Thesis (MA (English))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The end of the second millennium saw a sudden return to corporeality, especially within feminist scholarship, where embodiment and issues surrounding the body were, for the first time, made explicit. This study examines the corporeal body in relation to technology and the impact that newly emerging virtual technologies have on our understanding of the body, not only through examining representations of the technologically modified body, but also by exploring how contemporary cultural practices produce corporeal bodies that view themselves as somehow integrated with technology. It focuses on the material artefacts of contemporary culture in relation to explicitly virtual technologies, both arguing for a return to corporeality and contesting the pervasive trope of disembodiment that characterises so-called “posthuman” age. This study thus takes one of the most popular metaphors for the relationship between the corporeal body and technology as its starting point, namely Donna Haraway’s cyborg figures. Following the publication of Haraway’s “A Manifesto for Cyborgs” (1985), the female cyborg became an icon of emancipation for many feminist scholars, who utilised Haraway’s cyborg discourse as a means of discussing the cultural practices that both construct and limit female gendered identity. Through closely examining the metaphor of Haraway’s cyborg figures in relation to cultural representations of female cyborg bodies, this study argues that, ultimately, the metaphor of the cyborg is inherently neither challenging nor liberating. It then examines the failure of the cyborg as an icon of postgenderedness in terms of its negation of the corporeal, as cyborg figures paradoxically only strengthen the same Cartesian dualism Haraway’s cyborg discourse attempts to deconstruct. It explores representations of three female cyborg figures found in contemporary popular culture to illustrate how the cyborg body’s negation of the corporeal only results in the reiteration of conventional gendered stereotypes, rather than liberation from oppressive gendered practices. Finally, this study examines the crucial interplay between the corporeal and the technological, not only when speaking of more imaginary cyborg configurations and tropes, but also when speaking of the physical reality of lived bodies and embodied experiences. By examining the increasingly embodied nature of cyberspace, this study explores possible alternatives to the figure of the hypersexualised and disembodied cyborg, through investigating new figurations with which to describe the embodied postmodern subject and his/her dependence on technology. Since the central task for a feminist ethics of embodiment would be grounded in the project of representing the female body, in such a way that it constructs autonomous women’s representations without falling prey to patriarchal, stereotypical or estranging images of women’s bodies, this study concludes with more useful methods of representing the corporeal body in relation to virtual technology through an appeal to an ethics of embodiment. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die einde van die tweede millennium het ‘n skielike belangstelling in beliggaamdheid ontlok, veral binne feministiese vakgeleerdheid, waar beliggaamdheid en kwessies rondom die ligaam vir die eerste keer eksplisiet gestel is. Hierdie studie ondersoek die stoflike liggaam in verhouding tot tegnologie en die invloed wat nuwe, virtuele tegnologiëe op ons begrip van die liggaam het, nie slegs deur voorstellings van die tegnologies-gemodifieërde ligaam te ondersoek nie, maar deur ook te kyk na hoe kontemporêre kulturele praktyke beliggaamde subjekte produseer wat huself op een of ander wyse as geïntegreerd met tegnologie sien. Die studie fokus op die materiële artefakte van kontemporêre kultuur in verhouding tot eksplisiet virtuele tegnologiëe. Dit bevorder ‘n terugkeer tot beliggaamdheid, terwyl dit teen die sogenaamde “postmenslike” era se mees kenmerkende troop van ontliggaamdheid argumenteer. Die studie begin dus deur een van die mees populêre metafore vir die verhouding tussen die liggaamlike en die tegnologiese te ondersoek, naamlik Donna Haraway se siborgfigure. Sedert die publikasie van Haraway se “A Manifesto for Cyborgs” (1985), het verskeie feministiese vakgeleerdes die vroulike siborg-figuur beide as ’n ikoon vir emansipasie beskou en gebruik om die kulturele praktyke wat vroulike geslagsidentiteit gelyktydig konstrueer én beperk te bespreek. Deur Haraway se siborg-figure met kulturele voorstellings van vroulike siborg-liggame te vergelyk, kom hierdie studie tot die gevolgtrekking dat die metafoor van die siborg inherent nóg uitdaagend nóg bevrydend is. Gevolglik ondersoek die studie die onbevoegdheid van die siborg-figuur as ‘n ikoon vir postgeslagtigheid in terme van die siborg-liggaam se negering van beliggaamdheid, aangesien siborg-figure op ‘n paradoksale wyse die selfde Cartesiaanse dualisme versterk wat Haraway se siborg-diskoers wou dekonstrueer. Dit ondersoek voorstellings van drie vroulike siborg-figure in kontemporêre populêre kultuur om te illustreer hoe die siborgliggaam se negering van beliggaamdheid slegs konvensionele geslagstereotipes versterk, eerder as om ons van beperkende, patriargale geslagspraktyke te bevry. Ten slotte ondersoek hierdie studie die deurslaggewende tussenspel tussen die ligaamlike en die tegnologiese, nie slegs in terme van meer denkbeeldige siborg tropes nie, maar ook in terme van die fisiese reailiteit van konkrete, beliggaamde lewenservaringe. Deur die toenemend beliggaamde kwaliteit van kiberruimtes te ondersoek, stel hierdie studie moontlike alternatiewe maniere voor om die postmoderne subjek en sy/haar afhanklikheid van tegnologie te beskryf, eerder as om op ontliggaamde en hipergeseksualiseerde siborg-figure staat te maak. Aangesien ‘n feministiese beliggaamde etiek gegrond is in ‘n projek om die vroulike liggaam op só ‘n wyse voor te stel dat patriargale, stereotipiese of vervreemdbare beelde van die vroulike liggaam vermy word, eindig hierdie studie met meer nuttige metodes om die stoflike liggaam in verhouding tot virtuele tegnologie voor te stel deur ‘n beroep tot ‘n meer beliggaamde etiek te maak.

Rural community media are identified as a critical component of the rural community communication process. These SMMEs are however struggling to achieve sustainability and operate effectively due to the various challenges and constraints impacting them. This study seeks to address this by developing a Rural Community Media Mobile Social Networking Framework that will create a virtual community of practice for the purposes of support of rural entrepreneurs in small, medium and macro enterprises (SMMES) in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The author has specifically scoped this research to focus on Rural Community Media as a specialised subsegment of entrepreneurs operating in rural areas. The reasons for this decision were in part due to the effect and impact of community media on socio-economic development due to the role they play in enabling access to information and knowledge and giving a voice to poor and isolated communities The study proposes that provision of access to relevant information and knowledge via a mobile social networking framework would assist in cutting implementation costs through utilisation of a platform that is already there (known as rural community media). This study is scoped to focus specifically on rural community media with fieldwork conducted in the province of the Eastern Cape, South Africa. In summary the Research Methodology applied is as follows: - Research Philosophy: The interpretive research philosophy was chosen for this study - Research Design: This study will apply qualitative design - Research Approach: The case study approach will be used in the study - Data Collection Techniques: Source data will be comprised of primary and secondary data. Primary data will be collected through implementation of a questionnaire and expert reviews, while the secondary data will be collected through literature review. Hermeneutics will be used as the data collection technique in this study. - Data analysis: Cross-case data analysis will be applied Key findings included that rural community media already utilise mobile technology and social media/networking to conduct business. Rural community media required access to information and knowledge pertaining to internal business process, funding, governance, training and access to skilled resources. Mobile social networking is identified as a suitable vehicle for delivery. A Rural Community Media Social Networking Framework was developed as a result of this study. Framework elements were supported, and in some cases modified, by case study findings and expert review feedback.

Thesis (MTech (Design))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011. / Many studies have been conducted on the interaction between environments and relevant information in the field of interaction design. Most of these studies are focused on increasing the awareness of technology, information and the interaction between them. This awareness could negatively lead to an increase in information overload where each bit of information is competing to be the centre of a person's attention. This information overload gets compounded even more when a person is in a public place because of the amount of available commercial information like billboards, digital displays and printed media which are constantly pushing information into the space. Cognitive studies have shown that human beings have a limit to the amount of information they can consciously focus on and process. When a person reaches information saturation, the quality of their decision-making ability deteriorates drastically (Bray, 2008). Information overload can lead to a situation called decision paralysis. The research proposed an investigation into the possibility of decreasing information overload through the use of calm computing. Relevant information could be pushed to the periphery where it could be accessed or attended to when it was needed. It was argued that when the intake of peripheral information could become an unconscious activity, mainly through the use of ubiquitous computing, more attention could be given to other important activities like increasing social interaction in public spaces.

Thesis (DTech (Informatics))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015. / Governments of the developing world, including South Africa, have a strong commitment and resolve to accelerate the rollout of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to achieve developmental benefits in communities. Consequently both government and the private sector are delivering a number of interventions in South Africa based on Information and Communication Technologies for Development (ICT4D). Hard evidence regarding the development benefits of ICT4D interventions is lacking and there is little agreement on measures to evaluate the benefits of such projects. One possible reason for this is that there are no established evaluation frameworks to assess the benefits. Frameworks used in ICT4D evaluation are investigated in this study to ascertain their usefulness to identify benefits of ICT4D initiatives. Sen’s Capability Approach defines development as freedom. An example of such development can be the process of providing opportunities through ICT and meaningful ways to use these opportunities to realise various benefits. Tangible benefits are simple to identify (e.g. number of people using the public access centre, or number of people finding employment). Intangible benefits include the real ‘wins’—capabilities garnered through access and meaningful use of ICT, leading to the recognition of new opportunities for the users of the public access centres. Sen’s Capability Approach is operationalised, demonstrating the inclusion of a person’s agency and conversion factors that inhibit or enhance utilisation of opportunities and choices in realising benefits. The SmartCape initiative is a 2002 ICT4D intervention established in the libraries of Cape Town, South Africa, and is used as a case in this research study. The libraries act as public access centres that provide free ICT and Internet access to library members in the community. Surveys completed by users of these centres provided useful quantitative data. A broad spectrum of qualitative data was gleaned from interviews and focus groups with users of the ICT centre at a recently established library and with focus groups from other centres in two underserved areas of Cape Town. Quantitative data analysis techniques applied to qualitative content data was used to investigate users’ diverse perceptions. An initial framework guided the analysis of data to identify the benefits realised by the users of the public access centre. Perceptions of a changed life, aspirations for a better life, and ‘hope’ emerged as intangible benefits. On the intangible side, the effect of keyboard proficiency, greater ease in finding information, and a preference for accessing the Internet at a public access centre emerged as having a significant effect on the hopefulness of PAC users. Two theme-groups were identified through using co- occurrences of themes and the statistical techniques of cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling. The Benefits-framework, produced by this study, based on Amartya Sen’s Capability Approach, represents the relationship between all the themes, includes emergent intangible benefits and can be used to identify the benefits of ICT4D interventions in public access centres. This study also produces empirical evidence of the developmental impact of the SmartCape ICT4D programme in Cape Town and thus provides evidence of its value.

Orientador: José Luiz Riani Costa / Banca: Marisa Silvana Zazzetta / Banca: Gabriel Adrian Sarriés / Resumo: A evolução tecnológica é marcada pelo advindo das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC) e por inovações tecnológicas de produtos já existentes. A inserção do idoso nesse cotidiano tecnológico é essencial para melhor utilização dessas TIC mais modernas e sofisticadas, demarcando novos papéis sociais que surgem com a preparação e durante o período de aposentadoria, fazendo com que o acesso a essas novas tecnologias, possa ampliar as fontes de informação, principalmente com relação à saúde e à rede de contatos. Assim sendo, a mesma pode ser uma aliada na busca pela melhor qualidade de vida, física e psíquica. Este estudo, de natureza qualiquantitativa, teve por objetivo analisar a utilização de novas tecnologias na preparação para a aposentadoria e no decorrer da mesma, bem como, avaliar as potencialidades e fragilidades causadas pelo uso destas tecnologias na saúde e na qualidade de vida desta população. A amostra foi composta por 40 participantes, divididos em dois grupos de 20 participantes (pré-aposentados e aposentados), com idade igual ou acima de 50 anos, de ambos os gêneros, residentes no município de Rio Claro-SP. O protocolo de avaliação foi composto pelas seguintes avaliações: questionário de dados cadastrais e anamnese, análise socioeconômico, avaliações cognitivas, avaliação dos sintomas depressivos, avaliação funcional, avaliação da utilização das tecnologias, nível de atividade física, avaliação da qualidade de vida, e uma entrevista estruturada com quatro perguntas abertas sobre a utilização das tecnologias. A parte qualitativa do estudo foi analisada segundo análise de conteúdo e na parte quantitativa, foram utilizados testes estatísticos não paramétricos, devido a natureza dos dados. Todas as análises obedeceram ao critério de significância quando p<0,05. Os resultados (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico) / Abstract: The arising of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and technological innovations of existing products mark technological progress. The inclusion of the elderly in this technological everyday is essential for optimum use of these more modern and sophisticated ICT, marking new social roles that come with the preparation and during the retirement period, making access to these new technologies, to expand the sources of information, particularly in relation to health and network of contacts. Therefore, it can be an ally in the quest for better quality of life, physical and mental. This study of qualitativequantitative nature, aimed to analyze the use of new technologies in preparation for retirement and during the same, as well as to assess the strengths and weaknesses caused by the use of these technologies in health and quality of life of this population. The sample consisted of 40 participants, divided into two groups of 20 participants (pre-retirees and retirees), and aged over 50 years, of both genders, residents in the city of Rio Claro, SP. The evaluation protocol was composed of the following assessments: registration data questionnaire and medical history, socioeconomic analysis, cognitive assessments, evaluation of depressive symptoms, functional assessment, the use of technology, level of physical activity, evaluation of quality of life, and a structured interview with four questions open about the use of technology. The qualitative part of the study was analyzed according to content analysis and quantitative part; non-parametric statistical tests were used, due to the nature of the data. All analyzes obeyed the significance criterion when P<0.05. The results of the quantitative part show that the characterization of the sample, there was a higher prevalence of females, participants aged 50-70 years, schooling completed elementary school (8 years) and (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Orientador: Renato Peixoto Dagnino / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T03:45:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Costa_ElaineHipolitodosSantos_M.pdf: 1755167 bytes, checksum: 772c8d5e0777f9be9449aaddf8874a14 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Esta dissertação analisa a criação e conversão do conhecimento em uma cooperativa. Seu objetivo é identificar os fluxos de informação e contribuir para as conversões do conhecimento capazes de auxiliar no processo de autogestão. Seu foco é o processo de distribuição de atividades, os relatos das reuniões, o aprendizado das tarefas, e a forma como ocorre a troca de conhecimento adquirido com a prática das atividades. O caso escolhido para análise foi o da Cooperativa de Catadores Cooperando com a Natureza (Coopernatuz), que se dedica à triagem e venda de materiais recicláveis, localizada em Osasco/SP. Foi utilizada, adotando a pesquisa de campo, a Metodologia de Identificação de Fluxos de Informação. A observação do trabalho no âmbito da cooperativa e a realização de entrevistas permitiram a avaliação do conhecimento - técnicas e habilidades - adquirido pelos cooperados em sua prática cotidiana e a identificação de falhas concernentes à administração e à produção relativas às atividades das quatro equipes de trabalho, da diretoria e do conselho fiscal. A realização da pesquisa mostrou ser possível avançar num caminho ainda pouco trilhado, mas imprescindível para aumentar a efetividade das ações em curso no País nos campos da Economia Solidária e da Tecnologia Social. Ao ajudar na compreensão de como se dá a comunicação no interior da cooperativa, se espera que sua sustentabilidade - econômica, cultural, social e ambiental - possa ser ampliada. Num plano mais restrito, se acredita que os resultados alcançados podem contribuir para organização e incubação da cooperativa. / Abstract: This thesis analyzes the creation and conversion of knowledge in a Solidarity Economy Initiative. Its objective is to identify information fluxes and to contribute to knowledge conversions capable of assisting workers selfmanagement. Its focus is the process of activities distribution, the meetings reports, the learning of the workers' taks and the ways trough which knowledge is acquired in practical activities. The case chosen to analysis was the "Cooperativa de Catadores Cooperando com a Natureza (Coopernatuz)", that is dedicated to sorting out and selling recyclable materials, located in Osasco/SP. The identification of information fluxes methodology was adopted throughout field research. The observation of the work at the cooperative shop floor together with the interviews allowed the measurement of the knowledge - techniques and abilities - acquired by the cooperative workers during their daily practices and also allowed to identify the malpractices related to the management and the production of the four work teams, their board of directors and their financial council. The research showed to be possible to advance in this less travelled path but indispensable to improve the effectiveness of the Solidarity and Economy and Social Technology actions in the country. By helping to understand how communication happens inside the cooperative it is expected to enhance its economic, cultural, social and environmental sustainability. Specifically it is expected that the achieved results may contribute to the organization and start up of the cooperative. / Mestrado / Politica Cientifica e Tecnologica / Mestre em Política Científica e Tecnológica

Orientador: Renato Peixoto Dagnino / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T10:26:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fraga_LaisSilveira_M.pdf: 768686 bytes, checksum: 9445f9a61abc65e09783c03586f95c91 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: A necessidade de repensar o processo de formação nas engenharias tem sido ressaltada por autores que centram sua crítica na concentração dos currículos em aspectos técnicos em detrimento dos aspectos sociais e políticos. O que levaria engenheiros e engenheiras a atuar de forma limitada e, principalmente, alienada diante da complexidade das relações entre ciência, tecnologia e sociedade. Partindo desse entendimento, a pesquisa que originou este trabalho analisou o currículo do curso de graduação da Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos da UNICAMP (FEA) à luz do campo da Educação em Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade (CTS). Na primeira etapa, as disciplinas foram classificadas segundo uma taxonomia elaborada a partir de três critérios: ênfase nos aspectos técnicos, aplicabilidade do conteúdo e flexibilidade da disciplina. O que sugere a existência de quatro tipos de disciplina que foram denominados: básica, aplicada, múltiplos aspectos e fechada. A seguir, observou-se o modo como esses tipos de disciplina se distribuem ao longo do curso. Essa primeira etapa apontou que o currículo possui as seguintes características: tecnicista, fechado, com clara separação entre teoria e prática e com foco na indústria. A segunda etapa da pesquisa consistiu numa interpretação desse resultado à luz das críticas que a Educação CTS faz à educação tecnocientífica convencional. Foram utilizadas as contribuições de Gordillo e Galbarte (2002), que apresentam sete ¿visões distorcidas¿ presentes na educação convencional; de Gordillo, Osório e Lopéz Cerezo (2000), que apresentam cinco ¿dicotomias¿ nela presentes; e Dagnino (2006), que organiza sua crítica em quatro possíveis visões da tecnociência. As duas primeiras críticas permitem evidenciar que o currículo da FEA apresenta ¿visões distorcidas¿ e ¿dicotomias¿. A terceira mostra que ele está fortemente influenciado pela ¿concepção instrumentalista da tecnociência¿. A conclusão indica que as críticas feitas pela Educação CTS são pertinentes ao curso da FEA: que ele traz implícita uma visão neutra de tecnociência e que, por ter como foco a indústria, não é plural. O contraste do resultado alcançado com a idéia de onde se partiu, de que a ausência de uma formação humanística não prepara o engenheiro para a crítica do sistema socioeconômico e político em que está inserido, levou a outra conclusão: não parece que a introdução de humanidades no currículo seja capaz de torná-lo mais plural. Isto é, de proporcionar ao engenheiro a capacidade de conceber formas tecnológicas que atendam a outros atores que não os que formam a ¿indústria¿ (leia-se a empresa privada). Alavancar uma sociedade alternativa, baseada em outros valores, interesses e atores, exige do engenheiro(a) uma reflexão sobre o caráter da tecnociência e de sua relação de coorganização com as forças que estruturam a sociedade / Abstract: The necessity of rethinking the formation process in the engineering courses has been pointed out by authors that focus their criticism on the emphasis given on the curriculum to technical aspects compared to the social and political aspects. What would take engineers to act in a limited way and, mainly, alienated before the complexity of the relations between science, technology and society. Based on this understanding, the research that originated this project analyzed the curriculum of the undergraduate course from the Food Engineering Faculty of UNICAMP (FEA) enlighten by Science, Technology and Society Education field (STS). On the first stage, the disciplines were classified according to a taxonomy elaborated based on three criterions: emphasis on technical aspects, applicability of contents and disciplines flexibility. Which suggests the existence of four kinds of disciplines that were denominated: basic, applied multiple aspects and closed. After that, the way these kinds of discipline are distributed along the course was observed. This first stage indicated that the curriculum has the following characteristics: emphasis on technical aspects, closed, with clear segregation between theory and practice and focused in the industry. The second stage of the research consisted on an interpretation of these results enlighten by the criticism STS Education makes to conventional technoscientific education. For this propos we used contributions from Gordillo and Galbarte (2002), which bring seven ¿distorted visions¿ present in conventional education; from Gordillo, Osório and Lopéz Cerezo (2000), who present five ¿dichotomies¿ within this education; and Dagnino (2006), who organizes its criticism in four possible visions of technoscience. The two first criticisms make it evident that FEA's curriculum presents ¿distorted visions¿ and ¿dichotomies¿. The third shows that it is strongly influenced by the ¿instrumentalist conception of technoscience¿. The conclusion indicates that the criticism made by STS Education is pertinent to FEA's course: that it brings implied a neutral vision of technoscience and that, for being focused on industries, is not plural. The contrast of the results achieved with the initial idea, that the absence of a humanistic formation doesn't prepare the engineer to criticize the socioeconomic and political system in which he is inserted, led to another conclusion: it doesn't seem that the introduction of humanities in the curriculum is capable of making it plural. That is, making the engineer capable of conceiving technological forms that answer to the need of other actors besides the ¿industry¿ (meaning private companies). To stimulate an alternative society, based on other values, interests and actors, demands from the engineer a reflection on the character of technoscience and on its coorganizational relations with the forces that give structure to society / Mestrado / Mestre em Política Científica e Tecnológica

Orientador: Renato Peixoto Dagnino / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T01:58:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jesus_VanessaMariaBritode_D.pdf: 4049938 bytes, checksum: 265dfd46b6a7e420400e232b6653ed19 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: O objetivo desta tese é analisar como uma Tecnologia Social (TS) é mediada pelo o que identificamos como uma "contradição epistemológica" entre racionalidades, isto é, uma contradição entre o modo como a política pública entende TS, como é reproduzida por agências de capacitação profissional e o como é vivenciada por agricultores familiares. Para tal, tomamos como referência o Sistema Produção Agroecológica, Integrada e Sustentável (SPAIS) que ganhou escala no período 2005 a 2012 e que alia "soluções de curto prazo em grande escala" para um problema historicamente mal resolvido no Brasil: a pobreza e êxodo rural. Esse sistema integra um conjunto de ações intersetoriais voltadas para a inclusão social produtiva e se alinha às ações previstas pelos programas do governo federal desde 2002. Partindo da percepção da pesquisadora, que compreende que esses grupos sociais são influenciados ¿ em maior ou menor grau ¿ por uma racionalidade tecnocientífica, isto é, com um modo de pensar e agir orientado pela exacerbação do valor mercantil outorgado à tecnociência, verificou-se uma contradição em torno de três categorias principais de divergência epistêmica: 1) utilização do termo tecnologia social, que no plano teórico compartilha absolutamente nada com a racionalidade tecnocientífica que orienta esta política pública, 2) o conceito de Agroecologia, que se opõe radicalmente ao modelo de desenvolvimento rural reproduzido no país e, 3) uma prática social agrícola que não se relaciona com essas perspectivas. A luz dos aportes teóricos da Abordagem Sociotécnica e Filosofia da Tecnologia, averiguamos por meio da pesquisa de campo que três aspectos interpenetraram a interação entre o técnico e os agricultores, mediando a TS: cultura como "desorganizadora" da normatização, a regionalidade como facilitadora da interação técnico/agricultor e a intersubjetividade como fator constituinte da apropriação da tecnologia pelo agricultor. Esses elementos anulam a perspectiva da pesquisadora, pois a racionalidade tecnocientífica exerce nenhuma influência sobre os agricultores, que são orientados mais pelo critério de "manutenção da vida" (alimento e saúde) do que qualquer outro critério. Ocorre o fenômeno de subversão da TS, que é ressignificada ao ponto de tornar-se uma outra tecnologia, que não a reaplicada inicialmente. Este fenômeno influi na "dissolução" da contradição epistemológica, pois, ao adentrar o mundo da vida dos agricultores, é esvaziada por processos de ressignificação e intersubjetividade, gerando códigos técnicos próprios, que permitem ao agricultor se apropriar da tecnologia, para além de qualquer tipo de "disputa" entre racionalidades / Abstract: This thesis analyzes the ways in which Social Technology (ST) is mediated by what is identified here as an "epistemological contradiction" between rationalities, that is, a contradiction between how public policy understands ST, as it is reproduced by expertise, and how ST are experienced by family-based farmers. The ST at the center of the analysis is known as "Agroecological, Integrated and Sustainable Production System" (SPAIS, in Portuguese). It combines "short-term solutions on a large scale" for a historically unresolved problem in Brazil: poverty and rural exodus. This system integrates a set of intersectoral actions in the field of productive social inclusion and aligns the actions planned by federal government programs since 2002. Assuming that social groups are influenced ¿ in varying degrees ¿ by a techno-scientific rationality, that is, a way of thinking and acting driven by the exacerbation of market values, a contradiction is established based on three main categories of epistemic divergence: 1) use of the term "social technology", which theoretically shares absolutely nothing with the techno-scientific rationality that guides this policy; 2) the concept of Agroecology, which is radically opposed to the rural development model in the country; and 3) an agricultural social practice that is not related to these perspectives. In light of the theoretical contributions of the Sociotechnical Approach (Social Construction of Technology?) and the Philosophy of Technology, the fieldwork presented here examines three aspects of the interaction between expert knowledge and the farmers: culture as the "disruption" of normalization, regionality as a facilitator of expertise/farmer interaction, and intersubjectivity as a constituent factor of the appropriation of technology by farmers. These elements evidence the way techno-scientific rationality exerts no influence on farmers, whose practices are geared more towards "sustaining life" (food and health). Additionally, the thesis identifies the way ST are subverted and re-signified. However, this phenomenon does not resolve the contradiction noted above, which is only "dissolved", since intersubjectivity allows farmers to appropriate technology through the establishment of their own "technical code" that originates from processes of re-signification of the ST as a whole / Doutorado / Politica Cientifica e Tecnologica / Doutora em Política Científica e Tecnológica

Orientador: Sandro Tonso / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Tecnologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T00:46:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gaspar_VitorTavares_M.pdf: 1010143 bytes, checksum: 0a8a1f34f32fbd337903e0eabb53e67c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: O presente trabalho se propõe a verificar quais são as possibilidades de diálogo entre Tecnologia Social (TS) e Educação Ambiental (EA) Crítica. Partindo de um ensaio teórico sobre EA e uma revisão da bibliografia sobre TS, utilizou-se de um processo de EA realizado pelo Coletivo Educador Ambiental de Campinas (COEDUCA) para refletir sobre possibilidades de diálogo Entre TS e EA. Essa EA entende que a crise socioambiental surge devido a um modelo civilizatório gerador de exclusões e desigualdades, legitimado por formas de construir conhecimento que não dão conta de compreender a complexidade da sociedade e suas relações. Essa EA se propõe a criar espaços de diálogo nos quais pessoas se reconhecem como sujeitos políticos capazes de refletir sobre seus conflitos e buscar alternativas. A TS, por sua vez, se constitui a partir da necessidade tecnológica de empreendimentos cujos objetivos sejam a inclusão social. Pode-se entender a TS como uma tecnologia com valores adequados à produção solidária, bem como pode-se entendê-la como processos (chamados de Adequação Sociotécnica - AST) de empoderamento de atores envolvidos com produção solidária, que levam esses atores a criar suas próprias soluções tecnológicas. O diálogo entre TS e EA pode ser identificado principalmente nas seguintes formas: 1) Reconhecer que processos de EA podem contribuir com AST em empreendimentos solidários; 2) reconhecer que processos de desenvolvimento de TS podem constituir sujeitos políticos, tal qual a EA; 3) Reconhecer a TS como uma abordagem temática para processos de EA, considerando-a como um tema relevante para instrumentalizar educadores ambientais / Abstract: This work intends to investigate which are the possibilities of dialog between the fields of Critical Environmental Education (EE) and Social Technology (ST). To get these goals it was made a bibliographic research about ST and EE and an essay analyzing the dialog between EE and ST having as a background the observation of an environmental educators training process. This EE understands that the environmental crisis is a consequence of a civilizatory model that generates social inequality and exclusion and legitimate itself using a way to build knowledge that doesn't understand the complexity of social and environmental relationships. This EE seeks to create dialogue places which people can recognize themselves as being capable to understand their problems and create solutions concerning these problems. The ST seeks to make possible, for people on solidary production processes, to produce with collective values and, for this, it proposes that only a technology with these values can make it work properly and bring social inclusion. The ST can be understood in two ways, as an adequate technology to produce with solidary values, or as all the processes in which the users of technology are empowered and starts to recognize themselves as being to capable of build their own technology as their production process demand (this process of creating ST is named Sociotechnical Adequation - STA). The dialog between ST an EE can be mostly identified in three forms: 1) Recognizing that EE processes can contribute with STA in solidary works; 2) Recognizing that the process of development of ST can lead to social emancipation, as EE does; 3) Recognizing the ST as a thematic approach on EE processes / Mestrado / Tecnologia e Inovação / Mestre em Tecnologia

Orientadores: Maria Conceição da Costa, Rafael de Brito Dias / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T19:16:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vicente_AlexandreMeloni_M.pdf: 2230181 bytes, checksum: ba205559be02d6ac3b4e95bacd04c731 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: A disseminação, principalmente a partir da década de 1970 nos países desenvolvidos do ocidente, de procedimentos participativos em diversas áreas, pautados na ideia de amplo engajamento dos cidadãos nos assuntos de interesse da coletividade, e em movimentos de pluralismo e democracia direta minou o modelo tradicional de governança onde os políticos eleitos, com a ajuda de experts reconhecidos, decidem as ações políticas sem maior interferência do público. O lugar da ciência na sociedade se torna cada vez mais problemático. A confiança pública no progresso da ciência e da tecnologia decresce, enquanto as preocupações sobre suas consequências crescem. A própria natureza da sociedade democrática demanda, deste modo, que a Ciência e sua influência estejam sujeitos a rigorosos processos de diálogo e crítica, e as controvérsias em ciência e tecnologia são cada vez mais reconhecidas como questões éticas e morais, e não somente técnicas. É o caso da experimentação animal, tema central deste trabalho. A partir do referencial teórico dos Estudos Sociais da Ciência e Tecnologia, em especial das noções de core set e participação pública, é feita uma análise da legislação do Estado de São Paulo sobre a experimentação animal, visando clarificar quais grupos tiveram seus interesses e reivindicações atendidos, e quais foram ignorados. O estudo serve de base para as considerações teóricas sobre o core set da controvérsia, abordando aspectos como a relação entre a comunidade científica, a camada política e o público leigo, a autoridade da ciência e as estratégias para inclusão/exclusão de grupos. Foi possível concluir que, apesar da diminuição da confiança pública no progresso da ciência e tecnologia, do enfraquecimento da credibilidade da opinião dos experts cientistas e dos crescentes questionamentos sobre as consequências físicas, sociais, éticas e morais da prática científica, a ciência ainda desempenha um papel central na resolução de controvérsias, e a comunidade científica ocupa um lugar privilegiado dentro do core set. Embora o diálogo com membros da sociedade civil seja necessário, a credibilidade e o status social privilegiado dos experts os possibilitam moldar o núcleo decisório de acordo com seus interesses, excluindo os grupos contrários à experimentação animal, e incluindo aqueles de ideologia moderada; mantendo, deste modo, um estável controle sobre a agenda de pesquisa / Abstract: The dissemination, mainly from the 1970s in Western developed countries, of participatory procedures in several areas, guided by the idea of broad citizen engagement on issues of interest to the community, and movements of direct democracy and pluralism, has undermined the traditional governance model where elected politicians, with the help of recognized experts, decide the political actions without interference from the public. The place of science in society becomes increasingly problematic. Public confidence in the progress of science and technology decreases as concerns grow about its consequences. The very nature of a democratic society demands thus that science and its influence are subject to rigorous review and dialogue processes, and controversies in science and technology are increasingly recognized as ethical and moral issues, not just technical. It is the case of animal experimentation, the central issue of this work. Using the theoretical framework of Social Studies of Science and Technology, particularly the concepts of core set and public participation, the work analyses the law of the State of São Paulo, Brazil, about animal experimentation, aiming to clarify which groups had their interests and demands met, and which were ignored. The study serves as basis for theoretical considerations on the core set of the controversy, addressing issues such as the relationship between the scientific community, the lay public and the policy layer, the authority of science and the strategies for inclusion/exclusion of groups. It was possible to conclude that, despite the decline of public confidence in the progress of science and technology, the weakening in the credibility of the expert's opinions, and the growing doubts about the physical, social, moral and ethical consequences of scientific practice, science still plays a central role in the resolution of controversies, and the scientific community occupies a privileged place within the core set. Although the dialogue with members of the civil society is necessary, the expert's credibility and privileged social status allows the scientific community to shape the core set according to its interests, excluding groups opposed to animal experimentation, and including those of moderate ideology; keeping thus a stable control over the research agenda / Mestrado / Politica Cientifica e Tecnologica / Mestre em Política Científica e Tecnológica