The purpose of this thesis is finding out whether offering an Online STPS Graduate Program with a tuition fee is feasible or not. Firstly, definition and brief history of distance education is given. Secondly, distance education applications in the world and in Turkey are studied. The main part of the thesis is the cost analysis made about the online delivery of STPS Graduate Program. The cost items of offering an online course are determined and then specific cost values are assigned to these items. By determining the cost items and related cost values, course development cost is calculated. In the course development cost calculation, fixed and variable costs are seperated. Fixed cost are the set-up costs that do not depend on any variable. Variable costs on the other hand are the costs that change with the number of students attending to the online course. A specific price value ( 100$ ) is assigned as the tuition fee for one credit hour of an online course. At the end of the cost analysis, the number of students required to meet the total cost of an online course is calculated. In addition, a questionnaire made on STPS students by STPS department is used in the thesis. The results of the questionnaire and the cost analysis are combined in order to analyze the feasibility of offering an online STPS Graduate Program.

From 1960-4 the British government embarked on two large-scale space research programmes to develop satellite launchers. After first being cancelled as a military project in 1960, the Blue Streak missile was converted into the first stage of a British-led European collaborative project to build a three stage satellite launcher (through the European Launcher Development Organisation - ELDO). Born out of the Black Knight warhead re-entry testing vehicle, the independent Black Arrow project aimed to launch small satellites for scientific experimentation. With European collaborations, American scientific knowledge, and an Australian testing site, decisions affecting British space research had wide reaching diplomatic as well as domestic consequences. However, by 1973, both of these programmes had been cancelled. By examining the complex formation of British policy on these two space research projects, I will identify the alliances of actors involved focusing on understanding the role of civil servants, and the domestic, economic, and foreign policy priorities which directed their policy-making. This thesis seeks to address two contradictions raised by British policy on space research, and historical analysis of this period. Firstly, if we accept that Britain was not in decline in this period, the how can the history of two projects which is dominated by their cancellation be explained? Secondly, how British governments could reconcile their policy towards ELDO (threatening to withdraw almost yearly from 1966-73) with their stated aim to accede to the European Communities and their repeated rhetoric that the increased potential for scientific and technological collaboration was a key benefit of British accession? In order to address these contradictions I focus on decisions and decision-makers within government. By tracking policy arguments and options to their very beginnings I show throughout this thesis the way in which individuals frame, shape and direct policy. This thesis provides new insights into the foreign and domestic policy priorities of the four governments in this period by tracking the balance of priorities in policy making in two major space research projects. Close examination of ELDO and Black Arrow highlights that their cancellation is not a symbol of British decline, but instead represent active choices by decision-makers to engage in new areas of research. This supports the work of historians challenging the idea that Britain was in decline in this period, and suggests that cancelled projects should be re-examined.

abstract: This dissertation examines the nexus of three trends in electricity systems transformations underway worldwide—the scale-up of renewable energy, regionalization, and liberalization. Interdependent electricity systems are being envisioned that require partnership and integration across power disparities. This research explores how actors in the Mediterranean region envisioned a massive scale-up of renewable energy within a single electricity system and market across Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East. It asks: How are regional sociotechnical systems envisioned? What are the anticipated consequences of a system for a region with broad disparities and deep sociopolitical differences? What can be learned about energy justice by examining this vision at multiple scales? A sociotechnical systems framework is used to analyze energy transformations, interweaving the technical aspects with politics, societal effects, and political development issues. This research utilized mixed qualitative methods to analyze Mediterranean electricity transformations at multiple scales, including fieldwork in Morocco and Germany, document analysis, and event ethnography. Each scale—from a global history of concentrating solar power technologies to a small village in Morocco—provides a different lens on the sociotechnical system and its implications for justice. This study updates Thomas Hughes’ Networks of Power, the canonical history of the sociotechnical development of electricity systems, by adding new aspects to sociotechnical electricity systems theory. First, a visioning process now plays a crucial role in guiding innovation and has a lasting influence on the justice outcomes. Second, rather than simply providing people with heat and light, electrical power systems in the 21st century are called upon to address complex integrated solutions. Furthermore, building a sustainable energy system is now a retrofitting agenda, as system builders must graft new infrastructure on top of old systems. Third, the spatial and temporal aspects of sociotechnical energy systems should be amended to account for constructed geography and temporal complexity. Fourth, transnational electricity systems pose new challenges for politics and political development. Finally, this dissertation presents a normative framework for conceptualizing and evaluating energy justice. Multi-scalar, systems-level justice requires collating diverse ideas about energy justice, expanding upon them based on the empirical material, and evaluating them with this framework. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Science and Technology Policy 2015

Submitted by Lucas Seneme Ruy null (lucasseneme@gmail.com) on 2017-08-01T04:57:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação biblioteca.pdf: 1065928 bytes, checksum: aa40c8654fa43e1f5334d5ab63bc1e62 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com) on 2017-08-03T17:10:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ruy_ls_me_arafcl.pdf: 1065928 bytes, checksum: aa40c8654fa43e1f5334d5ab63bc1e62 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-03T17:10:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ruy_ls_me_arafcl.pdf: 1065928 bytes, checksum: aa40c8654fa43e1f5334d5ab63bc1e62 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / As inovações ambientais são a base para direcionar todas as atividades rumo à economia verde, que é considerado o novo paradigma técnico-econômico, sendo capaz de transformar toda a base de conhecimentos pré-estabelecida e, consequentemente, incentivar a tomada de decisão dos agentes em prol deste tipo de inovação, benéfica tanto economicamente quanto ambientalmente. O mercado é importante para este direcionamento, mas pode ser ineficiente ou vagaroso demais nesta transição de base científica, o que justifica a intervenção de outros agentes da sociedade, entre eles, o Estado. O Estado consegue estimular as inovações ambientais realizando uma abordagem integrada entre políticas de ciência e tecnologia e políticas ambientais. Para isso, é necessário estímulos aos setores mais limpos e punir (ou estimular inovações ambientais) dentro de atividades poluentes. O objetivo do trabalho é averiguar se há esta sinergia entre estas políticas no Brasil em comparação com países selecionados da Europa, que apresentaram bom desempenho em relação a geração e difusão de inovações ambientais. Os resultados constataram que há um grande distanciamento do Brasil frente a Europa em relação as políticas de ciência e tecnologia e ambientais voltadas a inovações ambientais, bem como a baixa utilização de estímulos econômicos, impactando diretamente no desempenho das inovações ambientais brasileiras. / Environmental innovations are the basis for directing all economic activities towards green economy, which is considered to be a new techno-economic paradigm and capable of transforming the entire pre-established knowledge base and therefore, encouraging the agents decision making to be in favor of these innovations, which are, at the same time, beneficial both economically and environmentally. Market is fundamental for this direction; however, it might be inefficient or slow in this transition of scientific basis, which justifies the intervention of other society agents, among them, the State. The State is able to promote environmental innovations by creating an integrated approach between science and technology policies and environmental policies. In order to achieve this purpose, it is necessary to encourage the cleaner sectors and discourage polluting activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate how synergistic are the science and technology policies and environmental policies in Brazil in comparison to those in Europe, which presented a good performance regarding generation and diffusion of environmental innovations. Results showed that there is a great distance from Brazil and Europe when considering science and technology policies and environmental policies directed to environmental innovations. Moreover, Brazil has a poor use of economic instruments, which reflects directly on Brazilian environmental innovations performance.

Os parques tecnológicos surgiram como uma tentativa de países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento em aumentar o padrão de competitividade por meio do suporte a inovação tecnológica em ambientes desenhados especificamente para isto. No Brasil, os parques tecnológicos foram uma resposta tardia, dos anos 2000, a um movimento que já ocorria em diversos países do mundo há algumas décadas. O desenvolvimento de novos parques tecnológicos a partir dos anos 2000 nos faz levantar a seguinte pergunta de pesquisa: qual o atual cenário de parques tecnológicos brasileiros? Quais possuem atributos que lhe trazem potencial para desenvolvimento em global? Qual o papel do governo no suporte ao surgimento e desenvolvimento de parques tecnológicos? A partir da montagem de um quadro conceitual e da análise de cada instituição que terceiros chamam de parque tecnológico no Brasil, pudemos identificar o grau de novidade que tais instituições possuem no Brasil, bem como alguns parques que, sob a luz de nosso quadro conceitual, possuem atributos que podem lhes permitir galgar elevado grau de desenvolvimento. O estudo também nos mostra que políticas públicas federais de fomento aos parques tecnológicos foram e são essenciais para o desenvolvimento dessas instituições no país. Apresento, a partir de meticuloso estudo qualitativo, o atual cenário de parques tecnológicos no Brasil, estudos aprofundados sobre os parques mais avançados, e alguns dos desafios para o governo no que tange ao desenvolvimento de política pública com maior especificidade segundo o tipo de parque tecnológico e seu grau de desenvolvimento. / Technology parks have emerged as an attempt to developed and developing countries improve their competitiveness standard through supporting technological innovation in environments designed specifically for this reason. In Brazil, technology parks are a late response (emerged on 2000s) for a movement which started in other countries in the second half of XX century. The development of new technology parks since early in 2000s are the inspiration for our main research questions: What is the current scenario of technology parks in Brazil? Which technology parks have attributes which bring them potential for their development in global level? What is the role of government in supporting the emergence and the development of technology parks in Brazil? From the assembly of a conceptual framework and from the analysis of each institution that third parties call technology parks in Brazil, we identify the degree of novelty that such institutions have in Brazil, as well as some parks that, under our conceptual framework, have the attributes that can enable them to climb high levels of development. Our study also shows that federal policies to promote technology parks were and are essential for their advance in Brazil. We bring, from a meticulous qualitative study, the current scenario of technology parks in Brazil, and case studies of the most advanced technology parks, shedding light on some of the challenges to the government regarding the development of a public policy with greater focus on the kind of technology park, according to each degree of development.

Orientador: Sergio Luiz Monteir Salles Filho / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T19:24:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ritz_MariaRitadeCassia.pdf: 1578562 bytes, checksum: 4739481739af578643801fbde5d20798 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: O trabalho analisa os Institutos Privados Sem Fins Lucrativos de P&D no Brasil do segmento das TICs sob a ótica de sua importância no sistema nacional de inovação. Apesar de não ter a intenção de esgotar o entendimento sobre este ator, lança luz na forma como ele se organiza e como responde às dificuldades encontradas para garantir sua existência. Este é um ator relativamente novo, pelo menos neste setor, surgindo efetivamente a partir da década de 90, inserido num ambiente de reestruturação do papel do Estado e de globalização dos mercados. Para entendê-lo é necessário compreender a motivação de sua existência, como está organizado e que tipo de bem produz. Para tanto, um estudo de casos, compreendendo cinco instituições representativas, foi empreendido, com objetivo de buscar elementos que fundamentasse o entendimento do setor. São elas: C.E.S.A.R - Centro de Estudos e Sistemas Avançados do Recife, CITS - Centro Internacional de Tecnologia de Software, Instituto de Pesquisas Eldorado, FITec - Fundação para Inovações Tecnológicas e o Genius Instituto de Tecnologia. A tese está organizada em cinco capítulos, sendo que o primeiro discute a questão da organização da P&D no segmento privado sem fins lucrativos à luz das seguintes vertentes: das externalidades produzidas pelo financiamento público da P&D sob o finaciamento privado e também nas implicações resultantes dos modelos abertos e menos hierarquizados que estas organizações estão adotando. No segundo capítulo faz-se um resgate da discussão do sistema nacional de inovação brasileiro considerando o aparato político, legal e jurídico que dá respaldo às demandas do segmemto. No terceiro, apresentam-se algumas experiências de instituições nacionais e internacionais tendo em vista os processos de reorganização pelo qual passaram e no quarto apresentam-se as instituições participantes da pesquisa, qualificando suas trajetórias do ponto de vista organizacional, tais como, origem e administração de seus recursos (humanos e financeiros), rede de relacionamentos estabelecida com os diferentes atores do sistema, competências agregadas e externalidades produzidas pelo segmento. Por fim, no quinto e último procede-se às conclusões, no qual ressalta-se a importância deste ator para o sistema nacional de inovação no que tange à sua abrangência e importância e também apresentam-se algumas considerações que julga-se tenham alcance nacional, tendo em vista que as dificuldades e avanços das instituições são muito semelhantes. / Abstract: The thesis analyses the private non-profit Institutes of R&D in Brazil in the ICT sector from the perspective of their importance in innovation national system. Despite not having the intention of depleting the understanding on this player, emphasizes how its organized and how it faces the difficulties in order to ensure its existence. This is a relatively new player, effectively emerging from 90's, occurring in state's role restructuring environment and markets globalization. In order to understand this context it's necessary to comprehend its existence motivation, how it's organized and what kind of goods it originates. Therefore, a case, including five representative institutions, was undertaken aiming this sector understanding. These are: CESAR - Center for Advanced Studies and Systems of Recife, CITS - International Centre for Software Technology, Institute of Research Eldorado, FITec - Foundation for Innovation and Technology Genius Institute of Technology. The work is organized in five chapters, on which the first discusses the question of R&D organization in the private non-profit segment considering the following components: externalities produced by public funding for R&D through private funding and also impacts from open models and less hierarchical structure adopted by these organizations. The second chapter relates to the discussion of Brazilian national innovation system considering its political apparatus and legal, which supports this sector demands. In the third, its presented some national and international institutions experience regarding the processes reorganization by which it has been through and the fourth the participating institutions of this thesis are presented, describing their trajectories within an organizational perspective, such as origin and its resources administration (human and financial), relationship networks established among system's different players, competencies and externalities produced by the sector. Therefore, the fifth and the last chapter proceeds the conclusions, which emphasizes this actor's importance for the national innovation system regarding to their scope and importance and also presents some proposals which could have national reach, considering that the difficulties and advances in this sector are very similar. / Tese (doutoado) - Universidade / Doutor em Política Científica e Tecnológica

abstract: While artificial intelligence (AI) has seen enormous technical progress in recent years, less progress has occurred in understanding the governance issues raised by AI. In this dissertation, I make four contributions to the study and practice of AI governance. First, I connect AI to the literature and practices of responsible research and innovation (RRI) and explore their applicability to AI governance. I focus in particular on AI’s status as a general purpose technology (GPT), and suggest some of the distinctive challenges for RRI in this context such as the critical importance of publication norms in AI and the need for coordination. Second, I provide an assessment of existing AI governance efforts from an RRI perspective, synthesizing for the first time a wide range of literatures on AI governance and highlighting several limitations of extant efforts. This assessment helps identify areas for methodological exploration. Third, I explore, through several short case studies, the value of three different RRI-inspired methods for making AI governance more anticipatory and reflexive: expert elicitation, scenario planning, and formal modeling. In each case, I explain why these particular methods were deployed, what they produced, and what lessons can be learned for improving the governance of AI in the future. I find that RRI-inspired methods have substantial potential in the context of AI, and early utility to the GPT-oriented perspective on what RRI in AI entails. Finally, I describe several areas for future work that would put RRI in AI on a sounder footing. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Human and Social Dimensions of Science and Technology 2019

No description available.

This project examines the construction of the Taiwan high-speed rail (THSR; 台灣高鐵) technology as a vehicle of Taiwanese identity formation. The THSR project is a product of a hybridization of design from Japan and Europe. The Japanese and Europeans transferred their HSR technology to Taiwan, but Taiwanese policy actors and engineers localized and assimilated it to their politics, society and history. They reconstructed the meanings of HSR technology in an indigenized (Ben-Tu-Hua; 本土化) and democratic way. In addition to focusing on the THSR's technological content and engineering practice, this dissertation explores how Taiwan identity formation has shaped technology and vice versa. The identity formation and technological construction in Taiwan tell one techno-political story. Since the 1960s and 1970s, Taiwanese engineers were forced by international politics to cannibalize technological projects, but later they began to localize and hybridize different foreign engineering skills and knowledge. This growing engineering culture of hybridity generated impacts on the development of Taiwan's identity politics. Some critical political leaders exploited their engineers' capability to hybridize to introduce international power into Taiwan. This power then was used to either strengthen the Taiwanese population's Chinese identity or to build their Taiwanese identity. Both politics and technology offered each other restrains and opportunities. This project offers an approach from science and technology studies to understand postcolonial technopolitics. The engineering practice of hybridity in Taiwan has become a locally transformed knowledge to reframe and negotiate with the more advanced technologies from the West and Japan, even though it was a contingent outcome of earlier international politics. In addition to technological non-dependence, this engineering culture of hybridity has given the Taiwanese an independent political vision not only against China but the West and Japan. However, Taiwan paid significant prices to acquire technological non-dependence and international independence. In addition to extra wasted money and time, some over design was often seen in their public projects. Large technological projects also often draw political patronage. Moreover, techno-political survival alone might not be enough to represent postcolonial resistance. / Ph. D.

This dissertation presents the case for a normative vision of the relationship between technical experts and other non-expert members of a democratic citizenry. This vision is grounded in two key insights that have emerged from the field of science and technology studies. First, is the "third wave" science studies movement that identifies problems of expertise as the "pressing intellectual problem of the age." Characterized by the problems of legitimacy and extension, Collins and Evans build the case for the extension of the category of expertise to include those who have the relevant experience but lack relevant accreditation. Alongside this extension of the category of expertise is the extension of those who participate in the framing of techno-scientific issues. This dissertation builds a case for the inclusion of all democratic citizens in the problem framing process. What we are left with from the current "third wave" literature is a multi-tiered prescription for the role of non-experts in public decision-making about science and technology. On the ground floor, when the issue is being framed there is a need to include non-expert stakeholders (in theory, any concerned democratic citizen). Once a framing of the problem has been constructed, there is a need to recognize a larger category of people who count as "expert." Together, these constitute the two most powerful prescriptive elements of expertise developed in the recent science studies literature. The dissertation then explores claims that it is specifically "deliberative" theories of democracy that are best suited to make sense out of this democratization of expertise. After presenting a typology of deliberative theories of democracy that clears up a serious problem of equivocation found in appeals to deliberative democracy in current STS literature, this dissertation argues that only a specific set of deliberative theories of democracy, "discursive" deliberative theories of democracy, are capable of fulfilling the role theories of deliberative democracy are assigned in current STS literature. The dissertation then goes on to suggest how these new insights into the democratization of expertise might affect future instantiations of technology assessment mechanisms (such as the office of Technology Assessment) in the U.S. / Ph. D.