Document polyvalent, la thèse a pour ambition de démontrer que le détail juridique que la facture constitue en apparence, peut masquer des problématiques épineuses. La facture a été victime d'un détournement de fonction en raison de la pratique courante de l'insertion de données qui ne figureraient pas sur une facture rudimentaire. Il y a eu une inflation de la charge juridique contenue dans le document. C'est la possibilité du « phénomène contentieux » autour de l'acceptation d'une clause insérée dans la facture qui a permis à cette dernière d'intégrer la sphère contractuelle. Ce mouvement inflationniste s'est doublé d'une appropriation étatique du document. La juridicité du document a été renforcée par le législateur au nom d'un renforcement des conditions de libre concurrence conférant alors au document une dimension technique. Le document est alors marqué du sceau de l'autonomie, celle-ci menaçant alors d'autres droits fondamentaux et notamment, le principe de légalité, au nom d'une transparence invasive. La facture est alors sans aucun doute alors une image double. Ce qui saisit, c'est la trajectoire vécue par un document plus que polyvalent ayant pour point de départ une pratique naturelle et parvenant à un point d'arrivée technique et pesant. Le droit de la facture traduit fidèlement l'état d'un droit sous tension en ce que la législation obligatoire sur la facture est contraignante et ne répond pas aux exigences de sécurité juridique. / Versatile paper, the thesis aims to demonstrate that the legal detail that the bill is apparently can hide thorny issues. The bill was the victim of a function of diversion due to the common practice of inserting data that do not appear on a rudimentary bill. There was an inflation of legal charge contained in the document. It is the possibility of " disputes phenomenon " around the acceptance of a clause in the bill which allowed the latter to integrate the contractual sphere. However, this movement is accompanied by another paradigm shift, when the legislature wished to seize the invoice into a competitive tool. Juridicity document has been strengthened by the legislature in the name of strengthening the conditions of free competition while giving the document a technical dimension. The document is then marked with the seal of autonomy, it then threatening other human rights, including the principle of legality, on behalf of invasive transparency. The invoice is then undoubtedly be a double image. What grabs is the trajectory experienced by a paper more versatile than having to base a natural practice and achieving a technical point of arrival and weighing. The right of the bill accurately reflects the state of a power law in that mandatory legislation on the invoice is binding and does not meet the requirements of legal certainty .

Les choix des matériaux et de leurs procédés de mise en oeuvre connaissent et vont connaître des évolutions marquantes dans le monde de l’architecture. A l’époque actuelle, les évolutions sont largement induites par les techniques, mais aussi les représentations et les préceptes qui apparaissent avec l’émergence de la notion de développement durable dans notre société.Les outils d’aide à la conception existants à l’échelle des matériaux portent principalement sur les dimensions physiques (thermique, cycle de vie des matériaux, consommations, etc.). Nos travaux se questionnent sur l’intégration des dimensions techniques, écologiques et sensibles des matériaux dans un outil d’aide à la conception basé sur l’utilisation de la référence. L’activité référentielle est une approche propre aux phases initiales de projet. Ces phases correspondent aux premières propositions décisives, qui restent peu assistées par les outils numériques.Nos travaux visent à mettre en évidence les différentes caractéristiques des matériaux, mais surtout leurs interactions. Cette étude se distingue des approches classiques des matériaux, où généralement les différentes solutions constructives sont présentées matériau par matériau. En effet, nous nous basons sur une structuration de données et de connaissances interdisciplinaires (architecture, urbanisme, paysage, aspects esthétiques, aspects techniques, aspects cognitifs, approche de la perception, approche environnementale, etc.).Ces recherches tendent vers une première proposition d’un outil d’aide à la conception nommé DILEM’MAtériaux qui prend en compte les différentes dimensions des matériaux dans leur contribution à la genèse d’idées fondatrices, à la définition d’un ou des parti(s), ou concept(s) propres aux phases initiales de projet / The choice of materials and way of implementation is known and will be known as a significant growth in the world of architecture. Actually, changes are largely induced by technical dimension, but also representations and precepts that appear with the emergence of the concept of sustainable development in our society.Design support tools about materials scale focus on the physical dimensions (thermal, life cycle, refreshments, etc.). Our work is questioning the integration of technical, environmental and sensible dimensions in a design support tool based on reference. The referential activity is a specific approach in the initial phases of designing on a project. These phases correspond to crucial choice, which remain poorly assisted by digital tools.Our work aims to highlight the different characteristics of materials, but also their interactions. This study differs from conventional approaches of materials, which generally, constructive solutions are presented material by material. Indeed, we rely on a data structure and interdisciplinary knowledge (architecture, urbanism, landscape, aesthetic, technical, cognitive, perception approach, environmental approach, etc.).This research tends to be a first proposal for a design support tool named DILEM'MAtériaux that takes into account materials in their contribution to origin of founding ideas and definition of concept, in the initial phases of designing on a project.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-05-11T13:24:31Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) FERREIRA. LUCIANA AZEVEDO SOUZA -A DIMENSÃO TÉCNICO-OPERATIVA NA FORMAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL EM SERVIÇO SOCIAL EM INSTITUIÇÕES ~1.pdf: 1639344 bytes, checksum: 165ca049cdbdd9868652436ad72064c7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-11T13:24:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) FERREIRA. LUCIANA AZEVEDO SOUZA -A DIMENSÃO TÉCNICO-OPERATIVA NA FORMAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL EM SERVIÇO SOCIAL EM INSTITUIÇÕES ~1.pdf: 1639344 bytes, checksum: 165ca049cdbdd9868652436ad72064c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-31 / CNPq / A presente dissertação analisa a formação profissional em Serviço Social nas instituições de ensino superior presenciais do Maranhão, evidenciando a dimensão técnico-operativa da profissão articulada à totalidade, mais especificamente no que concerne às atribuições e competências, estabelecendo a mediação entre formação e exercício. Pretendeu-se chegar com a pesquisa, de forma mais ampliada, ao seguinte objetivo: analisar a dimensão técnico-operativa na formação profissional em Serviço Social em instituições presenciais do Maranhão, no bojo da reestruturação produtiva do capital, tendo como parâmetro as atribuições privativas e competências profissionais constantes nas Diretrizes Curriculares da ABEPSS e na Lei de Regulamentação da Profissão. Para ter assegurado tal objetivo, o marco temporal delimitado foram os anos de 2012 e 2013, e traçados os seguintes objetivos específicos: 1 - Analisar a abordagem da dimensão técnico-operativa da profissão explicitada pelas competências e atribuições privativas presentes no perfil profissional do assistente social almejado nas Diretrizes Curriculares da ABEPSS e na Lei de Regulamentação da Profissão, tendo como pano de fundo a reestruturação produtiva do capital e seus desdobramentos nas políticas públicas educacionais mediante a reforma universitária e recente expansão da educação superior no Maranhão; 2 - Analisar a abordagem da dimensão técnico-operativa da profissão nas instituições de ensino superior presenciais do Maranhão, sob a ótica dos recém-formados, tendo como parâmetro as atribuições e competências profissionais. Assim, estuda-se como os recém-formados em instituições de ensino superior presenciais do Maranhão, que já estão inseridos no mercado de trabalho e com registros no Conselho Regional de Serviço Social (CRESS), avaliam a abordagem da dimensão técnico-operativa da profissão na formação, sobretudo no que tange às atribuições privativas e competências profissionais, ou seja, se estes identificam uma coerência entre o que é abordado na formação e o que consta no perfil profissional do Serviço Social explicitado nas Diretrizes Curriculares da ABEPSS e na Lei de Regulamentação da Profissão. Com tal análise problematiza-se a formação profissional em Serviço Social presencial no Maranhão no bojo da acumulação flexível explicitando suas particularidades, determinações, inflexões e desafios ao projeto ético-político do Serviço Social. / This research will analyze the professional degree in social work at higher education institutions face the Maranhao State in which it highlights the operativo technical dimension of the profession which is hinged to totality, more specifically within the assignments and skills, establishing mediation between graduation and professional practice. The research has achieved broadly this purpose: analyze the operativo technical dimension in professional degree of Social Work at higher education institutions face the Maranhao State in the contexto of productive capital restructuring and its parameter are private assignments and professional skills that are in the ABEPSS Curriculum Guidelines and Law regulating the profession. The objective is assured with the timeframe delimiting these years 2012 and 2013 and achieved such specific objectives: 1 To analyze the approach of the operativo technical dimensiono f the profession within the skills and private assignments presente in the professional profile of social worker in the ABEPSS Curriculum Guidelinse and Law regulating the profession in the contexto of productive restructurin of capital and its development in educational public policies by the university reform and new expansion of higher education in Maranhão. To analyze the approach of the operative technical dimension of the profession in higher educational institutions face of Maranhao State, from the perspective of new graduates through the assignments and professional skills. for both studied how recent graduates in higher education institutions face of Maranhao State, who are already in the labor market and records the Regional Council of Social Work evaluate the approach of the operative technical dimension of preofession, mainly within the private assignments and professional skills, that is if they identify a coherence between what is covered in the graduation and what part of the professional profile of Social work explained in the ABEPSS curriculum guidelines and law regulating the profession. With such analysis discusses about professional degree in social work face in Maranhao state Você quis dizer: no bojo da acumulação flexível explicando suas particularidades, determinações, inflexões e desafios ao projeto ético-político do Serviço Social. Evaluate the approach of the operative technical dimension of profession, mainly within the private assignments and professional skills, that is if they identify a coherence between what is covered in the graduation and what part of the professional profile of Social work explained in the ABEPSS curriculum guidelines and law regulating the profession. With such analysis discusses about professional degree in social work face in Maranhao state in the midst of flexible accumulation explaining its peculiarities, determinations, inflections and challenges to the ethical-political project of Social Work.