"A thesis presented to the Graduate college of Iowa state college in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy."--Foot-note, p. v. / Frontispiece accompanied by guard sheet with descriptive letterpress. "Literature cited": p. 133-137.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1981. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 18-21).

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Avgörande för att organisationer ska lyckas medkvalitets- och verksamhetsutveckling är värderingar som stödjer enkvalitetskultur, där engagerat ledarskap är en av värderingarna. Ledarskap ochkultur är olika sidor av samma mynt. Trots att de påverkar varandra saknaskunskap om vad ledare faktiskt gör och hur de beter sig för att stärka enkvalitetskultur. Tidigare studier har visat att det framförallt är det mjukavärderingarna; engagerat ledarskap, allas delaktighet/samverkan ochkundorientering som ger goda resultat för kvalitets- och verksamhetsutveckling.Syftet med studien var att beskriva hur ledare stärker en kvalitetskultur ochbeskriva en struktur för att leda en kvalitetskultur enligtorganisationsmodellen Teal. Frågeställningarna var; vad gör ledare för attstärka en kvalitetskultur, och hur beter sig ledare för att stärka enkvalitetskultur. Metoden var en kvalitativ fallstudie med litteraturgenomgång,fokusintervjuer och egna observationer. Åtta intervjuer genomfördes på ettkunskaps- och programföretag med en kultur som stämmer väl in på Teal.Intervjuerna kodades utifrån värderingarna inom kvalitetskultur och resulteradei för fallstudien specifika värderingar, beskrivningar av dessa utifrånbeteenden och en struktur för att stärka en kvalitetskultur. Resultatet visadeatt det ledarna gjorde för att stärka kvalitetskulturen var att ha fokus påvärderingarna engagerat ledarskap och allas delaktighet/samverkan, det villsäga mjuka värderingar vilka är de som framförallt ger goda resultat inom kvalitets-och verksamhetsutveckling. Ledarnas beteende kopplat till värderingarnaresulterade i strukturer för att stärka en kvalitetskultur enligt Teal. Såvälfallstudiens specifika värderingar som strukturer kan ge kunskap, stöd ochinspiration till organisationer och ledare som vill stärka en kvalitetskultur. / For organizations to succeed in quality management   values ​​that support a quality culture are crucial, where committed   leadership is one of these values. Leadership and culture are different sides   of the same coin. But even though they affect each other, there is little   knowledge of what leaders actually do and how they behave and act to   strengthen a quality culture. Previous studies have shown that it´s   especially the soft values; committed leadership, everyone's   involvement/collaboration and customer orientation that amount to good   results regarding quality management. The purpose of the study was to   describe how leaders strengthen a quality culture and describe a structure to   lead a quality culture according to the organizational model Teal. The   research questions were; what do leaders do to strengthen a quality culture,   and how do leaders behave in order to strengthen a quality culture? The   method was a qualitative case study with literature studies, focus interviews   and observations. Eight interviews were conducted at a company with a culture   that foremost is Teal. The interviews were coded based on the values ​​in   quality culture and resulted in case studies specific values, behavior   despriptions of these and a structure to strengthen a quality culture. The   results showed that what the leaders did to strengthen the quality culture   was to focus on the values ​​of committed leadership and everyone's   participation/collaboration, that is, soft values ​​which are the ones that   above all provide good results in quality management. The conduct of the   leaders, linked to the values, ​​resulted in structures to strengthen a   quality culture according to Teal. Both the case study's specific values   ​​and structures can provide knowledge, support and inspiration to   organizations and leaders who aim to strengthen a quality culture. / <p>2019-06-27</p>

The aim of our thesis is to provide an insight into self-managing organizations (SMOs), particularly referencing holacratic and teal organizations, and connecting them with the consequent innovative process. Global markets are changing rapidly, and competition is increasing, as the pressure on companies to adapt to these fast-paced changes. There is an increasing demand for constant innovative idea flows to keep up with the dynamics of the global market economy. New flexible management tools are needed in order to maintain balance. Starting from the premise that SMO tools are part of the response to the dynamics of enterprises, we aim to outline how SMOs operate. We also analyze the innovative process within SMOs and try to answer whether innovation is inherently connected to holacratic and teal organizations. This will be achieved by conducting interviews on case subjects using qualitative analysis and elaborating on the findings to form a discussion. As this is a revolutionary new phenomenon that shifts the management's responsibility from one person to the entire organization, few companies as of yet have adopted this strategy. This adds limitations to our study but opens the door for further research.

Forskning påvisar idag att det ställs allt större krav på en flexibel organisering varav den senaste uppkomsten av en sådan styrning kallas Teal-organisationen. Att utveckla en traditionell organisation till att bli Teal är inte en enkel process och forskning kring liknande utvecklingsprocesser även är bristande. Syftet med studien är att bidra med empiriska data om hur organisationsutveckling mot Teal ser ut och hur den praktiskt genomförs i ett traditionellt styrt företag. Undersökningen ämnar även ge en djupare och bredare förståelse om organisationsutveckling. För att besvara syftet har företaget, Frilans Finans, som genomgår en organisationsutveckling mot Teal, kvalitativt studerats. Givet resultat testades mot ett teoretiskt ramverk om organisationsutveckling. Resultatet har visat att påverkande faktorer och förutsättningar för en organisationsutveckling mot Teal kan jämföras med det teoretiska ramverket. Huruvida förutsättningarna givit önskat resultat ifrågasätts och utvecklingen kan därför ses som en cirkulär process, alternativt har företaget saknat väl utförda förutsättningar.

The mid-Atlantic coast region, an area of continental significance to migratory and wintering waterfowl and shorebirds, contains numerous moist-soil impoundments that are managed for waterbirds. Positive relationships between nonbreeding body condition and subsequent survival and reproduction have been documented for waterfowl, yet few evaluations of habitat management consider nutritional value of foods. I assessed 2 types of impoundment manipulation, using nutritional data as a basis for evaluation.Invertebrate and plant seed production were measured in disced and control plots in impoundments at Back Bay National Wildlife Refuge. Seed production was higher (P = 0.0614) in disced (1052 ± 468 kg / ha) than in control (529 ± 226 kg / ha) plots. Discing produced higher Chironomid larva abundance during spring, and higher abundance of Amphipods and non-Chironomid Diptera during fall. Waterbird predation reduced abundance of Chironomid larvae, non-Chironomid Diptera, and Amphipods. The predation effect on Total Invertebrate dry mass was 2x higher in disced than in control areas.Invertebrate production also was measured in habitats denuded by foraging greater snow geese (Anser caerulescens atlantica) at Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuge. Chironomid larvae were 2 -6x more abundant in vegetated habitats than in areas where geese had foraged intensively, but exclosure data showed little effect of shorebird predation on invertebrate abundance. These results suggest that high goose populations can reduce waterbird food availability, and that shorebird use of invertebrates in denuded habitats is low.Mean true metabolizable energy (TME) of moist-soil seeds and invertebrates in blue-winged teal (Anas discors) ranged from -0.18 - 3.47 kcal / g. Correction of means for fiber concentration eliminated negative values, thereby enhancing their practical value.Potential duck use-days predicted using TME and seed production data were about 2x higher for disced than for control areas at Back Bay. Magnitude of the discing effect on duck use-days was largely insensitive to different estimates of seed nutritional value, although substantial variation in absolute measures of potential carrying capacity occurred. Discing positively influenced invertebrate abundance, and quantity and quality of moist-soil seeds produced, and should be considered a viable habitat management approach for both shorebirds and waterfowl. / Ph. D.

I denna fallstudie har SeventyOne Consulting analyserats som ett exempel på en organisation som verkar under det kommande paradigmet inom kvalitetsutvecklingen. Studien kopplar samman teori från kvalitetfältet med design thinking, paradigmteori och teori om människocentrerad företagskultur. Syftet var att bidra med kunskap gällande vilken roll design thinking och människocentrerad företagskultur kan spela i ett kommande paradigm inom kvalitetsutveckling. Frågeställningarna var: 1. Hur kan det kommande paradigmet i kvalitetsutveckling förstås? 2. Vilken roll kan design thinking och en människocentrerad företagskultur spela i det kommande paradigmet? Metoden inkluderade semi-deltagande observationer av organisationen, icke-deltagande observationer av arbetet med kunder, intervjuer med företagets medlemmar samt dokumentationsanalys. Studien har huvudsakligen genomförts online. Dess resultat har organiserats i den metaforiska och hypotetiska analysmodellen bröllopstårtan, vilken illustrerar hur en människocentrerad företagskultur baserad på psykologisk trygghet, Teal-principer och glädje utgör grunden för att hantera kunders komplexa problem utifrån de metodologiska strategierna relatera och samskapa, eklektisk metod och ett design thinking mindset. Design kapabilitet har analyserats som förmågan att sammankoppla och arbeta utifrån flera olika kunskapstraditioner samtidigt, samt integrera företagskulturer utifrån en människocentrerad bas. Människocentrerad kultur har därmed förståtts som en förutsättning för att kunna möta komplexiteten och innovationskraven som präglar det nya paradigmet, medan design thinking förståtts som en potentiellt användbar metod, förutsatt att design kapabilitet utvecklats. / In this case study, SeventyOne Consulting was analysed as an example of an organisation operating under the coming paradigm in quality management. The study connected theory from quality management, design thinking, paradigm theory and human-centred culture theory. The purpose was to contribute with knowledge concerning what role design thinking and a human-centred culture can play in the coming paradigm of quality management. The research questions were: 1. How can the coming paradigm of Quality Management be understood? 2. Which roles can design thinking and a human-centred culture play in the coming paradigm? The method included semi-participatory observations of the organisation, non-participatory observations with its customers, interviews with its members and document analysis. The study has mainly been performed online. Its result were organised into the metaphorical and hypothetical analytic model of the wedding cake, illustrating how a human-centred culture based on psychological safety, Teal principles and happiness gives the foundation for handling customers’ complex problems through the methodological strategies relate and co-create, eclectic methodology and a design thinking mindset. Design capability was analysed as the ability to connect and work simultaneously with different kinds of knowledge and integrating cultures, while also coming from a human-centredness. Human-centred cultures were thereby understood as an important prerequisite for being able to meet the complexity and innovative demands of a new paradigm, while design thinking was understood as a potentially suitable method, provided that design-capability has been developed. / <p>2021-06-06</p>

The aim of this study is to improve our understanding of the ecology, spatiotemporal patterns, and risk of infectious pathogens of migratory waterfowl, using the blue-winged teal (Anas discors, BWTE), as a model. From 2007-2010, 1,869 BWTE were sampled in the prairie provinces (Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba, Canada) to examine infection status and/or evidence of previous exposure to avian influenza virus (AIV), West Nile virus (WNV), and avian paramyxovirus-1 (APMV-1), in relation to host demographic variables (age, sex, body condition, exposure to other pathogens), other ecological variables such as local waterfowl breeding population density and local pond density, and year. The probability of AIV infection depended on an interaction between age and AIV antibody status. Hatch year birds with antibodies to AIV were more likely to be infected, suggesting an antibody response to an active infection. After hatch year birds with antibodies to AIV were less likely to be infected, suggesting immunity resulting from previous exposure. AIV infection was positively associated with local BWTE density, supporting the hypothesis of density dependent transmission. Exposure to WNV and APMV-1 were also associated with age and year. Furthermore, the probability of WNV exposure was positively associated with local pond density rather than host population density, likely because ponds provide suitable breeding habitat for mosquitoes, the primary vectors for transmission. We also investigated large-scale spatiotemporal trends in apparent prevalence of AIV across Canada and the United States throughout the year, using data from national avian influenza surveillance programs in Canada and the US in 2007-2010. Our analyses revealed that age, sex, year of sampling, flyway, latitude, and season (categorized by stages of the BWTE annual life cycle) were all important variables in predicting probability of AIV infection. There was an interaction between age and season. During late summer staging (August) and fall migration (September-October), hatch year birds were more likely to be infected than after hatch year birds, however there was no difference between age categories for the remainder of the year (winter, spring migration, and breeding season). Probability of infection increased non-linearly with latitude, and was highest in summer, corresponding to the beginning of fall migration when densities of birds and the proportion of susceptible hatch year birds in the population are highest. Birds in the Pacific, Central and Mississippi flyways were significantly more likely to be infected compared to those in the Atlantic flyway. Observed trends in seasonal, annual, and geographic patterns of AIV infection in BWTE across Canada and the US were primarily driven by the dynamics of AIV infection in hatch year birds. Our results demonstrate demographic as well as seasonal, latitudinal and flyway trends across Canada and the US. This research provided further evidence for the role of wild dabbling ducks, particularly BWTE, in the maintenance and ecology of AIV. This improved understanding of the role of BWTE as natural hosts, and the geographic, demographic and temporal variables that affect infection and transmission parameters, moves us closer to deciphering the overall ecology of the virus and its transmission and transportation pathways at the individual, population and continental levels. This knowledge, in turn, will permit development of better tools to predict and perhaps to prevent possible outbreaks in domestic animals as well as in humans.