Phase two was a large scale survey, whereby a convenient sample of 1319 junior secondary school students were recruited from five schools in the main study. A total number of 1211 students aged 11 years and older completed the questionnaires. The results of the main study showed that the three occurrences of bullying stressors which occurred most frequently were "Bullies make fun of my physical appearance unpleasantly", "Bullies insult me in front of other people" and "Bullies intentionally trick me". Findings also indicated that adolescents often appraised bullying as being "Physical harm or emotional hurt" and "Threaten of getting harm or loss". In particular, the highest levels of stress experienced by adolescents were in incidents where "Bullies gain peer support that I deserved to be bullied", "Bullies make fun of my physical appearance unpleasantly" and "Bullies insult me causing me to lose emotional control". Elaborating further on the Chi-square analysis measuring on the frequency of bullying behaviors, the results indicated that there were significant gender differences with regard to types of bullying behaviors such as "Being hit, beaten and punched", "Made fun of me and treated me badly", and "Being threatened to be beaten". In general, it was discovered that adolescent boys were more inclined to be involved in different types of direct and indirect bullying behaviors than girls. / Significant findings of regression analyses showed that only appraisals of school bullying to be a mediator in the relationship between levels of stress and psychological distress of school bullying. Emotional focused coping strategies and parental-support were found to be the partial mediators. Moreover, appraisals of school bullying and emotional focused coping strategies were also found to be partial mediators in the relationship between levels of stress and social distress. More importantly, appraisals of school bullying and parent-adolescent closeness were also shown to play a moderating role in the link between levels of stress and psychological distress arising from school bullying. In contrast, only problem-focused coping strategies, friendship support and parent-adolescent closeness were seen to play a moderating role in the relationship between levels of stress and social distress. (Abstract shortened by UMI.) / The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of Hong Kong adolescents involved in school bullying and to examine the stressors, perceived levels of stress, appraisals, coping strategies, coping resources and psychological consequences arising from school bullying. / The T-test analysis also highlighted the disparity between boys and girls with regard to direct bullying, indirect bullying, and levels of stress, emotional-focused coping strategies, parental support, parent-adolescent closeness and psychological distress of school bullying. The F-value of the one-way ANOVA showed that there were statistically significant grade differences in problem-focused coping strategies and parental support for the three grade groups. According to the results of correlation analyses, the levels of stress was found to have positive significant correlations with appraisal of threat, appraisal of harm, emotional focused coping strategies, social distress and psychological distress. Moreover, psychological distress was positively associated with appraisal of harm, appraisal of threat and emotional-focused coping strategies but negatively related to family support. Social distress was also found to be positively associated with appraisal of harm, appraisal of threat and emotional-focused coping strategies, however social distress was only negatively related to parental-support. / This study attempted to link the two bodies of "Bullying" and "Cognitive-transaction coping" knowledge to conceptualize "coping with stress of school bullying" as being a complex interplay between the person and the environment. This involved incorporating a cross sectional study of the quantitative approach which was comprised of two phases: Phase one was essentially the conducting of a pilot test to ensure the reliability and selection of measuring scales which would be used for the purposes of conducting the main study. These scales included "School Bullying Behavior" scale, "Levels of Stress" scale, "Appraisals of School Bullying" scale, "Adolescent Coping of Bullying" scale, "Coping Resources of Bullying" scale and the "Psychosocial Consequences of Bullying" scale. Based on a convenient sample of sixty known-case adolescent victims, the six instruments selected for the main study, were shown to have reliability coefficients exceeding 0.70 and thus only minor modifications to measuring scales were made. Based on the pre-test findings, a questionnaire comprising 170 items was developed to measure the perceptions of adolescents toward school bullying behaviors, the levels of stress encountered and appraisals of school bullying. The questionnaire also measured coping strategies adopted by students, coping resources used, psychosocial consequences of school bullying and the social demographic profile of the main study. / Law, Kin Man. / Adviser: Ma Lai Chong. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 71-01, Section: A, page: 0333. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 354-387). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

李泳萱. / "2008年4月". / "2008 nian 4 yue". / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 161-171). / Abstract also in English. / Li Yongxuan. / Abstract --- p.i / 論文摘要 --- p.iii / 致謝 --- p.v / 論文目錄 --- p.viii / Chapter 第一章 --- 硏究意義和目的：一些現實與理論的背景 --- p.1 / Chapter 第二章 --- 理論架構 --- p.9 / Chapter 第三章 --- 硏究問題 --- p.23 / Chapter 第四章 --- 硏究方法 --- p.27 / Chapter 第五章 --- 硏究田野背景資料 --- p.38 / Chapter 第六章 --- 師生關係與女性氣質論述 --- p.50 / Chapter 第七章 --- 性態論述與性別關係 --- p.83 / Chapter 第八章 --- 學業表現與女性氣質論述 --- p.110 / Chapter 第九章 --- 論文討論及總結 --- p.145 / 參考文獻 --- p.161 / Reference --- p.162

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Psychology

published_or_final_version / Speech and Hearing Sciences / Master / Master of Science in Audiology

published_or_final_version / Medical Sciences / Master / Master of Medical Sciences

published_or_final_version / Social Work / Master / Master of Social Sciences

published_or_final_version / Social Work / Master / Master of Social Sciences

Interdiction：Little attention has been paid on the association between weight status and Hong Kong adolescents’ sexuality. Nowadays, increasing incidence of risky sexual behaviours caused negative outcomes among adolescents. Studies showed that obesity population suffer difficult social relationships and had bad school performance. The aim of this study is to identify associations between BMI, BSD status and sex-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviours among Hong Kong adolescents. Methods: This population-based study uses secondary data from Youth Sexuality Study (YSS), it is a self-administered questionnaire conducted by Hong Kong Family Planning Association (HKFPA). 2329 secondary school Form 3 to Form 7 students successfully completed the survey were included in the study. The primary outcome is sexual knowledge scores, sexual attitudes scores, dating status and intercourse status. Body mass index (BMI) was estimated to classify weight status categories (categorized by normal weight, underweight, overweight, and obese) according to IOTF cutoffs and WHO BMI guideline. Body shape dissatisfaction was defined as a discrepancy between current and ideal body shape based on a figure rating scale. Age, gender, grade, parental education levels and BMI were adjusted as confounders. Generalized linear models were used to analyze the association between weight status and sex-related knowledge, and attitudes. A binary logistic regression was used to compare associations between weight status and sex-related behaviours and provide odds ratios (OR). Results: 7.1% of respondents were classified into underweight, 83.4% normal weight, 6.3% overweight and 3.2% obese. Obese students had an average a sexual attitudes score 1.26 (95% CI: 1.21, 6.96) point higher than that of the normal weight students, and obese girls had a mean attitudes score 1.24 higher than normal weight girls, it is significant association. A means of 0.59 points higher of sexual attitudes score for desired a larger BS students compared to no dissatisfaction. Odds ratio was showed for overweight boys of 1.74 (95% CI: 1.08, 2.79) showed likely to had dating. There was no significant association of knowledge score with current weight status after adjustment of confounders. Likewise, there was no significant association between weight status and intercourse status. Conclusion: Overweight and desired a smaller body shape was significantly associated with sexual attitudes that are accepting of risk-taking behaviours. Being overweight and desiring a smaller body shape was also associated with increased probability of ever having dated, but only in males. This study provided some findings to suggest adolescents’ sexuality and weight status for Hong Kong government’s policy making agenda. There need to be more allocation of education resources in expanding mental and social-relationship consultancy for obesity adolescents and those who desired a smaller body shape, and to develop risky sex-related behaviours prevention to obesity male adolescents. / published_or_final_version / Public Health / Master / Master of Public Health

published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / Education / Master / Master of Education

published_or_final_version / Social Work and Social Administration / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy