Submitted by Gabriela Lopes (gmachadolopesufpel@gmail.com) on 2017-03-24T15:50:08Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO_GPZ_versãofinal.pdf: 1750560 bytes, checksum: 45861d58aabcf6100696f8b44e555dea (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2017-03-28T20:23:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 DISSERTAÇÃO_GPZ_versãofinal.pdf: 1750560 bytes, checksum: 45861d58aabcf6100696f8b44e555dea (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-28T20:23:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 DISSERTAÇÃO_GPZ_versãofinal.pdf: 1750560 bytes, checksum: 45861d58aabcf6100696f8b44e555dea (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / A demanda por produtos com características semelhantes àquelas das frutas in natura vem sendo uma tendência atual, devido à divulgação dos benefícios trazidos por uma dieta rica em compostos bioativos. Nesse contexto, os sucos ganham espaço no mercado, especialmente quando se amplia a disponibilidade de compostos bioativos. Assim uma das possibilidades é associar aos sucos de maçã pequenos frutos como amora, framboesa e morango, que são ricas fontes de compostos com propriedades antioxidantes, além de fornecer diferenciadas características sensoriais. Com isso, objetivou-se desenvolver suco integral de maçã e suco de maçã com adição de pequenos frutos, avaliando as características físicoquímicas e sensoriais. O trabalho foi realizado em três etapas: 1) desenvolvimento de suco integral de maçã das cultivares Fuji, Gala, Granny Smith e Pink Lady; 2) adição individual de 5, 10, 15 e 20 % amora, framboesa e morango ao suco de maçã ‘Gala’; 3) produção de suco integral de maçã ‘Gala’ com adição individual de 5 % de cada pequeno fruto. Na primeira etapa, observou-se que o suco de maçã ‘Granny Smith’ apresentou maior acidez e maior presença de compostos bioativos. A menor acidez foi evidenciada para o suco da cv. Gala. O suco da cv. Fuji, apresentou maior quantidade de açúcares totais. Em relação à aceitabilidade o suco de maçã ‘Gala’ e ‘Fuji’ tiveram as melhores notas. Com isso, escolheu-se o suco de maçã ‘Gala’ para aplicação de diferentes concentrações de pequenos frutos. Na segunda etapa, podese perceber que as maiores concentrações de pequenos frutos adicionados ao sucos de maçã resultaram em menores notas na avaliação sensorial, demonstrando que a adição de mais do que 10 % de pequenos frutos pode causar depreciação sensorial dos sucos. Na terceira etapa observou que a adição de amora e de morango ao suco de maçã proporcionou o incremento de 18,5 % e 16,2 %, respectivamente, no teor de compostos fenólicos totais. Os principais compostos fenólicos individuais detectados nos sucos de maçã e nos sucos adicionados de pequenos frutos foram ácido cafeico, ácido ferúlico, ácido cumárico e ácido gálico, os quais são importantes antioxidantes. A adição de pequenos frutos proporcionou o incremento de antocianinas ao suco de maçã, a amora forneceu o acréscimo de pelargonidina, cianidinas e keracianina. Quanto aos aspectos sensoriais, a adição de amora e framboesa proporcionaram maior aceitação para o atributo cor, e para o sabor o suco de maçã com morango, o suco de maçã integral e suco de maçã com amora tiveram melhor aceitabilidade. De forma geral, foi observado que a adição de pequenos frutos ao suco de maçã obteve boa aceitação e contribuiu para o aumento do teor de compostos bioativos, sendo uma boa alternativa para o enriquecimento do suco de maçã em compostos potencialmente benéficos à saúde, além de promover maior diversificação de produtos derivados de maçã. / The demand for products with characteristics similar to fresh fruits has been a current trend, due to the announcing of the benefits brought by a diet rich in bioactive compounds. In this context, juices gain market, especially when they expand the availability of bioactive compounds. Thus, one of the possibilities is to associate green apple juice with blackberry, raspberry, and strawberry, which are rich sources of compounds with antioxidant properties, and additionally provide unique sensory characteristics. The objective of this study was to develop integral apple juice and apple juice with the addition of small fruits, and to characterize their physicochemical and sensory characteristics. The work was developed in three steps: 1) apple integral juice development using cultivars Fuji, Gala, Granny Smith and Pink Lady; 2) individual addition of 5, 10, 15, and 20% blackberry, raspberry, and strawberry pulp to apple juice ‘Gala’; 3) production of whole apple juice 'Gala' with individuality of 5 % of each small fruit. In the first step, it was observed that 'Granny Smith' juice presented the highest acidity and greatest bioactive content. The lowest acidity was observed for the cv. Gala and the highest sugar content was found in cv. Fuji juice. 'Gala' and 'Fuji' juices had the highest acceptability rates. Therefore 'Gala' was chosen for the application of different concentrations of small fruits. In the second step of the study, it could be noticed that the higher the concentration of small fruits added to the apple juice the lower the sensory evaluation scores, demonstrating that the addition of more than 10 % of small fruits can cause sensorial depreciation of the juices. In the third step, it was observed that the addition of blackberry and strawberry to apple juice contributed to an increase of total phenolic content of 18.5% and 16.2%, respectively. The main individual phenolic compounds detected in apple juices and juices added of small fruits were caffeic acid, ferulic acid, coumaric acid, and gallic acid, important antioxidant compounds. The addition of small fruits contributed to an increase in anthocyanin content in the apple juice; blackberry contributed with increases in pelargonidin, cyanidins, and keracyanin contents. As for the sensory, the addition of blackberry and raspberry contributed to a greater acceptance for the color attribute. Apple juice with strawberry, whole apple juice, and apple juice with blackberry had the best taste acceptability. In general, it was observed that addition of small fruits to apple juice promoted good acceptance and contributed to the increase bioactive compound content. These blends constitute a good alternative for the enrichment of apple juice in health beneficial compounds and promote a greater diversification of apple products.

La présente étude explore le problème, curieusement peu étudié en gestion, de l'innovation dans le développement des applications Web. En partant de la distinction entre innovation par « l'usager » (U) et innovation par « l'industriel/entrepreneur » (E) et en utilisant une approche de « phenomenon-based research », elle identifie un troisième acteur, le « développeur » (D), dont l'action se positionne entre les deux autres. Trois figures d'acteur sont proposées pour le décrire : celle de l'usager-développeur (UD), de l'usager-développeur-entrepreneur (UDE) et du développeur-entrepreneur (DE).Cette grille de lecture (U, D, E) est testée, dans la 2ème Partie, sur le cas de trois industries dont on peut retracer l'histoire, depuis leur genèse jusqu'à des stades de maturité avancés : l'industrie des radiocommuni- cations, celle du PC, celle de l'ordinateur d'entreprise. L'importance du rôle joué par l'acteur D identifié se retrouve dans chacune de ces 3 industries. Les étapes de développement de chacune de ces industries peuvent être lues comme une suite d'innovations liées à des acteurs différents - successivement : UDs, UDEs, DEs - jusqu'à l'étape de proposition de rationalisations par des entreprises (Es) puis d'autonomisation de chacun trois acteurs U, D, E.Dans la phase de maturité intermédiaire que connaît le Web où sont déjà apparues des entreprises spéciali- sées E mais où les développeurs D continuent à exister sous les formes riches de DEs ou d'UDEs, se pose la question pour les entreprises de savoir comment mobiliser et gérer l'activité de ces développeurs à des fins d'innovation. Trois formes de gestion sont identifiées dans la 3ème Partie. La première méthode consiste à favoriser l'auto-révélation de ces acteurs. La seconde consiste à mobiliser ces acteurs dans des actions éphé- mères visant l'exploration du potentiel d'un service donné. La dernière consiste à animer une communauté de développeurs qui utilisent déjà la technologie de l'entreprise pour les encourager à développer des applications sur la base de cette technologie.Mots clés : développement des applications Web, innovation par les usagers, innovation par les industriels, entrepreneurs, développement industriel, potentiel technologique. / He current study explores the curiously not much studied in management problem of innovation of contemporary Web-based applications. Starting from the distinction between user (U) and manufacturer/entrepreneur (E) innovation and using a phenomenon-based research approach, it identifies a third actor, the developer (D), whose action is found to lie in-between the two. Three actor figures are proposed for his description: user-developer (UD), user-developer-entrepreneur (UDE) and developer- entrepreneur (DE).This interpretative framework (U, D, E) is tested in the second part on the cases of three industries, where it enables a tracing of their history, from their birth to their maturity: radio industry, PC industry and enterprise computer industry. The important role of D actor is identified in all three settings. Their development phases can be read as a sequence of innovations related to different actors, UDs, UDEs and DEs successively, until the proposition of a rationalisation by enterprises (Es) and leading to the independence of the three actors, U, D, E.During the intermediate maturity phase of the Web, where expert enterprises Es have appeared, yet the de- velopers Ds remain under the forms of DEs or UDEs, the question posed for enterprises is how to harness their activity for innovation. Three management modes are identified in the third part. The first method consists in fostering the self-revelation of these actors. The second consists in harnessing their action using ephemeral settings for the exploration of the potential of a given service. The last consists in animating a community of developers already using the enterprise's technology to encourage them in developing applications on the basis of this technology.

Description of basic principle of water jet unconventional method. Description and characteristics of water jet machining. Analysis of technological potential and operation severity. Status quo and future in the Czech Republic industry condition. Comparison of water jet to other jet methods.

Ein wichtiger Aspekt bei der Beurteilung und Gegenüberstellung von Fahrzeugantriebskonzepten sind Prognosen zu deren zukünftigen Entwicklung hinsichtlich gesellschaftlicher, ökonomischer und technischer Kriterien. Zukünftige technologische Potenziale von Fahrzeugantriebskonzepten und damit verbundene technologische Begleitaspekte nehmen hierbei eine wichtige Rolle im Rahmen der Antriebskonzipierung der frühen Konzeptphase ein. In dieser Arbeit wird eine in weiten Teilen simulationsbasierte Methodik für die Ermittlung und Analyse entsprechender Potenziale entwickelt. Die Methodik bildet dabei eine Kombination aus Expertenbefragungen und einer Metaanalyse für die Identifikation von Prognosen zu Antriebsstrangkomponenten sowie Verfahren der Modellierung und Simulation für die Ermittlung von Prognosen zu Fahrzeugantriebskonzepten. Die Praxistauglichkeit sowie der Nutzen der Methodik werden anhand von zwei exemplarischen Anwendungen präsentiert. Die erste Anwendung umfasst die Analyse eines beispielhaften PHEVs hinsichtlich der zukünftigen Potenziale im Bereich des Kraftstoffverbrauchs und der rein elektrischen Reichweite. Die zweite Analyse stellt ein exemplarisches BEV und ein FCHEV in Bezug auf die zukünftigen Potenziale hinsichtlich der Reichweite und der Antriebsstrangherstellkosten gegenüber. Darüber hinaus erfolgen in beiden Anwendungen Analysen zu Grenzpotenzialen, technologischen Ursachen, Fehlereinflüssen und weiteren technologischen Fragestellungen.:1 Einleitung 2 Forschungsumfeld, Handlungsbedarf und Vorgehensweise 3 Grundlagen, technischer Stand und Perspektiven der Fahrzeugantriebstechnologien 4 Methodisches Vorgehen und Methodikaufbau 5 Anforderungsspezifische Modellierung im Simulationsmodell 6 Prognosen zu Antriebsstrangkomponenten 7 Systematische Analyse der zukünftigen Potenziale von Antriebskonzepten 8 Anwendung und Ergebnisdiskussion 9 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick A Programmiertechnische Umsetzung B Bewertung von Antriebskonzepten C Datenbasis und Ergebnisse der Methodikanwendung / An important aspect in the assessment and comparison of vehicle powertrain concepts are forecasts with respect to the future development of these concepts regarding societal, economical as well as technological criteria. In this context, future technological potentials of vehicle powertrain concepts and related technological issues and effects play an important role, especially within the early powertrain conception phase. This work presents a mainly simulation-based methodology for the evaluation und analysis of respective technological potentials. The methodology comprises a combination of expert surveys and a meta-analysis for the identification of powertrain component forecasts and methods in the field of modelling and simulation for the evaluation of powertrain concept forecasts. Two exemplary applications are conducted to present the practicability and utility of the methodology. The first one comprises the analysis of an exemplary PHEV regarding its future potentials with respect to the fuel consumption and the purely electric range. Within the second one, an exemplary BEV and an exemplary FCHEV are compared with regard to future range and powertrain costs potentials. In addition to that, within both methodology applications, analyses with respect to technological limits, technological reasons, fault effects and further technological issues are conducted.:1 Einleitung 2 Forschungsumfeld, Handlungsbedarf und Vorgehensweise 3 Grundlagen, technischer Stand und Perspektiven der Fahrzeugantriebstechnologien 4 Methodisches Vorgehen und Methodikaufbau 5 Anforderungsspezifische Modellierung im Simulationsmodell 6 Prognosen zu Antriebsstrangkomponenten 7 Systematische Analyse der zukünftigen Potenziale von Antriebskonzepten 8 Anwendung und Ergebnisdiskussion 9 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick A Programmiertechnische Umsetzung B Bewertung von Antriebskonzepten C Datenbasis und Ergebnisse der Methodikanwendung