The aim of this thesis is to discuss the concepts of public diplomacy and nation branding, find the link between them, and examine their effect on the economic development in Estonia. This thesis provides a thorough overview of relevant liter- ature on NB and PD. To dive into the practical part of nation branding it discusses the case of globally accepted, effective NB initiatives of Singapore. Moreover, it discusses Estonian's NB campaigns and four main instruments of PD and con- ducts economic analysis to examine the effects of NB and PD in Estonian economy from building credibility and international awareness points of view. To make the economic analysis more valuable and visually comprehensible, all discussed mi- croeconomic and macroeconomic indicators are captured for all three Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania). Both qualitative and quantitative methodolo- gies are used to answer the research question and hypotheses. The study found that NB and PD in Estonia positively affect the reaffirmation of national identity, facilitate business development, and increase international visibility which in turn ensures economic development in the country. Even though various other play- ers and factors are involved in the process of economic development, effectively designed NP and PD could...

Firms which adapt new manufacturing technologies, such as flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) or computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) and concepts such as just-in-time (JIT), can expect to exert a significant influence on various stakeholder groups. Additionally, innovative accounting systems which are currently being developed to monitor and evaluate the performance of manufacturing systems will have a direct impact on certain stakeholder constituencies. Uses stakeholder theory as a basis for explaining the complex relationships among the firm and various constituencies or stakeholders. Major stakeholder groups include educators, auditors, trainers, line managers, human resource managers, suppliers, customers, stockholders, labour unions, the financial community, government, local community organizations, environmentalists, employees, directors, management and bondholders. The needs of the various groups are placed in the context of the new global competitive environment.

Brazil is one of the largest biomass producers in the world, thus it has a huge potential for biogas production across all its territory. Nowadays, biogas production remains largely unexplored, representing just a small fraction of its potential. The adoption of biogas technologies has grown over the past years, but it is unevenly distributed across Brazilian states. This master thesis investigates the conditions under which the widespread diffusion of biogas technologies can be enabled in the Brazilian context by looking at the factors that influence the adoption of biogas technologies and why it differs across the Brazilian territory. Technological innovation systems (TIS), societal embedding, and diffusion of innovation theory are combined in the theoretical framework to create a broad understanding of the diffusion process of biogas technologies in Brazil. While TIS focusses on what are the functions been performed within the system, Societal embedding contributes to the understanding of why technological diffusion may not happen in the same way in different regions and how technologies are rooted in society. Diffusion of innovation theory adds to the importance of individual choices and strategies in the adoption of technologies. A comparative case study was design between the states São Paulo and Paraná. 16 semi-structured interviews served as the main research instrument with the support of document studies. When looking at the factors that could impact the adoption of biogas technologies the presence of specialized actors that can offer technical support to the implementation of projects locally proved to be positive considering that biogas technologies are still novel in Brazil. The unreliability of the energy grid in rural regions also favours the adoption of biogas technologies for electricity generation in agriculture properties that can combined waste treatment with energy security. Access to financial and human resources is still the largest barrier for the diffusion of biogas technologies. Financial institutions are at large unprepared to offer good conditions for the implementation of biogas projects, mainly because they do not understand the singularities of these projects. The adoption of biogas technologies in the case studies was mainly dictated by the economic activities in place, which shaped the view on biogas technologies. The complexities of the regulatory environment in Brazil could explain why electricity generation is still the main application of biogas technologies as the electricity market is regulated at national level while gas markets are the responsibility of individual states. When biogas technologies are portraited as a tool for sustainable development, other advantages of these technologies are highlighted – environmental and social benefits such as waste treatment and job creation – creating a better claim for biogas technologies which could boost adoption.

PICMET 2016 - Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology: Technology Management For Social Innovation, Proceedings4 January 2017, Article number 7806767, Pages 1976-19822016 Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology, PICMET 2016; Honolulu; United States; 4 September 2016 through 8 September 2016; Category numberCFP16766-ART; Code 125891 / In order to establish networks of cooperation looking for not to duplicate research and even to make use of existing research in a remote form, it is necessary to identify and classify (around the world) the researchers and laboratories, that are researching in the topic of solar refrigeration by absorption/adsorption. The methodology consists in: i) the technology's classification, ii) technological trajectory Identification, iii) a thematic bibliographic review, and iv) patent's analysis. In this way, with the previous determination of keywords, will be identified main authors and their respective institutions. With the same keywords, are determined the licensed patents (in certain span of time). In addition, the analysis of publications, patents, and commercial products give us an opportunity to establish comparisons between prototypes and tests (in several conditions). The larger results implicate the use of actor's network and the remote access to the data and tests, for a collaborative research, overcoming the lack of laboratory resource and accelerating the knowledge acquisition / Revisión por pares

This paper investigates the viability of a machine learning model based on similarities in text structure compared to one based on statistical properties in the text to detect cheating in digital examinations. The machine learning model comparing similarity in text structure used Levenstein distance and the one comparing statistical text properties compared cosine distance between word vectors. The paper also investigates whether security has been a driving force impacting the industrial dynamics of the digitalization of examinations in Sweden. This is done using the multi-level perspective framework and interviewing users of a digital examination platform. The results show that the machine learning model based on statistical text properties has a higher accuracy, recall, precision and F-score. Nothing is concluded from this, however, due to discussion of validity of the results from the machine learning model based on the similarities in text structure. The analysis of the industrial dynamics shows that security has been a driving force towards digitalization.

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Yes / Despite the growing research on the performance implications of technological and organizational innovation, our understanding of how they impact SMEs’ international performance is limited. Drawing from the dynamic capability and the institutional theories, this study argues that technological and organizational innovation has a synergistic effect on international performance and that this effect is contingent on unique domestic institutional factors. We test this model using structural equation modeling on a sample of 204 internationalized SMEs operating in Ghana. The findings from the analysis show that high levels of organizational and technological innovation jointly improve SMEs’ international performance. In addition, the results show that institutional environment specificity and institutional environment enforceability enhance the complementary effect of organizational and technological innovation on the international performance of SMEs. The theoretical and managerial implications of the findings are discussed.

Yes / In today’s rapidly changing business landscape, organizations increasingly invest in different technologies to enhance their innovation capabilities. Among the technological investment, a notable development is the applications of big data analytics (BDA), which plays a pivotal role in supporting firms’ decision-making processes. Big data technologies are important factors that could help both exploratory and exploitative innovation, which could affect the efforts to combat climate change and ease the shift to green energy. However, studies that comprehensively examine BDA’s impact on innovation capability and technological cycle remain scarce. This study therefore investigates the impact of BDA on innovation capability, technological cycle, and firm performance. It develops a conceptual model, validated using CB-SEM, through responses from 356 firms. It is found that both innovation capability and firm performance are significantly influenced by big data technology. This study highlights that BDA helps to address the pressing challenges of climate change mitigation and the transition to cleaner and more sustainable energy sources. However, our results are based on managerial perceptions in a single country. To enhance generalizability, future studies could employ a more objective approach and explore different contexts. Multidimensional constructs, moderating factors, and rival models could also be considered in future studies.

This dissertation presents a novel methodology to examine the evolution of green production capabilities for 226 countries between 2003 and 2017 based on spillovers between the sectors. It identifies the growth potential of sectors and the key sectors driving the spillovers of production capabilities. Moreover, it delves into the patterns observed in the evolution of these capabilities, considering the diverse economic classifications. Lastly, it focuses on 72 developing countries that face unique challenges in pursuing green economic growth, exploring the effect of technological innovations on the spillovers of production capabilities within their green sectors. Three key hypotheses are investigated: the first is how non-green production capabilities significantly contribute to the spillovers of production capabilities into green sectors. Second is how spillovers of production capabilities from the green sectors follow a path-defying evolution pattern, while those from the non-green sectors adhere to a path-dependent evolution. Third is how technological innovations have a positive and significant effect on the spillovers of existing non-green production capabilities into green sectors but have no significant effect on the spillovers of production capabilities between green sectors. Using a novel methodology, the 'Green Sector Space,' statistical analysis, and Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling, the findings highlight significant disparities in green production capabilities in developing economies compared to other economic classifications. Additionally, non-green sectors' significant and dominant role in driving the spillovers of production capabilities into the green sectors, with a significantly higher dominance observed in developing countries. Finally, the results underscore how technological innovations have a significant and positive effect on the spillovers of production capabilities from non-green to green sectors in developing countries, which exhibits a path-dependent evolution pattern. Conversely, does not affect the spillovers between the green sectors. Recommendations are also provided in developing countries to leverage technological innovations in accelerating their green growth.

Tese defendida pela pesquisa na Universidad Nacional de Misiones / Submitted by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2016-10-25T13:44:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 daisy_tese.pdf: 3796196 bytes, checksum: a7267279e77fc9ae844b01b7b4ca4278 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-26T11:03:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 daisy_tese.pdf: 3796196 bytes, checksum: a7267279e77fc9ae844b01b7b4ca4278 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / The main aim of this study is to investigate if the NITs (Technological Innovation Nucleus) as part of a public policy of the national system of technological innovation have a relevant role in the social and economic Brazilian development. Assumes that to incorporate research and development into the innovative goods and services production points out to a growth perspective of the social per capta wealth and work productivity. Argues that in Brazil, developing nation, it represents a path towards the overcomig of social inequalities since, conditioned to the diffusion of a type of management that makes possible to combine the innovation culture to with a culture for the human development, without dissociating it from the "Principle of Responsibility" in accordance with Hans Jonas concerning the "duty" referring to human conduct. In this sense, it explores as theoretical framework, science, technology and innovation in the context of the National Innovation System, the organizational culture and the public policy evaluation. The methodological design, rooted on the identification of organizational cultures typologies and its linkages to the productivities criteria, proposes to add to the traditional administration criteria, efficiency, efficacy, ad a reinterpretation of effectiveness, by adding them to the philosophical criteria of relevance of the humane. Qualitative research is chosen, rooted in the quantitative method (questionnaire) and qualitative (interviews), to identify the cultural typologies that prevail in the public NITs of the Rio de Janeiro State. Supported by the experimental method, it is presented an evaluation and technological innovation management building model, allied to the meaning proposed in this study. Conclusions, recognize that the NITs, mostly, have very capable managers concerning the scientific research techniques althogh they develop a management approach isolated from the research existing environment in the ICTs and, even worse of the market. So it is shown taht the main dificulties were not present in the such management wich a bureaucratic culture brings to the innovation environment, although presents some idiosyncrasies from the bureaucratic culture as the decision making model and the hierarchical structure are present. They are conscious of the need to amplify their management action toward results, but They don’t necessarely consider, yet, the criteria of effectiveness and relevance in the same sense of this study one. / El estudio tiene como objetivo investigar si los NIT, como parte de la política del Sistema Nacional de Innovación Tecnológica, poseen un papel relevante en el desarrollo económico y social brasileño. Asume que incorporar investigación y desarrollo en la producción de bienes y servicios innovadores, apunta hacia una perspectiva de crecimiento de la productividad del trabajo y de la riqueza per cápita en la sociedad. Defiende que en Brasil, nación en desarrollo, representa un camino en el sentido de vencer las desigualdades sociales, dado que, condicionadas a la difusión de un tipo de gestión que permita aliar la cultura de la innovación a la cultura de la formación humana, sin disociarlo del “Principio Responsabilidad” de Jonas en lo que concierne al “deber “referente a la conducta humana. En este sentido explora como marco teórico a la ciencia, la tecnología y la innovación en el contexto del Sistema Nacional de Innovación, la cultura organizacional y la evaluación de las políticas públicas. El diseño metodológico, anclado en la identificación de las tipologías de la cultura organizacional y su vinculo con los criterios de productividad, propone agregar a los criterios tradicionales en la administración, eficiencia y eficacia, una relectura de efectividad, sumándolos al criterio filosófico de la relevancia del ser humano. En este sentido se opta por la investigación cualitativa basada en el método cuantitativo (cuestionario) y cualitativo (entrevista) para identificar las tipologías culturales que prevalecen en los NIT públicos del estado de Rio de Janeiro. Amparado en el método experimental, se presenta un modelo de evaluación y de construcción de la gestión de la innovación tecnológica, aliado al sentido defendido en este estudio. Se concluye, reconociendo que los NIT, en su mayoría, poseen gestores muy capacitados en relación a las técnicas involucradas en los asuntos de investigación, pero desarrollan una gestión de manera aislada de lo cotidiano del entrono de la investigación en las ICT e, inclusive, del mercado. Asimismo se constata que no se muestran presentes en la gestión las principales dificultades que una cultura burocrática proporciona al entorno de la innovación, aunque presenta algunas idiosincrasias provenientes de la cultura burocrática como modelo del proceso decisorio y la estructura jerarquizada. Son conscientes de la necesidad de DIRECIONAR el foco de acción gerencial para los resultados, pero no consideran, necesariamente, los criterios de efectividad y DA relevancia en el sentido PARA O QUAL se orienta este estudio.