, teaching material

This study evaluated the effects of input enhancement techniques and metalinguistic/collaborative awareness on the acquisition of the plural -s morpheme. Additionally, the durability of these interventions on the target linguistic feature was examined. The two treatment groups and the comparison group consisted of 101 grade 5 students enrolled in a French-language school board in the Montreal area. A pretest-posttest design was used to assess participants before and after the treatments. A series of 8 oral and written treatment activities focusing on plural -s were specifically created for the study, which lasted 4 weeks. The findings demonstrate that both groups showed durable, definite intervention effects for written production. The metalinguistic/collaborative group significantly outperformed the input enhancement group in oral production, indicating that input enhancement in conjunction with metalinguistic awareness is effective. Nonetheless, the learning effect for oral production was found to be robust for both groups, 5 months after the end of the treatment period, as well as for a small subsample selected from each group 10 months later.

This research is a replication and expansion of Lightbown and Spada (2000) which investigated the metalinguistic awareness of 11--12 year-old francophone learners of English as second language (ESL). Their research examined whether young L2 learners were able to make explicit L1 rules influencing their L2 performance. The present research builds on Lightbown and Spada (2000) by comparing their findings to those of older and more proficient francophone ESL learners (12--16 years old) in secondary school. As observed with the younger learners in Lightbown and Spada (2000), the interlanguage of the older learners revealed a clear influence of transfer of French even though they were more accurate in their overall performance. The results also indicated that the older learners were capable of considerable metalinguistic awareness regarding the target features (question formation and adverb placement). This contrasts sharply with Lightbown and Spada's (2000) in which there was no evidence of metalinguistic awareness on the part of the younger learners.

This work deals with the possibilities of building and exploitation of a corpus of Czech Learners' French. The first part presents the learner corpora in the context of corpus linguistics on the basis of literature and scientific articles relevant to this subject with a special attention for corpora of French L2. Furthermore, the work focusses on the methodological principles of building a learner corpus (e.g. the specific metadata about the respondents and the material) and the error taxonomy. Next section of the work is devoted to analysis of a sample of learner's written productions with a critical description of the error taxonomy.

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L’intégration des multimédias (aspects pédagogiques, méthodologiques et technologiques) dans la didactique du FLE comme facteur de motivation chez les apprenants plurilingues de FLE au Nigeria. Dans notre recherche, nous nous proposons d’étudier l’usage du multimédia comme facteur de motivation chez des apprenants plurilingues et dans l’enseignement du Français Langue Etrangère (FLE) au Nigeria, un pays en voie de développement.L'un des défis auxquels est confronté l’enseignement des langues étrangères au Nigeria est la situation linguistique générale des apprenants. Avec plus de 400 langues, Le Nigeria est connu pour son "extrême diversité linguistique" (Elugbe 1994:62). Dans l'enseignement et l'apprentissage du français, les enseignants et les étudiants sont confrontés à cette réalité multilingue mais aussi à d'autres facteurs négatifs tels que le nombre d’élèves par classe, leur hétérogénéité et souvent leur manque de motivation. Nous constatons que certaines technologies ont déjà été mises en place dans presque toutes les universités nigérianes. Dans tous les ministères, les gouvernements obligent les fonctionnaires à acquérir une connaissance de base en informatique. Dans toutes les villes, il existe des cybercafés et maintenant on peut même surfer chez soi.L’enseignement hybride est un dispositif qui associe l’apprentissage traditionnel en classe avec un apprentissage médiatisé par ordinateur (Graham, 2006:5). L’apprentissage d’une langue est une pratique sociale et culturelle totale, d'autant plus quand il intègre de nouvelles technologies qui favorisent une grande variété d'interactions sociales (Kern & Warschauer, 2000). Si une approche communicative est souhaitable alors il convient de s’intéresser aux possibilités qu’offre l’apprentissage hybride pour améliorer l'enseignement et l'apprentissage des langues au Nigeria.Pour la méthodologie de recherche et la collecte de données, nous avons utilisé un questionnaire qui a été envoyé aux enseignants et aux étudiants du FLE au Nigéria pour déterminer les différentes approches et méthodes dans l’enseignement et l'apprentissage du français langue étrangère au Nigeria.En conclusion, cette recherche présente les résultats d'une étude sur les motivations des enseignants et des apprenants nigérians pour l’apprentissage du français, avec ou sans recours à des dispositifs hybrides. Cependant, nous ne pouvons pas prétendre que les résultats que nous avons obtenus seront valables pour l'ensemble du pays (Nigéria). Mais il reste cependant important de noter que ces résultats faciliteront l'application de l'apprentissage hybride (blended learning) dans le système général d'enseignement et d'apprentissage du français langue étrangère dans le pays. / The integration of multimedia (pedagogical, methodological and technological aspects) in the teaching of French language as a motivating factor for multilingual learners of French in Nigeria. In our research, we propose to study the use of multimedia as a motivating factor for multilingual learners and in the teaching of the French as a foreign language (FLE) in Nigeria, a developing country.One of the challenges of foreign language teaching and learning in Nigeria is the general language situation of learners. Nigeria is home to over 400 languages and it is known for its “extreme linguistic diversity” (Elugbe 1994:62). In teaching and learning French, both teachers and students are confronted with this multilingual reality and other factors such as the predominance of large mixed-level classes and learners’ lack of motivation.Presently, new technologies are already in place in almost all the Nigerian universities. In almost all Nigerian institutions, governments now compel teachers to acquire at least some basic knowledge in multimedia tools. Also, in most major towns and cities, there are cybercafés and access to online services. With the increase in mobile internet access, many more people can now go internet surfing from home and on the go, thus ensuring ready access to educational instructional materials.Blended Learning systems combine face-to-face instruction with computer-mediated instruction (Graham, 2006:5). Language learning is a comprehensive social and cultural experience, even more so when it involves new technologies that promote a variety of social interactions (Kern & Warschauer, 2000). If a communicative approach is desirable then blended learning should at least be examined as one potential means of improving language teaching & learning in Nigeria.For the research methodology and collection of data, we used a survey through a questionnaire which was sent to teachers and students of FLE in Nigeria to determine the various teaching methodology and approaches to learning.In conclusion, this research presents the results of a study into teachers’ and learners’ motivations for learning French and for using (or not) blended learning. However, we cannot claim that the results that were obtained will resolve the whole issues discussed in this study in relation to French language acquisition in the Nigerian context and we cannot pretend that the recommendations will be valid for the whole country (Nigeria). But it remains, however, important to note that these results/recommendations will facilitate the application of Blended learning in the general system of teaching and learning of French in the country.

Orientador: Douglas Altamiro Consolo / Banca: Fernanda Landucci Ortale / Banca: Denise Bértoli Braga / Resumo: O processo de ensino-aprendizagem de uma língua estrangeira está ligado a diversas questões que podem garantir a aquisição de tal língua ou mesmo criar entraves que aumentam a distância entre o aprendiz e a língua-alvo. Assim, questões referentes aos fatores cognitivos, didático-pedagógicos, sociais, econômicos e culturais são significativas em relação à forma como um indivíduo aprende uma determinada língua. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo identificar e descrever as contribuições e os entraves dos meios digitais para a aprendizagem de língua estrangeira por meio da interação entre pares no escopo do projeto Teletandem Brasil: línguas estrangeiras para todos. Tal contexto de aprendizagem baseia-se nos princípios de autonomia e reciprocidade no processo de ensino-aprendizagem à distância, no qual indivíduos falantes de línguas diferentes aprendem e ensinam suas respectivas línguas por meio de atividades de interação na língua a ser aprendida. A investigação da aprendizagem em modelos não-tradicionais de ensino torna-se pertinente a medida que uma reorganização de paradigmas se estabelece na sociedade contemporânea face o desenvolvimento tecnológico observado nos dias de hoje. Tal reorganização implica em uma reestruturação do modo de se produzir e transmitir conhecimento no mundo atual. No que tange às questões educacionais, a era digital demanda uma necessidade latente de que os processos de ensino possam ser reorganizados observando os anseios e exigências que a aprendizagem na pós-modernidade apresenta. Nesse sentido, novas formas de aprendizagem que insiram em seus procedimentos o trabalho sistematizado com as Novas Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (NTICs) são necessárias. O trabalho aqui apresentado trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa de base etnográfica, na qual foram observados alunos franceses e brasileiros... (resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The process of teaching-learning a foreign language is connected to several issues that can ensure the acquisition of such language or even create barriers that increase the distance between the apprentice and the target language. Thus, issues relating to cognitive factors, teaching, educational, social, economic and cultural aspects are significant in relation to how an individual learns a language. This study aimed at identifying and describing the contributions and the barriers digital media present to foreign language learning through peer interaction in the scope of the project Teletandem Brazil: foreign languages for all. This context of learning is based on the principles of autonomy and reciprocity in the teachinglearning at distance, in which speakers of different languages learn and teach their languages through activities of interaction in the language being learned. The research of learning in non-traditional models of education becomes relevant to measure a reorganization of paradigms that is established in contemporary society, facing technological development seen today. This reorganization involves a restructuring of the way to produce and transmit knowledge in the modern world. With regard to educational issues, the digital age need latent demand that the processes of education can be reorganized, observing the desires and demands that learning in post-modernity presents. In this sense, new ways of learning that entering its procedures in the work systematized with the New Technologies of Information and Communication (NTICs) are necessary. The work presented here it is a qualitative research of an ethnographic basis, in which students were observed French and Brazilian in situations of distanct, collaborative and autonomous. During the investigation it was possible to see the latent need that the issues of technology are printed in the teaching-learning process... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-05-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:30:38Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandes_fr_me_sjrp.pdf: 977603 bytes, checksum: 9bd36f99312dcde3ae87e46761b19ff4 (MD5) / O processo de ensino-aprendizagem de uma língua estrangeira está ligado a diversas questões que podem garantir a aquisição de tal língua ou mesmo criar entraves que aumentam a distância entre o aprendiz e a língua-alvo. Assim, questões referentes aos fatores cognitivos, didático-pedagógicos, sociais, econômicos e culturais são significativas em relação à forma como um indivíduo aprende uma determinada língua. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo identificar e descrever as contribuições e os entraves dos meios digitais para a aprendizagem de língua estrangeira por meio da interação entre pares no escopo do projeto Teletandem Brasil: línguas estrangeiras para todos. Tal contexto de aprendizagem baseia-se nos princípios de autonomia e reciprocidade no processo de ensino-aprendizagem à distância, no qual indivíduos falantes de línguas diferentes aprendem e ensinam suas respectivas línguas por meio de atividades de interação na língua a ser aprendida. A investigação da aprendizagem em modelos não-tradicionais de ensino torna-se pertinente a medida que uma reorganização de paradigmas se estabelece na sociedade contemporânea face o desenvolvimento tecnológico observado nos dias de hoje. Tal reorganização implica em uma reestruturação do modo de se produzir e transmitir conhecimento no mundo atual. No que tange às questões educacionais, a era digital demanda uma necessidade latente de que os processos de ensino possam ser reorganizados observando os anseios e exigências que a aprendizagem na pós-modernidade apresenta. Nesse sentido, novas formas de aprendizagem que insiram em seus procedimentos o trabalho sistematizado com as Novas Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (NTICs) são necessárias. O trabalho aqui apresentado trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa de base etnográfica, na qual foram observados alunos franceses e brasileiros... / The process of teaching-learning a foreign language is connected to several issues that can ensure the acquisition of such language or even create barriers that increase the distance between the apprentice and the target language. Thus, issues relating to cognitive factors, teaching, educational, social, economic and cultural aspects are significant in relation to how an individual learns a language. This study aimed at identifying and describing the contributions and the barriers digital media present to foreign language learning through peer interaction in the scope of the project Teletandem Brazil: foreign languages for all. This context of learning is based on the principles of autonomy and reciprocity in the teachinglearning at distance, in which speakers of different languages learn and teach their languages through activities of interaction in the language being learned. The research of learning in non-traditional models of education becomes relevant to measure a reorganization of paradigms that is established in contemporary society, facing technological development seen today. This reorganization involves a restructuring of the way to produce and transmit knowledge in the modern world. With regard to educational issues, the digital age need latent demand that the processes of education can be reorganized, observing the desires and demands that learning in post-modernity presents. In this sense, new ways of learning that entering its procedures in the work systematized with the New Technologies of Information and Communication (NTICs) are necessary. The work presented here it is a qualitative research of an ethnographic basis, in which students were observed French and Brazilian in situations of distanct, collaborative and autonomous. During the investigation it was possible to see the latent need that the issues of technology are printed in the teaching-learning process... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

The Haitian Revolution was the first successful slave revolt in history. And even though Haiti declared independence from France in 1804, most French civilization textbooks do not include this important event. From an economic standpoint, France depended on its imports from Saint-Domingue (Haiti's pre-revolutionary name); and from a philosophical standpoint, the slave revolt in Saint-Domingue originated from ideas that came from French philosophers preaching the Rights of Man. Studying the Haitian Revolution within the context of the French Revolution provides a perspective that highlights the complex relationship between France and its colonies as well as religion's displaced role after 1789. While France tried to rid the country of anything religious, its rebirth still had references to its Christian past. Two French works, Victor Hugo's Bug-Jargal and Alphonse de Lamartine's play, Toussaint Louverture, can provide great insight into these two sides of France-the religious and the secular. Both take place in Saint-Domingue during its Revolution, and both not only include a different perspective on the French and Haitian Revolutions, but also expose events that French history books routinely omit. In Hugo's Bug-Jargal, one main character and hero of the book is the eponymous slave. He is represented as a Christ-like figure: a slave of royal birth that sacrifices himself to save others on many occasions. The French hero, d'Auverney comes to realize that he shares more values with this slave than with the French people around him. Corrupt French officials, rebel leaders, and heroic slaves surround d'Auverney and the he must choose which set of beliefs and values best align with his own. His friendship with Bug-Jargal surprises him, and teaches him the importance of loyalty to a personal code of honor rather than to a country or society. The characters in the novella reflect a number of ways of thinking following the Revolution. The novella features nostalgia for the past and also confusion about France's new identity. In Lamartine's Toussaint Louverture, Toussaint relies on religion as he looks to God and past prophets for inspiration and motivation. He believes in sacrificing everything for his country. The contrasting characters symbolize the New France and follow a new god, Napoleon, and focus on reading, writing, and money. All the characters must pick a side: France or Haiti. Lamartine's narrative articulates the rupture between a secular France and a Catholic one.