The research presented in the thesis is a'case-study of a 'socially-directed' technology policy, formulated and implemented by the Greater London Council (GLC) whilst in office, between 1981 and 1986. The GLC attempted to make a direct link between technological innovation and social needs by creating the facilities, in the form of five 'Technology Networks'. for user involvement in socially-useful product design and development. The research is important for an exploration of technology issues. First, it represents an attempt to influence the politics of technological development. Second. it addresses issues of the content of technology and the social organisation of the innovation process. The Technology Networks comprised the focal points of the research. The objectives were the identification of the factors, both locally and nationally, which affected the policy implementation process. For the GLC, the national economic and political context proved crucial to policy developments: it resulted in their abolition in 1986. The Technology Networks remained in operation, but were increasingly plagued by funding difficulties. Findings from the study suggest that the access of a different range of social groups of users and producers to the early stages of the innovation process. may be a valuable exercise in itself. but is problematic as a base for an alternative technology policy. Other major constraints on the development of socially-useful technologies are manufacturing and market opportunities. The conclusions are concerned to explore the potential of a local authority as an agent of technological change, in terms of their role in design and technology education and the creation of an alternative technological hegemony.

This thesis emphasizes the role of being an information society in countries&rsquo / development perspective / furthermore aims to study the economic, social and structural dimensions of information society related policies with the case studies of Turkey and South Korea. Although in 1950s Turkey and South Korea had similar characteristics in terms of basic economic and social indicators, Turkey has lagged behind in South Korea in terms of development perspective and information society parameters. In addition, information society levels of Turkey and South Korea are measured and compared by ICT development index. Information society policies of South Korea and Turkey are analyzed in the scope of national science and technology policies separately. In theoretical perspective, transforming to information society is analyzed on the basis of &ldquo / Deployment policies in the field of ICT&rdquo / and &ldquo / Two models of network policy formation&rdquo / . The findings of the study indicate that, although hegemonic ruler organizations determine science and technology and transforming to information society related policies, government should not apply these policies without considering their internal dynamics. These policies should be re-evaluated and modified in the scope of national advantages and priorities. In addition, this study aims to indicate the importance of the role of science and technology policies on being an information society for 21st century.

China's policy makers see international standards as a barrier to their country's economic development, more importantly, as an offence to the country's national pride. This belief has been reinforced by the view that multi-national companies have used international standards to force developing countries to deprive them of the ability to enter the international markets by forcing them to pay high royalty rates, due to the patents incorporated in these standards. Moreover, these standards, as they believe, have been created at international standards setting platforms dominated by multi-national companies and developed countries. In return, China has launched several initiatives to create home-made Chinese standards free from patent claims of these companies. China's home-madestandards, some of which differ significantly from international standards, also reportedly serve to protection of its domestic market. China's accession to the WTO was formally approved in November 2001 and China became the WTO's 143rd member on December 11, 2001. WTO membership opened a new era for China. In spite of the international expectations for removal of all trade protection mechanisms which are incompatible with the international trade regime, China is reported to have sought to reform its policies by employing new strategies concerning IPR and standards. The thesis of this report is that China has not diverged significantly from developing home-made Chinese standards after the country’s entry into the WTO, but Chinese authorities have adopted more flexible strategies to implement this policy. Accordingly, this report is about change in policy strategies. I argue that China has continued to enforce its own will upon foreign companies with a strong self-confidence stemming from its ability to negotiate on unequal terms with foreign companies, owing to its sheer market size. However, China's new strategies have been shaped by weak coordination and disagreement among government agencies and institutions. To illustrate the potential explanatory power of this account, I have examined two important home-made standards initiatives by China; Wireless Authentication and Privacy Infrastructure (WAPI) and Audio Video Coding Standards (AVS). From the examination of the WAPI and AVS cases, I conclude that China's strategies have continued to evolve through disagreements and negotiations between Chinese government institutions within policy boundaries set by China's WTO membership and increasing international criticism. / text

Este trabalho visa investigar as demandas do setor empresarial voltadas às políticas de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação no Brasil a partir de 1990. São o foco central deste estudo entender como se processa a relação entre os principais atores do Sistema Nacional de Inovação (SNI) brasileiro e evidenciar como a Anpei, Anprotec e Abipti articulam às demandas empresariais e às políticas públicas para inovação. Questiona-se neste trabalho se as demandas do setor empresarial privado brasileiro têm sido contempladas pelas políticas de CT&I a partir dos anos 1990. Em um primeiro momento foram coletados dados e informações da Anpei, Anprotec e Abipti acerca do tema inovação tecnológica e das demandas empresariais em CT&I. Na seqüência, foram realizadas entrevistas com representantes de cada uma das três instituições. Além disso, foram reunidos dados e informações de outras associações como CNI, Fiesp, Firjan e IEDI. Da investigação realizada pode-se concluir que a partir dos anos 1990 tem aumentado a participação do setor empresarial na discussão de temas ligados à inovação. Todavia, os resultados dessa interface com o governo ainda mostram-se pouco efetivos em termos de atendimento de suas demandas. Verifica-se que falta uma cultura de inovação do setor empresarial bem como planejamento estratégico tanto por parte de governo e empresas para a formulação e implementação de políticas de inovação eficazes no país. / This study seeks to investigate the Science, Technology and Innovation (ST&I) demands of the private sector in Brazil since the 1990s by advancing understanding on how the relationship between the key National Systems of Innovation (NSI) actors operates. It also outlines how the Anpei, Anprotec and Abipti articulate private sector demands and public polices for innovation. The dissertation seeks to explore the extent to which the demands of the Brazilian private sector have been contemplated in the formulation of ST&I policies since the 1990s. In a first stage, data and information related to technology innovation and the ST&I demands of the private sector were collected from the Anpei, Anprotec and Abipti. Following these efforts, interviews with representatives of each institution were carried out. In addition, data from other business associations like CNI, Fiesp, Firjan and IEDI were also collected. Based on the analysis of this data, I conclude that there has been an increase in the participation of the private sector with respect to discussions on topics related to innovation. However, the results from the interface of this sector with the public sector have had limited effectiveness as the demands of private firms remain unmet. I also find that there is a lack of culture of innovation in the private sector, as well as strategic planning on the part of both the public and private sectors, and that these factors impede the formulation and implementation of more effective innovation policies.

The main aim of this dissertation is to evaluate Turkish science and technology policy documents, namely &ldquo / Turkish Science Policy: 1983-2003&rdquo / , &ldquo / Turkish Science and Technology Policy: 1993-2003&rdquo / , &ldquo / National Science and Technology Policy: 2003-2023 Strategy Document&rdquo / , and Turkish ever-first foresight study &ldquo / Vision 2023&rdquo / to discuss the impacts of those documents to Turkish science and technology and make some further policy recommendations for the future. For this reason, first, the history of Turkish science and technology policy making processes is summarized and the targets of the documents are examined. Second, the outcomes and the realization of the goals are discussed in terms of science and technology indicators and R&amp / D intensification among some leading industrial sectors of the country such as automotive, textile, clothing and information and communication technologies. In addition, the R&amp / D intensification of Turkish total manufacturing is analyzed via using Sanjaya Lall&rsquo / s industry categorization method. Turkey intensely exports resource based and low technology goods while importing medium and high technology ones. The scarce of demand for technology and R&amp / D which is the main reason behind the malfunction of technology policies, is basically depended on the mentioned structure of Turkish industry. Finally, it is concluded that in spite of some achievements, the implementation of Turkish science and technology policy documents are of insufficieny depended on the lack of political authority and responsibility and of the coordination among industry, institutions and society as a whole.

Submitted by Priscilla Araujo (priscilla@ibict.br) on 2016-08-11T15:30:42Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) tese roberto.pdf: 3651928 bytes, checksum: 2a123aadbb2f595fff0a1e4e75477f85 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-11T15:30:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) tese roberto.pdf: 3651928 bytes, checksum: 2a123aadbb2f595fff0a1e4e75477f85 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Pesquisa, de natureza documental-descritiva e exploratória, que buscou identificar as origens, desenvolvimento e principais correntes relacionadas aos estudos métricos, e de disciplinas correlatas ligadas a comunicação científica e políticas de investimentos nos setores em Ciência e Tecnologia, produzidos na antiga União Soviética e na Rússia pós-comunista, entre a década de 1960 aos primeiros anos do século XXI. A pesquisa objetivou discutir a contribuição e consistência do campo russo/soviético para com essas disciplinas. Para isso, o presente estudo focou sua análise na produção bibliográfica dos pesquisadores Vasily Nalimov, Gennady Dobrov, Alexander Mikhailov, na realidade da ex-União Soviética, e Valentina Markusova, relacionada à realidade russa. Inicialmente foi realizado estudo histórico sobre a construção, consolidação e desenvolvimento dos setores em Ciência e Tecnologia na URSS e na Rússia pós-comunista, contextualizando a realidade onde os estudos métricos foram desenvolvidos nesses países. Posteriormente, foi realizado levantamento sobre a evolução dos estudos bibliométricos e cientométricos na URSS e Rússia, traçando paralelo com os estudos relacionados as disciplinas Sociologia da ciência, Filosofia da ciência e História da ciência. Por fim, a tese dedicou-se ao estudo das ideias dos autores identificados como produtivos ou líderes de determinadas correntes, além de importantes para o desenvolvimento dos estudos de metrias na antiga URSS e Rússia, a partir do final dos anos 1950. A presente pesquisa conclui que, baseado na análise das ideias de Nalimov, Dobrov, Mikhailov e Markusova, os cenários soviético e russo ligados aos estudos métricos possuiu consistência e continuidade, apesar de problemas advindos das políticas impostas pelo partido comunista, durante a existência da URSS, e da instabilidade econômica sofrida pela Rússia pós-comunista. Percebeu-se também que outros levantamentos e análises podem ser realizados em pesquisas futuras aprofundando temas apresentados nesse trabalho. / Research, using exploratory and document-descriptive methods, identifying the origins, development and principal fields of research related to the quantitative and bibliometric studies - and related disciplines on communication science and Science and Technology policies - produced in the Soviet Union and post communist Russia, between the 1960s until the first years of the 21th century. This research tries to identify the consistence of Soviet and Russian bibliographic production on these disciplines. The focus on this study will be on the ideas of soviet researchers Alexander Mikhailov, Gennady Dobrov and Vasily Nalimov, in the USSR reality, and Valentina Markusova, related to the bibliographic production in post soviet Russia. Initially, it was made a historical analysis about the construction and development of Science and Technology sectors in the Soviet Union and Russia, showing the backgrounds where the bibliometric studies was produced in these countries. Later, it was made an analysis about the evolution of bibliometric and scientometric studies in the USSR and Russia, with parallel with fields considered important to the development of these disciplines as, for example, History of Science, Philosophy of Science and Sociology of Science. In the end, the research analyzed the bibliographical production of researchers, related to the bibliometric and quantitative studies in the USSR and Russia, considered important to the consolidation of these disciplines in these countries in the 1950s and 1960s, and after the dissolution of the USSR in 1991. This research identifies that, based on Nalimov, Dobrov, Mikhailov and Markusova production, the Soviet and Russian bibliometric and scientometric scenarios have consistence and, despite the problems related to an authoritarian policy imposed by the communist party, and the economic instability on the capitalist transition in Russia, continuity. It was also noted the possibility of other surveys and studies based on this research.

Este trabalho visa investigar as demandas do setor empresarial voltadas às políticas de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação no Brasil a partir de 1990. São o foco central deste estudo entender como se processa a relação entre os principais atores do Sistema Nacional de Inovação (SNI) brasileiro e evidenciar como a Anpei, Anprotec e Abipti articulam às demandas empresariais e às políticas públicas para inovação. Questiona-se neste trabalho se as demandas do setor empresarial privado brasileiro têm sido contempladas pelas políticas de CT&I a partir dos anos 1990. Em um primeiro momento foram coletados dados e informações da Anpei, Anprotec e Abipti acerca do tema inovação tecnológica e das demandas empresariais em CT&I. Na seqüência, foram realizadas entrevistas com representantes de cada uma das três instituições. Além disso, foram reunidos dados e informações de outras associações como CNI, Fiesp, Firjan e IEDI. Da investigação realizada pode-se concluir que a partir dos anos 1990 tem aumentado a participação do setor empresarial na discussão de temas ligados à inovação. Todavia, os resultados dessa interface com o governo ainda mostram-se pouco efetivos em termos de atendimento de suas demandas. Verifica-se que falta uma cultura de inovação do setor empresarial bem como planejamento estratégico tanto por parte de governo e empresas para a formulação e implementação de políticas de inovação eficazes no país. / This study seeks to investigate the Science, Technology and Innovation (ST&I) demands of the private sector in Brazil since the 1990s by advancing understanding on how the relationship between the key National Systems of Innovation (NSI) actors operates. It also outlines how the Anpei, Anprotec and Abipti articulate private sector demands and public polices for innovation. The dissertation seeks to explore the extent to which the demands of the Brazilian private sector have been contemplated in the formulation of ST&I policies since the 1990s. In a first stage, data and information related to technology innovation and the ST&I demands of the private sector were collected from the Anpei, Anprotec and Abipti. Following these efforts, interviews with representatives of each institution were carried out. In addition, data from other business associations like CNI, Fiesp, Firjan and IEDI were also collected. Based on the analysis of this data, I conclude that there has been an increase in the participation of the private sector with respect to discussions on topics related to innovation. However, the results from the interface of this sector with the public sector have had limited effectiveness as the demands of private firms remain unmet. I also find that there is a lack of culture of innovation in the private sector, as well as strategic planning on the part of both the public and private sectors, and that these factors impede the formulation and implementation of more effective innovation policies.

No description available.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:39:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AndressaMO_DISSERT.pdf: 496864 bytes, checksum: 8aeadc642d4848ec83bc437bd672cdfb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-23 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The undergraduate courses in Psychology have been historically pointed as defective in aspects related to the critical education and the integration between theory and practice. Hence, the scientific education has been considered a possibility to overcome those lacks. Therefore, this study has investigated the undergraduate education process of Psychology students with PIBIC (Portuguese acronym for Undergraduate Scientific Research Scholarships Institutional Program) scholarships from CNPq (Portuguese acronym Brazilian National Council of Scientific and Technological Development). The scholarship program has been a strategic tool for the undergraduate scientific research. Electronic questionnaires have been sent to all the PIBIC scholarship students of Psychology in Brazil (622; 104 have answered), containing questions about the program developed activities, tutoring and advising, PIBIC evaluation and other ones. The students scientific and academic production has also been investigated through their Lattes (CNPq s Platform in which researchers have their academic r?sum?s). The major part of the participants (70%) has stated that the first motivation to be in the program had been their interest in the research or in the academic career. Furthermore, 60% of the scholarship students has worked as volunteers before receiving PIBIC scholarship. Among the students who have answered the research, 65,4% has reported they are tutored directly by their advisors, and 80% of them attends one or more than one advising meeting every fifteen days. It has been identified that the Psychology scholarship students do not participate in all the research activities and that the proximity with the advisor is related to the accomplishment of tasks which contributes with the student critical and reflexive education. Finally, less than 25% of the students has published scientific articles or book chapters during the scholarship, what XI demonstrates a possible exclusion of them in that phase of the process. In general, the scholarship students evaluate the program positively by revealing that it contributes with their professional and academic education. For those reasons, it is observed PIBIC s potential role for the undergraduate education in order to develop more critical psychologists able to propose innovations and contextualized practices. However, the results obtained in programs like the studied one denounce the disqualification of the provided undergraduate education for the major part of the university students, who do not have a PIBIC scholarship. As a result, it is emphasized that it there should be more investment for improving the quality of the undergraduate education itself and not only for programs which are available for few students / A gradua??o em Psicologia tem sido, historicamente, apontada como deficit?ria em aspectos relacionados ? forma??o cr?tica e integra??o entre teoria e pr?tica. Nesse sentido, a forma??o cient?fica ? indicada como uma possibilidade para suprir essas lacunas. Dessa forma, este trabalho investigou como acontece a forma??o dos alunos de Psicologia bolsistas do PIBIC/CNPq, iniciativa estrat?gica para a forma??o inicial em pesquisa na gradua??o. Foram enviados question?rios eletr?nicos para todos os bolsistas em Psicologia do Brasil (622, 104 responderam), com quest?es sobre atividades desenvolvidas, orienta??o, avalia??o sobre o programa, entre outras. Investigou-se tamb?m a produ??o acad?mico-cient?fica, por meio de consulta aos curr?culos Lattes dos respondentes. A maioria dos participantes (70%) afirmou que a principal motiva??o para entrar no programa foi o interesse na pesquisa ou na carreira acad?mica. 60% dos bolsistas exerceram atividade como volunt?rios antes de serem contemplados com a bolsa. Dos respondentes, 65,4% s?o de fato acompanhados diretamente pelo orientador e 80% t?m orienta??es uma ou mais vezes a cada 15 dias. Identificou-se que os bolsistas de Psicologia n?o participam de todas as atividades da pesquisa e que a proximidade com o orientador est? relacionada ? realiza??o de tarefas que favorecem a forma??o cr?tico-reflexiva do aluno. Por fim, menos de 25% dos alunos publicaram artigos ou cap?tulos de livros, demonstrando poss?vel exclus?o do aluno dessa fase. No geral, os bolsistas avaliam positivamente o programa, acreditando que esse contribui para sua forma??o acad?mica e profissional. Diante disso, assinala-se o potencial do PIBIC para a forma??o de psic?logos mais cr?ticos e capazes de propor inova??es e pr?ticas contextualizadas. Contudo, resultados obtidos em programas como esse denunciam a desqualifica??o da forma??o que a maior parte dos alunos, n?o bolsistas, recebem. IX Assim, ressalta-se que deve haver maior investimento para melhoria do ensino de gradua??o e n?o apenas para programas que atingem poucos alunos

The acquisition and development of new technologies are essential to the process of growth and economic development of a country or a region. The traditional model of technical change claimed that technology could be transferred from developed countries and applied effectively and efficiently in the economies of developing countries, with the "guarantee" of achieving the same success. However, one of the major factors to be considered in this case is the technological capabilities of the country or region that will receive this technology. Many studies have shown that local technological capability can be critical to its economic and social development. Thus, this study aims to verify the configuration of technological capabilities of states in Northeast Region in 2010. Therefore, we calculated a Technological Capability Index (TCI) for each state, using the same methodology of calculation of Technology Achievement Index, proposed by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP). With this index, it was also possible to analyze each dimension that influences the technological capabilities of the Northeast. Because the methodology of the TAI does not allow a comparison between two different times, we used the model of multidimensional scaling to make a comparison exercise between 2007 and 2010, aiming to realize which states had less heterogeneous capabilities, appearing closer in perceptual map, and which states had the most heterogeneous capabilities in relation to the others. TCI‘s results showed that the state of Paraíba, in 2010, presented a higher technological effort to create a system of capabilities that allows the introduction of innovations than other states of Northeast region. Regarding the comparison of the regional technological capabilities in the years 2007 and 2010, it may be possible to say that there were changes in the regional setting of the capabilities, especially the scientific capabilities and human skills, reducing the dissimilarities of technological capabilities among some states in the Northeast Region. / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A aquisição e desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias são essenciais para o processo de crescimento e desenvolvimento econômico de um país ou uma região. O modelo tradicional de mudança técnica afirmava que a tecnologia poderia ser transferida dos países já desenvolvidos e aplicada, de maneira eficaz e eficiente, nas economias dos países em desenvolvimento, com ―garantia‖ de obtenção do mesmo sucesso. Porém, um dos grandes fatores a ser considerado, neste caso, são as capacitações tecnológicas do país ou região que irá receber essa tecnologia. Muitos estudos já mostraram que a capacitação tecnológica de um local pode ser fundamental para o seu desenvolvimento econômico e social. Desta forma, o presente trabalho tem como principal objetivo verificar como estavam configuradas as capacitações tecnológicas dos estados da região Nordeste no ano de 2010. Para tanto, calculou-se um Índice de Capacitação Tecnológica – ICT estadual, utilizando a mesma metodologia de cálculo do Technology Achievement Index, proposta pelo Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento (PNUD). Com esse índice, também foi possível fazer uma análise de cada dimensão que influencia nas capacitações tecnológicas do Nordeste. Como a metodologia do TAI não permite uma comparação entre dois momentos diferentes, utilizou-se o modelo de escalonamento multidimensional para fazer um exercício de comparação entre os anos de 2007 e 2010, tentando perceber que estados tinham suas capacitações menos heterogêneas, aparecendo mais próximos no mapa de percepção, e quais estados tinham capacitações mais heterogêneas em relação aos demais. Os resultados do ICT mostraram que o estado da Paraíba, no ano de 2010, apresentou um esforço tecnológico para criar um sistema de capacitações, que permite a introdução de inovações, maior que os demais estados da região Nordeste. Em relação à comparação das capacitações tecnológicas da região nos anos de 2007 e 2010, talvez seja possível afirmar que houve mudanças na configuração regional das capacitações, principalmente as capacitações científicas e as habilidades humanas, reduzindo as dissimilaridades de capacitações tecnológicas entre alguns estados da região Nordeste.