Orientador: Ruy de Quadros Carvalho / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T11:19:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Menezes_Esther_M.pdf: 1015673 bytes, checksum: cb1e226ccea252c10107633ea5125a3f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: A introdução da tecnologia de TV digital terrestre deverá ocasionar um importante impacto socioeconômico no Brasil. Ao permitir a exibição de um número maior de canais de programação, imagem em alta definição e serviços interativos, essa nova tecnologia habilitará mudanças significativas em uma indústria caracterizada, hoje, pela elevada concentração de mercado. Inserida nesse contexto, o objetivo desta dissertação é subsidiar o debate brasileiro com uma breve avaliação da experiência internacional. As hipóteses de trabalho consistem nos seguintes impactos que essa nova tecnologia pode ocasionar: (i) redução da concentração e verticalização do mercado das emissoras de TV aberta; (ii) diversificação de fontes de informação para os espectadores; e (iii) ampliação das oportunidades de crescimento da indústria televisiva. Para verificar tais hipóteses, esta dissertação foi desenvolvida em três partes. A primeira apresenta a evolução dos setores que compõem a indústria da informação, com ênfase nas telecomunicações e no setor televisivo. Na segunda parte, apresentamse as abordagens teóricas que explicam os impactos socioeconômicos das inovações tecnológicas em geral. Abordagens como a teoria evolucionária e a construção social da ciência e tecnologia permitem avaliar a factibilidade dos possíveis desdobramentos de tecnologias emergentes, como a TV digital, contribuindo para antever as possíveis transformações na indústria. Por fim, a terceira parte da dissertação traz a experiência de dois países selecionados, Estados Unidos e Reino Unido, permitindo identificar possíveis cenários do setor televisivo com a implementação da TV digital em outros países. Em conjunto, as análises apresentadas permitem concluir que (i) o fortalecimento da indústria televisiva decorre não apenas das transformações tecnológicas, mas também das regras de uso da nova tecnologia estabelecidas na regulação do setor televisivo; (ii) as emissoras e programadoras de TV já estabelecidas continuam com forte presença no mercado; (iii) a nova tecnologia cria novas possibilidades de canais de TV e outros serviços, mas a tendência desse mercado continua sendo a de concentração; e (iv) o aumento das opções de programação televisiva não conduz automaticamente à diversidade de conteúdo / Abstract: The introduction of digital terrestrial TV may induce an important socioeconomic impact in Brazil. Allowing a bigger number of programming channels, high definition video and interactive services, such new technology enables significant changes in a industry that is nowadays highly concentrated. In such relevant context, the aim of this thesis is to subsidize the Brazilian debate with a brief assessment of international experience. The hypotheses of this work are that such new technology may cause the following impacts: (i) reduction of terrestrial or free-to-air TV market concentration and verticalization, (ii) diversification of viewers¿ sources of information , and (iii) higher growth opportunities of television industry. To verify these assumptions, this thesis was developed in three parts. The first one shows the evolution of the information industry, emphasising the telecommunications and television sectors. The second part presents the theoretical approaches that explain the socioeconomic impacts of generic technological innovations. Approaches such as the evolutionary theory and the social construction of science and technology allow to assess the feasibility of possible developments of emerging technologies such as digital TV, helping to foresight the possible socio-economic changes. Finally, the third part of the thesis brings the experience of two countries, United States and United Kingdom, in order to help to identify possible scenarios for the Brazilian television industry with the implementation of digital TV. To sum up, the experience of selected countries as well as the theoretic approaches presented allow to conclude that (i) the strengthening of the television industry stems not only from technological changes, but also from the new rules of use of technology established on regulation of television industry, (ii) the established TV broadcasters tend to preserve their strong market presence, (iii) the new technology creates new possibilities for TV and other services, but the market concentration remains as a trend, and (iv) the increase of TV programming options does not automatically lead to the diversity of content / Mestrado / Mestre em Política Científica e Tecnológica

Orientador: Renato Peixoto Dagnino / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T05:38:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bagatolli_Carolina_M.pdf: 2022489 bytes, checksum: f43e7d3c6bd9e148edd581a07a0dd594 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: O final da década de 1990 marca uma mudança no direcionamento da PCT brasileira: o gasto público aumenta e é crescentemente direcionado às atividades inovativas empresariais. Essa mudança na PCT, quando analisada tendo por base a visão de pesquisadores que estudam a trajetória dessa política a partir da contribuição dos fundadores do Pensamento Latino-Americano em Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade, marca o que consideramos a sua quarta geração. Ela se caracterizaria por um aumento do esforço governamental para elevar a propensão das empresas locais a realizar P&D, que é identificada por eles e por esse pensamento como uma característica estrutural derivada da condição periférica de nossa sociedade. Adotando a perspectiva consagrada por aquele pensamento - a distinção entre política de C&T explícita e implícita - é possível encontrar exemplos da primeira modalidade que sustentam o argumento de que estaríamos em presença de uma quarta geração: o crescimento significativo da execução orçamentária do MCT e das suas agências, os Fundos Setoriais, a reativação do FUNTEC, os incentivos fiscais previstos na Lei de Inovação e na Lei do Bem e a subvenção econômica. Depois de descrever essa mudança, e mantendo aquela perspectiva, o trabalho penetra na esfera da política implícita de C&T para entender porque os indicadores disponibilizados pelas sucessivas edições da PINTEC (IBGE) parecem indicar que a política em curso não está logrando alterar significativamente a dinâmica tecnológica local. É baixo o grau de novidade dos produtos e processos introduzidos pelas empresas inovadoras, o dispêndio das empresas locais com atividades internas de P&D é muito menor do que o observado nos Países avançados, sendo que a parcela da receita líquida de vendas destinada à inovação por essas empresas - que já era relativamente pequena - diminuiu nos últimos anos. Outras evidências empíricas relativas ao cenário nacional e internacional sugerem a escassa probabilidade de uma alteração dessa situação. Entre elas, a importância que tem a realização de P&D na estratégia de inovação das empresas inovadoras: quatro vezes menor do que a aquisição de máquinas e equipamentos. A conclusão mais importante do trabalho corrobora o que aqueles autores fundadores e os pesquisadores contemporâneos têm afirmado. A baixa propensão a inovar (e, em particular, à realização de P&D) não é fruto de um "atraso cultural" dos empresários ou da falta de instrumentos que induzam o empreendedorismo e a competitividade. Ele é uma resposta racional das empresas locais ao que foi denominado política implícita de C&T, que reproduz a nossa condição periférica e mantém os sinais de mercado que não as estimulam. E é pouco provável que a quarta geração da PCT, a menos que seu aprofundamento a transforme em algo ainda mais incoerente com as outras demandas - que não as empresariais - que deveria atender esta política, possa neutralizar os obstáculos estruturais existentes em nossa sociedade; os quais apesar de há muito conhecidos, são atualmente bem pouco lembrados pelo pensamento oficial. / Abstract: The late 1990's are characterized by a change on the Brazilian Science and Technology Policy (STP): the public expenditure increases and it is been increasingly focused towards innovative entrepreneurs activities. This shift on the STP when analyzed through the conceptions of the scholars who study this trajectory under the contributions made by the founders of the Latin-American Thought on Science Technology and Society school marks its fourth generation. This policy is characterized by an increase of the governmental efforts to elevate local companies' propensity to realize R&D which is understood by them and by this school of thought as a structural characteristic of our society peripheral condition. Taking this perspective - the distinction between the explicit and implicit S&T Policy - it is possible to find examples of the first model of policy which sustains the argument that we would be in the presence of a fourth generation: the substantial increase of MCT (Brazilian Science and Technology Ministry) and its agencies budget implementation, the existence of sectored funds, the reactivation to the FUNTEC, the tax incentives contained in the Innovation Law and in the Law of Good and the economic subsidy. After describing this change, and keeping that perspective, the work enters into the sphere of the implicit S&T policy to understand why the indicators provided by successive editions of PINTEC (IBGE) seems to indicate that the current policy is not managing to alter the local technology dynamics significantly. Its low the level of novelty on products and processes introduced by innovative companies and the spending of local firms with internal activities of R&D are much smaller than that seen in advanced countries, even worst is that the amount of net revenues from sales to innovation by these companies - which was already relatively small - declined in the recent years. Other empirical evidences, on the national and international scenario, show low likelihood of a change in that situation. Among them is the importance of conducting R&D in the strategy of innovation in innovative companies which in this case is four times less than the purchase of machinery and equipment. The most important conclusion of the work confirms what those founder authors and contemporary researchers have said. The low propensity to innovate (and, in particular, to carry out R&D) is not the result of the entrepreneurs' "cultural backwardness" or the lack of instruments which lead to entrepreneurship and competitiveness. It is a rational response of local companies to what was called implicit C&T policy that reproduces our peripheral condition and maintains the signals of the market which do not stimulate them. And it is unlikely that the fourth generation of the PCT, unless its deepening turn into something even more inconsistent with the other demands - not the business - which should take this policy, could neutralize the structural barriers that exist in our society, and which are currently very little remembered by the official thinking. / Mestrado / Mestre em Política Científica e Tecnológica

The democratisation process in South Africa has subjected the country to the global effects of the challenges that culminated in a nation that is facing the demands for socioecomonic needs coupled with technological advancement. Advances in technology in the global arena present both opportunities and threats to the South African democracy and its concomitant socioeconomic imperatives. The democratisation process in South Africa is consequential to the inextricably bound relationship between technology, modernisation and democracy. This triad pattern precipitates the South African democratic political system. Advances in technology are also imperative for human and national security, but the intensity of pervasiveness may have serious ramifications for the appraisal for political stability in a democratic South Africa. Technology is one of the major sources underpinning and strengthening democracy in a political system. However, technology also affects the daily life of the ordinary citizen, depending on the manner in which decisions are made to implement a technology policy. The South African government through its technology approach has an action plan for growth, which aims to set the economy on a more competitive footing. The action plan engages major technological projects to benefit the broader society but overlooks a major factor in the "democratic theory of technology", namely the imperative that communities be consulted about technology decisions. These efforts are concerned exclusively with democratic procedures in making policy decisions about technologies. The South African government in 1996 reformed its technology policy approach so as to ensure that democratic values are prevalent and that citizens have access to technology. This policy approach raises concern about improving the democratic and the socioeconomic wellbeing of society, while inversely there is the uncertainty whether advances in technology can support and enhance the intended policy approach in the democratisation process in South Africa. This problem of whether technologies are substantively democratic, that is whether technology policy decisions are compatible with perpetuating a democratic political system, resulted in the need to investigate and appraise democratic theories and further critically analyse approaches and challenges in democratic politics of technology within the South African democratic political system. The study looks at the role and magnitude of technology in a democratic South Africa. It presents and argues the hypothesis that “greater advance in technology tends to enhance the democratisation process in a political system”. Much of the argument is devoted to providing evidence that technology influences both human and national security and as such demonstrates how technology as a systematic application of knowledge to resources can provide a good tool for sustaining democracy in South Africa. Technology is ubiquitous within South Africa’s democratic political system and it may be considered a boon or bane. It encompasses both benefits and disadvantages such that it poses complex options for a democratic political system in both its approach and implementation within a policy framework. The social dichotomy of this policy framework raises the need for further inquiry as to the reasoning and application of technology in addressing socioeconomic imperatives for concretising democracy, thus creating “a better life for all”. The democratic imperatives within the policy framework dictate an analysis to the ventured hypothesis that “advances in technology will enhance democracy in a political system”, and it is in this regard that South Africa is used as an archetype to disembark at a logical deduction to validate this hypothesis in the study. / Thesis (PhD (Political Sciences))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Political Sciences / unrestricted

Orientador: Andre Tosi Furtado / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T20:06:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CostaFilho_EdmilsondeJesus_D.pdf: 2183949 bytes, checksum: ffde0322a264c0cdd6e0349a07af46ae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: O êxito da cooperação espacial sul-sul pode ser considerado um caso sui generis na literatura internacional, devido às dificuldades inerentes que os projetos de co-desenvolvimento cientifico e tecnológico imputam a países periféricos. O trabalho tem por objetivo fazer uma análise de um programa de cooperação tecnológica sino-brasileira na área espacial, o Programa CBERS, buscando enfocar a dimensão do aprendizado do Brasil com a cooperação. Esta análise foi estruturada em torno de três eixos: macro, relacionado ao aspecto político da cooperação; meso, relacionado ao aspecto organizacional do INPE; e micro, relacionados aos aspectos científicos e tecnológicos da área de Engenharia e Tecnologia Espacial do instituto. Segundo a proposta metodológica, estes eixos se complementam e se interligam formando uma ferramenta capaz de analisar o aprendizado da cooperação. O estudo se baseou em um levantamento de informações quantitativas e qualitativas junto ao INPE e ao MRE, assim como em entrevistas com técnicos brasileiros participantes do programa. Os resultados do estudo apontam que, embora os três eixos sejam igualmente importantes para o aprendizado nacional, estes apresentaram um claro desbalanceamento, onde a dimensão política e a organizacional do Programa no Brasil tiveram um avanço maior em detrimento das dimensões científicas e tecnológicas / Abstract: The success of south-south space cooperation may be considered a unique case in the international literature, due to the difficulties concerning to scientific and technological co-development which peripheral countries face. This research intends to analyze a China-Brazil technological cooperation program on the space field (the CBERS Program), seeking to focus on the dimension of Brazilian learning with the cooperation. This analysis was structured over three focuses: macro, related to the political aspect of the cooperation; meso, related to the organizational aspect of INPE (National Institute for Space Researches); and micro, related to the scientific and technological aspects of the Institute¿s Engineering and Space Technology Division. According to the methodological proposal, these focuses match and link to each other, becoming a tool which is able to analyze the learning process upon the cooperation. This study was based on a both quantitative and qualitative information survey provided by the INPE and the Brazilian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MRE), and also on interviews with Brazilian technicians who participated in the program. The results of the study point out that, although the three focuses have equal importance for the national learning, they present clear unbalance: the political and organizational dimension had a more significant advance than the scientific and technological dimensions of the Program in Brazil / Doutorado / Doutor em Política Científica e Tecnológica

No description available.

Thesis (D. Tech.) -- Central University of Technology, Free State, 2008

Thesis (M. Tech.) - Central University of Technology, Free State, 2006 / This study provides an analysis of the impact of the introduction of the FET system at Colleges in the Free State, with reference to Motheo FET College. The aim of the research was to explore the perceptions of Motheo FET staff on the implementation of the FET system. It is believed that these perceptions have far-reaching implications on aspirations of the stakeholders with regard to the implementation and success of the FET system at Motheo FET College. The literature has revealed that legislation, namely, the FET Act 98 of 1998, the SAQA Act 58 of 1995 and the Skills Development Act 97 of 1998, form an indispensable past of the FET sector and also provide all stakeholders with a frame of reference and guidelines to manage the new FET system for Motheo FET College effectively and efficiently. The study also has revealed that success in the FET sector will be achieved by closing the gap between “education and training” and also ”theory and practice”. Removal of the fragmentations in education through a co-ordinated, flexible and high-quality FET system will result in employability and employment opportunities for FET learners. It has become clear that the above objective may be best achieved by strengthening co-operation between the Department of Education and the Department of Labour, in which case a new system of learnership should be identified as a mechanism to enhance collaboration between the aforementioned departments. A literature study, interviews, observations and site analysis were used as data collection methods. Four major themes were formulated from the analysis of data, namely, transformation of the FET sector, ensuring equity in all respects regarding FET matters and ensuring equality in all aspects within the FET sector. The important findings were discussed at length and thereafter, the summary, discussions, conclusions and recommendations were drawn from the findings.

Thesis (M. Tech. Marketing) -- Central University of Technology, Free State, 2010

Thesis (M. Tech.) -- Central University of Technology, Free State, 2007 / With technology advancing, more and more people turn to the World Wide Web to conduct business. This may include buying and selling on the Web, advertising and monitoring of business activities. There is a big need for software and systems that enable remote monitoring and controlling of business activities. The Mechatronics Research Group of the Faculty of Engineering, Information and Communication Technology at the Central University of Technology, Free State, has identified a similar need. This research group has created an Automated Manufacturing System around which research topics revolve. They want to monitor this Automated Manufacturing System from remote locations like their offices or, if possible, from home. The Remote Information Management (RIM) System was developed, using the Rapid Application Development (RAD) Methodology. The reasons why this methodology was used, is because it is the best to use in a changing environment, when the system needs to be developed very quickly and when most of the data is already available. This is a good description of the Automated Manufacturing System’s environment. The RAD methodology consists of four stages: Requirements Planning, User Design, Rapid Construction and Transition. Project Management is used throughout these stages to ensure that the project goes according to plan. Development of the RIM system went through all four stages and project management was applied. The final system consisted of a Web Page with Web Camera views of the Automated Manufacturing System. The application that was developed using National Instruments LabVIEW, Microsoft Visual C++, and Microsoft Excel, is embedded in this Web Page. This application is called a Virtual Instrument (VI). The VI shows real-time data from the Automated Manufacturing System. Control over the VI can be granted and will allow the remote user to create reports on how many different products was produced and system downtimes. A system like the RIM System has advantages in the business world. It can enable telecommuting and will allow employees and managers to monitor (and even control) manufacturing systems, or any system connected to a PLC, from remote locations.

Thesis (D. Tech. ( Mechanical Engineering )) - Central University of technology, Free State, 2012 / In this study an alternative indirect Rapid Tooling process is proposed. It essentially consists of producing sand moulds by Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes followed by casting of tools in the moulds. Various features of this tool making method have been investigated. A process chain for the proposed tool manufacturing method was conceptually developed. This process chain referred to as Rapid Casting for Tooling (RCT) is made up of five steps including Computer Aided Design (CAD) modeling, casting simulation, AM of moulds, metal casting and finishing operations. A validation stage is also provided to determine the suitability of the tool geometry and material for RCT. The theoretical assessment of the RCT process chain indicated that it has potential benefits such as short manufacturing time, low manufacturing cost and good quality of tools in terms of surface finish and dimensional accuracy. Focusing on the step of AM of the sand moulds, the selection of available AM processes between the Laser Sintering (LS) using an EOSINT S 700 machine and Three Dimensional Printing using a Z-Corporation Spectrum 550 printer was addressed by means of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The criteria considered at this stage were manufacturing time, manufacturing cost, surface finish and dimensional accuracy. LS was found to be the most suitable for RCT compared to Three Dimensional Printing. The overall preferences for these two alternatives were respectively calculated at 73% and 27%. LS was then used as the default AM process of sand moulds in the present research work. A practical implementation of RCT to the manufacturing of foundry tooling used a case study provided by a local foundry. It consisted of the production of a sand casting pattern in cast iron for a high pressure moulding machine. The investigation confirmed the feasibility of RCT for producing foundry tools. In addition it demonstrated the crucial role of casting simulation in the prevention of casting defects and the prediction of tool properties. The challenges of RCT were found to be exogenous mainly related to workmanship. An assessment of RCT manufacturing time and cost was conducted using the case study above mentioned as well as an additional one dealing with the manufacturing of an aluminium die for the production of lost wax patterns. Durations and prices of RCT steps were carefully recorded and aggregated. The results indicated that the AM of moulds was the rate determining and cost driving step of RCT if procurement of technology was considered to be a sunk cost. Overall RCT was found to be faster but more expensive than machining and investment casting. Modern surface analyses and scanning techniques were used to assess the quality of RCT tools in terms of surface finish and dimensional accuracy. The best surface finish obtained for the cast dies had Ra and Rz respectively equal to 3.23 μm and 11.38 μm. In terms of dimensional accuracy, 82% of cast die points coincided with die Computer Aided Design (CAD) data which is within the typical tolerances of sand cast products. The investigation also showed that mould coating contributed slightly to the improvement of the cast tool surface finish. Finally this study also found that the additive manufacturing of the sand mould was the chief factor responsible for the loss of dimensional accuracy. Because of the above, it was concluded that light machining will always be required to improve the surface finish and the dimensional accuracy of cast tools. Durability was the last characteristic of RCT tools to be assessed. This property was empirically inferred from the mechanical properties and metallographic analysis of castings. Merit of durability figures of 0.048 to 0.152 were obtained for the cast tools. It was found that tools obtained from Direct Croning (DC) moulds have merit of durability figures three times higher than the tools produced from Z-Cast moulds thus a better resistance to abrasion wear of the former tools compared to the latter.