No description available.

Inkorporering av teknik som AI ökar på arbetsplatser och i synnerhet inom kunskapsintensiva industrier. För organisationer som ingår i dessa branscher är den digitala utvecklingen en avgörande komponent för framgång. Även mänskliga resurser som kunskapsarbetare ses som en viktig komponent och deras samarbete med teknik kan därför bli avgörande för att organisationer ska fortsätta god utveckling och konkurrenskraft. Samarbetet mellan människa och teknik, även kallat teaming, är ett viktigt forskningsområde som behöver fler kunskapsbidrag. Forskning visar att flera faktorer är viktiga vid design av teaming, inklusive relationen mellan teknik och människa. Studien använder sig av en kvalitativ forskningsansats där relaterad litteratur bidrog till tre teman som därefter bidrog med vägledning vid datainsamling och analys av data från studiens semistrukturerade intervjuer. Studiens slutsats bidrog till underliggande faktorer som delades upp i de tre identifierade teman Uppfattning, Tillit och Arbetsflöde. Uppfattning beskriver kunskapsarbetarens inställning till teaming och AI-assistenten. Tillit beskriver viktiga aspekter för att kunskapsarbetare ska kunna lita på assistenten. Arbetsflöde beskriver förändringar som skulle kunna ske i specifika delar i deras arbete och vilka aspekter som är viktiga att prioritera. Sammanfattningsvis krävs det att designers involverar användarna i teaming för att identifiera de viktiga aspekterna för ett fungerande arbete. / Incorporation of technology such as AI is increasing in workplaces, especially in knowledge-intensive industries. For organizations that are part of these industries, digital development is a crucial component for success. Human resources such as knowledge workers are also seen as an important component and their collaboration with technology can therefore be decisive for organizations to continue good development and competitiveness. The collaboration between humans and technology, also called teaming, is an important research area that needs more knowledge contributions. Research shows that several factors are important when designing teaming, including the relationship between technology and people. The study uses a qualitative research approach where related literature contributed to three themes which contributed with guidance in data collection and analysis from the study's semistructured interviews.The study's conclusion contributed to underlying factors divided into the three identified themes Perception, Trust and Workflow. Perception describes the knowledge worker's attitude towards teaming and the AI assistant. Trust describes important aspects for knowledge workers to be able to trust the assistant. Workflow describes changes in specific parts of their work and which aspects are important to prioritize. In summary, it is required that designers involve the users in teaming to identify the important aspects for a functional work

<p>With autonomous systems bringing greater demand for user data, in some applications, this also brings an opportunity to solicit data from users. To exploit this, a user interface will need to be designed to coax the user into achieving system goals, like data solicitation. One approach is to design a system to leverage an already present tendency for people to socially interact with technology. In this thesis, I argue that such an approach would involve incorporating interaction concepts that facilitate engagement into the design of recommender system interfaces that will improve the likelihood of obtaining data from users. To support this claim, I synthesize past work on human-computer interaction and recommender systems to derive a framework to guide scientific investigations into interface design concepts that will address the data solicitation problem.<br></p>

No description available.

No description available.

The joint Simon task is a cognitive reaction time task used to assess shared representations and self-other integration when performing a collaborative task with a partner. However, it is unclear if the underlying mechanisms are specific to representing spatial information or are more general. The objective of the current study was to assess a nonspatial joint Simon compatibility effect. Participants completed the joint Simon task with a partner while seated side-by-side, face-to-face, back-to-back, or with their partner not in the room. They completed the task three times, once with horizontal stimuli (left/right of center), once with vertical stimuli (above/below center), and once with central stimuli (at center). In the central task, compatibility was in color where participant responses (assigned red or green response buttons and gloves) were compatible or incompatible to the stimuli (colored red or green). Results showed no significant compatibility effect for any task in any response orientation condition, indicating no evidence of a nonspatial compatibility effect. Results even failed to replicate the standard joint Simon effect of a spatial compatibility effect in the horizontal task when seated side-by-side. However, exploratory analyses showed a significant nonspatial color compatibility effect in the central task for those assigned green in the side-by-side condition only, indicating that the presence of color in the participants' response (i.e., colored responses button and gloves) may have interfered with representing spatial information. This finding has implications for both theory and application of the joint Simon task, indicating it is sensitive to small changes, occurs for features besides location, and may be most effective when seated side-by-side. Additionally, the broader implications for the cognitive and practical study of joint action show the importance of how different features influence shared representations, how different colors are perceived and represented, and how different response orientations influence performance.

Pour cette thèse, notre matériel clinique est principalement constitué des retranscriptions de séances de travail — que nous avons enregistrées — auxquelles nous avons participé deux ans durant avec l’accord d’un collectif d’enseignants élaborant un projet de collège alternatif au sein de l’Éducation nationale. Nous avons aussi pu écouter et recueillir des témoignages de quelques membres d’une autre équipe de professeurs travaillant dans un microlycée, selon des modalités coopératives de fonctionnement, depuis une dizaine d’années pour les plus anciens. Notre objectif étant de nous intéresser à des pratiques coopératives, au désir du faire équipe avec d’autres, aux valeurs qui les sous-tendent, ainsi qu’aux idéaux comme aux fantasmes qui sont actifs à l’insu des sujets. Lors du travail d’écoute de certaines verbalisations, se révélait un fantasme inconscient d’égalité parfaite, chez nombre de membres, ce qui nous a conduites vers l’idée d’un désir particulier soutenu par ce fantasme : le désir-totalité. Or, lorsque ce fantasme et ce désir ne sont pas aperçus, reconnus, élaborés, puis dépassés, ils font entrave, dans la pratique, au plaisir d’être et de coopérer avec les autres. Pour les surmonter, une distanciation avec soi-même est nécessaire, c’est-à-dire, un décentrement d’avec ses propres objets de pensée. Ceci s’est produit pour tous les membres qui sont restés et les nouveaux venus aux fils du temps. / For this thesis, our clinical material consists mainly of audio-transcripts of working sessions - that we recorded - in which we participated for two years with the agreement of a collective of teachers developing an alternative junior high school project within the National Education. We have also been able to listen to and collect testimonials from some members of another team of teachers working in a micro-high school, according to co-operative modalities of functioning, since ten years for older ones. Our goal was to focus on cooperative practices, the desire to team up with others, the values that underlie them, ideals and fantasies that are active without the knowledge of the subjects. During the work of listening to certain verbalizations, an unconscious fantasy of perfect equality was revealed in many members, which led us to the idea of a particular desire supported by this fantasy: desire-totality. Now, when this fantasy and desire are not perceived, recognized, elaborated and then exceeded, they hinder, in practice, the pleasure of being and of cooperating with others. To overcome them, a distancing with oneself is necessary that is to say, a decentering from one's own objects of thought. Over the times, this has happened to all members who have stayed as well as to newcomers.

abstract: This increasing role of highly automated and intelligent systems as team members has started a paradigm shift from human-human teaming to Human-Autonomy Teaming (HAT). However, moving from human-human teaming to HAT is challenging. Teamwork requires skills that are often missing in robots and synthetic agents. It is possible that adding a synthetic agent as a team member may lead teams to demonstrate different coordination patterns resulting in differences in team cognition and ultimately team effectiveness. The theory of Interactive Team Cognition (ITC) emphasizes the importance of team interaction behaviors over the collection of individual knowledge. In this dissertation, Nonlinear Dynamical Methods (NDMs) were applied to capture characteristics of overall team coordination and communication behaviors. The findings supported the hypothesis that coordination stability is related to team performance in a nonlinear manner with optimal performance associated with moderate stability coupled with flexibility. Thus, we need to build mechanisms in HATs to demonstrate moderately stable and flexible coordination behavior to achieve team-level goals under routine and novel task conditions. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Engineering 2017

No description available.

No description available.