The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of muscle fatigue on shooting accuracy in male handball players. Sixteen elite young male handball players (age: 17.12&plusmn / 1.74 year / height: 185.26&plusmn / 7.17 / body mass: 78.93&plusmn / 11.07) volunteered to participate in the study. The study composed of laboratory and field test sessions. In the laboratory test, maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) obtained from treadmill running test, blood lactate concentration, heart rate monitoring at resting and every 3 minutes during running were measured. Running speed equal to 75% speed at VO2max values of participants was used as initial velocity for 30-15 intermittent fitness test (30-15IFT). In the field tests, after determined the optimum shooting velocity of each participant, they shots to each targets placed at the four corner of the handball goal 4 times, totally 16 times. Blood lactate concentration was measured from the earlobe of participant who completed shooting to target test session. Then, 30-15IFT was applied as fatigue protocol and at the end of the test, blood lactate concentration was measured again and participant repeated shooting to target test session immediately after fatigue protocol. During all shooting procedures, acceleration of wrist and speed of ball were recorded. Blood lactate concentration over 8mmol/L, v 90% of HRmax, respiratory exchange ratio&gt / 1 and exhaustion of participant accepted ending criteria for the tests. As a result, no significant differences were found between pre-fatigue and post-fatigue protocols in terms of accurate and inaccurate shots. Shooting consistency, ball speed, response time, X, Y, Z axis of wrist acceleration variables highly correlated each other in terms of shooting accuracy both in pre and post fatigue conditions. Shooting consistency has an effect on accurate shots. Ball velocity has effect on inaccurate shots in pre-fatigue condition. However, none of variable has effect on accurate and inaccurate shots in post-fatigue conditions. In pre-fatigue conditions, right to left motion of wrist (X axis) was the most important motion, back to forward motion (y axis) was became more important in post fatigue condition.

Orientador: Paulo Ferreira de Araújo / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Física / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T16:41:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Calegari_DecioRoberto_D.pdf: 2004907 bytes, checksum: c8498b578b827cd9b0f20b7bf9ac2a0e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Este estudo teve por objetivo estabelecer parâmetros que permitissem adaptar a prática do Handebol para Cadeira de Rodas (HCR), desenvolvendo uma modalidade capaz de integrar deficientes à vida social, tendo sido construído em três etapas distintas, porém complementares. Inicialmente foi realizada uma pesquisa histórica, que serviu de fundamento para a discussão dos aspectos organizacionais da adaptação do Handebol para a prática em Cadeira de Rodas (HCR). Na segunda etapa, fundamentadas na metodologia da pesquisa-ação foram realizadas observações em competições e treinamentos para a identificação dos fundamentos técnicos e táticos do HCR. A terceira etapa implicou na coleta de dados de desempenho em competição que permitiram avaliar o volume de jogo dos atletas e classificá-los de acordo com seu nível de mobilidade, utilizando-se estatística descritiva para análise dos dados. A proposta de adaptação das regras possibilitou a criação de duas modalidades: o HCR7, que adapta as regras do Handebol de Salão para o jogo em Cadeira de Rodas, priorizando a inclusão, e o HCR4, que adapta as regras do Handebol de Areia, privilegiando a plasticidade do jogo, tornando-o agradável e atraente para público e mídia. No âmbito dos fundamentos técnicos (capítulo 3) a principal alteração que se observa é a necessidade de domínio do manejo da cadeira, elemento fundamental para o bom desempenho no jogo, sendo possível ainda identificar os seguintes fundamentos técnicos: passe e recepção, condução e controle da bola (inclusive fintas), lançamentos ou arremessos, bloqueio ofensivo e bloqueio defensivo. No que diz respeito aos elementos táticos (capítulo 4) do jogo de HCR7 as estratégias adotadas estão tomando por base as existentes no Handebol, com defesas individuais (quadra inteira, meia quadra, pressão e interceptação), por zona (3:3, 5:1, 4:2, 3:2:1 e 6:0) e mistas (5+1, 4+2, 3+3). Já o desenvolvimento tático do HCR4 está sendo construído de forma original e como a quantidade de competições ainda é pequena não foi possível estabelecer estratégias táticas pré-definidas em relação a esta modalidade. Os jogos realizados permitem inferir que a liberação para qualquer atleta de quadra ser o goleiro amplia sobremaneira as alternativas táticas do jogo. A Classificação Funcional (capítulo 5), elemento democratizador da prática esportiva para deficientes, tem por objetivo equilibrar as condições de competitividade entre equipes de deficientes, possibilitando tornar elegíveis para a prática de esportes em cadeira de rodas deficientes que não são obrigados a permanecer na cadeira o tempo todo (amputados, sequelados de poliomielite, entre outros). O capítulo 6 foi destinado à discussão da relação entre fundamentos técnicos e táticos e desempenho em competição, levando em consideração a classificação funcional. Um instrumento de coleta de dados - scout - foi criado e permitiu quantificar o desempenho dos atletas durante a disputa do 1º Campeonato Brasileiro de HCR, realizado em Toledo/PR, no mês de agosto de 2009. O Handebol em Cadeira de Rodas vem se constituindo numa alternativa eficaz de prática desportiva para a pessoa com deficiência, principalmente por atender a um grupo que tem dificuldades para jogar basquete, porém não possui comprometimento suficiente para praticar o rugbi, que somada à facilidade de aprendizagem transformam o Handebol em Cadeira de Rodas numa nova e atrativa opção de prática coletiva de Esporte Adaptado para pessoas com deficiência / Abstract: This study intends to establish parameters to allow the adjustment of handball practice to wheelchairs (Whellchair Handball - WCH), developing a modality that integrates disability people to social life. The work was built in three different but complimentary phases. At first, a historical research was the basis to discuss organizational aspects of the adaptation of the practice of handball to wheelchairs. On a second phase, the method of action-research was adopted in competitions and trainings, with the purpose of observation and identification of technical and tactical fundaments of the modality. The third stage of the study constituted in the utilization of the collected data, about the competition performance of athletes, to evaluate the volume of game of the athletes and classify them according to the level of mobility, using descriptive statistic for the analysis. The proposal of adaptation of rules allowed the creation of two modalities: WCH 7, that utilizes as basis the rules of Court Handball, and priories the inclusion of disabilities; and WCH 4, which adapts the rules of Beach Handball, and focuses on the plasticity of the game, making it attractive to the audience and media. In the field of technical fundaments (chapter 3), the main adaptation observed, in comparison to regular handball, is the necessity of manipulation of the wheelchair, which is a fundamental element to the development of the game. Also, it was possible to notice the technical fundaments of the modality: pass and reception, conduction and control of the ball, throwing, and defensive and offensive block. About the tactical elements (chapter 4) of WCH 7, the strategies are based on Court Handball, with individual defenses, zone defenses (3:3, 5:1, 4:2, 3:2:1 e 6:0) and mixed (5+1, 4+2, 3+3). The tactical development of WCH 4 is original, and, given the small amount of competitions promoted so far, it was not possible to identify tactical strategies for this modality. The games observed for this study show that the deliverance for any player in the team to be the goal keeper increases the tactical alternatives for the modality. The functional classification (chapter 5), on its side, is a democratizing factor of sports practicing for disability people. Its objective is to balance the conditions of competition between two teams, allowing people who do not necessarily need the wheelchair daily to play wheelchair sports (such as amputees, for example). On chapter 6, the relation between technical and tactical aspects and the performance on competition was analyzed, based on the functional classification. An instrument of data collection - scout - was developed specially for this analysis, and it permitted the quantification of many aspects of the game, in the 1st Brazilian Championship of WCH, which took place in Toledo (state of Paraná - Brazil), in august of 2009. In Brazil and other countries, Wheelchair Handball has constituted an effective alternative of sports practice for disability people, especially because it attends a group with specific needs in this matter. These disability have difficulties to play basketball, but are not injured enough to be accepted in a rugby's team. The facilities of learning also contribute to make Wheelchair Handball a new and attractive option of collective practice of adapted sports / Doutorado / Atividade Fisica, Adaptação e Saude / Doutor em Educação Física

Syftet med denna studie är att beskriva handbollen som en egen kultur och socialisation, innehållande ritualer och symboler, utifrån ett socialantropologiskt perspektiv, samt att studera ledarnas betydelse i ett handbollslag när det kommer till vad spelarna lär sig på planen. Detta är en fältstudie av flickhandbollslag och deras tränare. Data har samlats in genom observationer och intervjuer med tränarna. Uppsatsen beskriver handboll som en egen kultur där spelarna genom socialisation lär sig handbollens regler och normer. Symboler, som matchkläder och språk, identifieras liksom ritualer, som utförs både på träningar och matcher. Teorin om passageritualer kopplas till de faktorer som förbereder unga spelare inför en framtida förflyttning till ett äldre lag. Genom intervjuer med tränarna identifieras även flera olika tabun kopplade till hur en handbollsspelare förväntas bete sig. Uppsatsen studerar även de livskunskaper som ungdomar kan lära sig genom att delta i sport. En avgörande faktor för denna inlärning är de vuxna ledarnas inställning och förmåga att agera förebild. Detta gör att ungdomarna kan lära sig kunskaper som kan tas med även utanför idrottens sammanhang. Uppsatsen beskriver även olika ledarskapstyper, vissa tenderar att fokusera på gruppens resultat, medan andra fokuserar på dess deltagare och välmående. / The purpose of this essay is to describe team handball as a culture and socialization, containing symbols and rituals, from a social anthropological perspective and also studying the importance of the leaders of a handball team, when it comes to what players are learning on the court. The essay is a field study, describing team handball as a culture where players through socialization are learning the rules and norms of handball. Symbols, such as clothes and language, are being identified as well as rituals that are being preformed during practices and games. The “rites of passage” theory is connected to the fact that younger players in different ways are being prepared for playing on a higher level with an older team. By interviewing the leaders of the team in this essay, different taboos are being identified, connected to the expected behaviour of a handball player. The essay also studies the life skills that young people can learn through sport participation. A crucial factor of this learning is the attitude of the adult leaders and their ability to act as role models. If the leaders can manage this, the young players are likely to receive knowledges that can be used in other contexts than sport. The essay also describes different types of leaders, some tend to focus on the results of the group, whereas other types focus on its members.

Title: Relation between throwing velocity and accuracy in women handball. Objectives: The main of this thesis is finding of relation between throwing velocity and accuracy among difference performance levels and difference gaming experience female handball players. Methods: As part of the survey, a one-off measurements of the maximum throwing velocity and accuracy throwing was performed for two groups women handball players. Speed measurement was performed using radar device Stalker PRO II. The measurement was performed by one-handed overarm throw in three different ways. The resulting values are statistically processed in MS Excel 2007. I used the testing method and the observation method. Results: The results of this thesis show close relation between throwing velocity and accuracy in women handball. Both groups exceeded 90% border of the maximum throwing velocity when trying to hit a defined space. Keywords: Team handball, throwing velocity, throwing accuracy

Bakgrund: Främre korsbandsskador (ACL-skador) är allvarliga och vanligt förkommande inom idrott, speciellt hos ungdomar i åldrarna 14-19 år. En förhöjd risk för ACL-skador har påvisats för individer aktiva inom fotboll och handboll, vilka är mycket populära sporter världen över. Inom dessa sporter har även kvinnor påvisats ha två till åtta gånger högre risk att drabbas än män. Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka om det fanns någon skillnad i knästabilitet vid en hopp-landningsrörelse mellan tjejer och killar i åldrarna 16-19 år, aktiva inom fotboll och handboll samt att undersöka om det fanns någon skillnad mellan fotbollsspelarna och handbollsspelarna, oavsett kön. Metod: Ett drop jump-test utfördes av 20 ungdomar, aktiva inom fotboll och handboll, medelålder ±SD 17,0 ± 0,9 år. Testerna filmades i frontal- och sagittalplanet och analyserades sedan med hjälp av Landning Error Scoring System (LESS). Post hoc-analyser genomfördes för att kontrollera skillnader i 1) graden av valgusställning i knäleden mellan tjejerna och killarna och 2) graden av knäflexion mellan fotbolls- och handbollsspelarna i landningsmomentet. Ett oberoende student’s t-test användes till de statistiska analyserna och signifikansnivån sattes till p ≤ 0,05. Resultat: Det fanns ingen signifikant skillnad i LESS-poäng mellan tjejerna och killarna (p = 0,694). Fotbollsspelarna hade signifikant lägre LESS-poäng än handbollsspelarna (p = 0,002). Andelen tjejer som uppvisade valgusställning i knäleden under testutförandet var högre än hos killarna. Fotbollsspelarna uppvisade enligt LESS tillräcklig knäflexion i landningsmomentet i högre utsträckning än handbollsspelarna under testutförandet. Slutsats: Ingen signifikant skillnad i knästabilitet och hopp-landningsteknik fanns mellan tjejerna och killarna. Fotbollsspelarna hade signifikant bättre knästabilitet och hopp-landningsteknik än handbollsspelarna. Tjejerna hade en större grad av valgusställning i knäleden vid testutförandet än killarna och handbollsspelarna uppvisade inte lika stor knäflexion som fotbollsspelarna vid testutförandet. Mer forskning krävs inom området för att resultaten ska kunna generaliseras. / Background: Anterior cruciate ligament injuries (ACL-injuries) are serious and common in sports, especially in adolescents between the ages of 14 and 19. An increased risk for ACL-injury has been shown in individuals active in soccer and team handball, which both are popular sports worldwide. Within these sports, women have been proven to have two to eight times greater risk for ACL-injury than men. Aim: The aim was to investigate whether there was any difference in knee stability during a jump-landing movement between girls and boys aged 16-19 years, active in soccer and team handball and also to investigate whether there was any difference between the soccer players and team handball players, regardless of gender. Method: A drop jump test was performed by 20 adolescents, active in soccer and team handball, mean ± SD age 17.0 ± 0.9 years old. The tests were recorded in the frontal and sagittal plane and were then analyzed using the Landing Error Scoring System (LESS). Post hoc analyzes were used to examine differences in 1) the degree of knee valgus alignment between the girls and the boys and 2) the degree of knee flexion between the soccer- and the team handball players in the landing movement. An independent student’s t-test was used in the statistical analysis and the level of significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Results: There was no significant difference in LESS-score between the girls and the boys (p = 0.694). The soccer players had significantly lower LESS-score (p = 0.002). A higher frequency of the girls displayed a knee valgus alignment during the test compared to the boys. The soccer players displayed according to LESS adequate knee flexion to greater extent than the team handball players did during the test. Conclusion: No significant difference in knee stability and jump-landing technique was found between the girls and the boys. The soccer players displayed significantly better knee stability and jump-landing technique than the team handball players. The girls displayed a greater degree of knee valgus during the test than the boys did and the team handball players displayed a smaller degree of knee flexion then the soccer players did. More research is required within the area to be able to generalize the results.

Title: The influence of kinematic factors on shooting velocity and accuracy in team handball. Goals: The main goal of this thesis is to find the influence of kinematic factors of throwing arm on shooting velocity and accuracy in team handball. Methods: The relationship between velocity and accuracy is based on practical measurement of group of team handballers. The measurement itself consists of three chosen types of shooting. We focused on movement and reciprocal position of reference points (ball, wrist, elbow and shoulder joint) and their influence on velocity and accuracy of hitting a target in goal. For measuring velocity is used a radar device Stalker. Measured values were elaborated in TEMA motion program which is appropriate for detail 3D analysis of throwing motion. Results: The results of this thesis demostrate the proximal-to-distal sequence in both types of throwing. An absolute velocities in this sequence were higher at Vmax shots than in accurate shots. There was found a significal difference between elbow extension angle of shots on upper and lower targets but exception. Higher elbow extension angle was found at Vmax shots than at accurate shots. This shows the influence of angle size on shooting velocity. A movement of the arm relative to vertical axis of a goal reflected an...