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Each winter, Britain spends up to £120 million spreading approximately 2 million tonnes of rock salt on our roads to keep them free of ice and snow. This thesis shows that it would be possible to significantly reduce the amount of salt spread, by improving the accuracy of the Road Danger Warnings issued to Highway Authorities. Each day in winter, the maintenance engineer receives a Road Danger Warning from his local weather centre. Unfortunately these Warnings are not very accurate because they are based on forecasts of minimum air temperature alone, rather than using road surface temperatures. During the winter of 1982/83, of 102 Road Danger Warnings issued to Hereford and Worcester County Council, only 32 were correct in predicting icy conditions on the MS motorway. This thesis presents a computer model to predict ice formation on roads up to 24 hours ahead. During the winter of 1978/79 instruments were installed in the M4 motorway to measure road surface temperature and wetness. The computer model has been tested retrospectively for 30 nights when the road surface temperature fell below 5°C. The predicted minimum road surface temperature has a root mean square error of 0.9°C. During the winters of 1982/83 and 1983/84, the model was tested in 'real time' against road surface temperatures measured automatically on the M5 and M6 motorways, giving a root mean square error of 1.5°C for 80 nights during 1.982/83, and 1.3°c for 120 nights during 1983/84. The form of the issued Road Danger Warnings has been changed from a simple sentence issued over the telephone or using telex, to a graph of predicted road surface temperature and wetness. An optimistic and a pessimistic graph is issued to give the maintenance engineer an idea of the certainty of the forecast. The thesis proposes a national network of automatic road surface monitoring sites. Each site would be linked to microcomputers in local weather centres, which would then run the prediction model and issue Road Danger Warnings accordingly. The information could then be sent to maintenance engineers using Prestel.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:32:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:56:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 02296.pdf: 1042052 bytes, checksum: 116cb5674c7b57efb96894fc34b3f49e (MD5) / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

ITC/USA 2009 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Fifth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 26-29, 2009 / Riviera Hotel & Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / In this project, a telemetry system is implemented to save firefighters from potential danger in their working environment. Each Firefighter has a "node" or "unit" attached to them which contains temperature, oxygen, and carbon-monoxide sensors, and a transceiver. Each node constantly transmits data collected by the sensors to a central "base station." The base station consists of a laptop which is monitored by the Fire Chief at a safe distance from the scene, and it displays gas levels. The base station monitors the sensor readings, and sets off an alarm locally and also at the node if a reading has reached a predetermined critical value.

The objective of this study was to determine the ability of a passive temperature monitoring system consisting of radio frequency identification (RFID) boluses with thermistors and receiver panels to detect ovulation in high performing dairy cows. The twice-daily reticulo-rumen temperature (Trr) acquisitions of 41 early-lactation Holstein dairy cows were analyzed. The data were analyzed using two criteria: six baseline days (2d, 3d, 4d, 5d, 6d, 7d) and four temperature deviations (0.2°C, 0.3°C, 0.4°C, 0.5°C). The best criteria were chosen by selecting the baseline/deviation combination that gave the best positive predictive value (PPV). The system detected 93 true positive and 267 false positive alerts of ovulation, with a monitoring rate (MR) of 47% and a PPV of 46.2%. There were indications that the Cow Temperature Monitoring System could have a future as an ovulation detection aid, but due to the unreliability of the Wi-Fi transmission of acquisitions, more research needs to be conducted before definite conclusions can be drawn.

Dissertation (Ph.D.)--University of South Florida, 2006. / Title from PDF of title page. Document formatted into pages; contains 66 pages. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Orientador: Dirlei Antonio Berto / Resumo: Para avaliar os efeitos da ensilagem e da preservação química dos grãos úmidos de milho e sorgo sobre as modificações no endosperma e nos grânulos de amido, foram estudados os seguintes tratamentos (T): T1- Milho seco (variedade A) inteiro; T2- Milho seco (variedade A) moído; T3- Milho úmido (variedade A) moído e ensilado, T4- Milho úmido(variedade A) moído, acidificado com 1,2% de propionato de cálcio e ensilado; T5- Milho úmido (variedade B) moído e ensilado; T6 - Milho úmido (variedade B) moído e preservado quimicamente (2,4% de propionato de cálcio); T7- Sorgo seco (baixo tanino) moído, T8- Sorgo seco (alto tanino) moído; T9- Sorgo úmido (baixo tanino) moído e ensilado;. T10- Sorgo úmido (alto tanino) moído e ensilado. Os processamentos de ensilagem e preservação química dos grãos úmidos, determinaram redução no teor de amido em relação ao milho ou sorgo secos. No processo de ensilagem ocorreu rompimento da matriz protéica que envolve os grânulos de amido e alterações estruturais nos grânulos, como aumento no diâmetro dos poros e concavidade central, semelhante ao que ocorre nos processos de digestão enzimática, sendo que estas alterações foram mais intensas nos grânulos de amido de milho do que de sorgo. A temperatura máxima no interior do silo não é suficiente para geleificar o amido. / Abstract: To evaluate the effect of ensiling or chemical preservation of high-moisture corn and sorghum grain on the modifications occurring in the endosperm and starch granules, the following treatments (T) were studied were studied: T1 - whole dry corn grain (variety A); T2 - ground dry corn grain (variety A); T3 - high-moisture corn grain(variety B), ground and ensiled; T4 - high-moisture corn grain (variety A), ground, acidified with 1.2 % calcium propionate and ensiled; T5 - high-moisture corn grain (variety B), ground and ensiled; T6 - high-moisture corn grain (variety B), ground and chemically preserved with 2.4 % calcium propionate; T7 - dry and ground low-tannin sorghum; T8 - dry and ground high-tannin sorghum; T9 - high-moisture, low-tannin sorghum, ground and ensiled; T10 - high-moisture, high-tannin sorghum, ground and ensiled. Ensiling or chemically preserving reduced the starch content, as compared to dry corn or sorghum. A rupture of the protein matrix (which covers the starch granules) was observed during the ensiling process; structural changes were also detected, such as the increase in pore diameters and in the central concavity, similar to what occurs during enzymatic digestion. These changes were more intense in the corn starch granules than in the sorghum granules. Even the highest temperature detected inside the silos was not enough to gelatinize starch. / Doutor

<p>A clinically viable brain-machine interface (BMI) requires a fully-implanted wireless neural acquisition system to limit the impediments of percutaneous connections. For an implanted system with an appreciable telemetry range, and where significant</p><p>neural signal processing is performed continuously, a major obstacle for clinical application is the need for a power source. Existing battery technology and wireless power delivery systems have not addressed the need for a mid-range power supply, capable</p><p>of 1-3 W delivery, that limits both induced noise and temperature rise. These factors are crucial for the succesful operation of a fully-implanted neural acquisition system. This work seeks to fill this void, and presents both a wireless power solution suitable for a neural recording device, and a system capable of real time monitoring of tissue temperature rise.</p><p>During this research, a 2 W transcutaneous energy transfer system (TETS) was designed, built and tested. The TETS was designed specifically for a 96-channel implanted neural data acquisition system, which requires continuous power. The major design constraints were tolerance to coil misalignment, low induced noise,</p><p>and reasonable efficiency. The design of the primary circuit consists of an H-bridge switching network driving a planar spiral Litz wire primary coil. The primary also incoporates a novel circuit for detecting the presence of the secondary. The implanted secondary components include a complimentary planar spiral coil connected to a voltage doubling rectifier. The key approach to mitigating axial coil misalignments was the use of step-down switching regulators in the secondary. With this approach, link efficiency remained nearly constant at 40%, for axial coil displacements of up to 2 cm.</p><p>Noise in the recorded neural signals was minimized using two techniques. First, the 250 kHz operating frequency of the system was tuned, such that the aliased harmonics of the switching frequency lay above the bandwidth of the amplifier used for neural recording. The second approach was to limit the impact of induced displacement currents in the body by physically separating the recording front end from the power supply components. A large titanium enclosure was used to house some of the secondary electronics, and provided a low impedance return path for further</p><p>reduction of current-induced noise.</p><p>Limiting the temperature rise of internal components was also a critical design constraint. The need for real time temperature information led to the design of a six channel temperature measurement system and incorporation of the temperature data into the acquisition system data transmission scheme. This system consisted of bead thermistor temperature transducers, and an off-the-shelf microcontroller with a built-in instrumentation amplifier.</p><p>The TETS and temperature system was fully tested in an ovine model during several acute studies. Recorded temperature rise was limited to approximately 5.5&deg C when the system was implanted at an adequate depth in muscle. The TETS was able to successfully power the 2 W neural acquisition system during a data processing task. Received rectified voltage in the secondary ranged from 14.86 V to 20.2 V, while link efficiency remained virtually constant. Acquired neural data was examined for TETS switching noise. The measured RMS noise increased by less than 1 &mu V, averaged over several experiments. These results demonstrate the first mid-range TETS solution for powering a fully implanted neural acquisition system.</p> / Dissertation

Bakalauro darbe reikia sukurti programinę ir aparatinę įrangą leidžiančia automatiškai kaupti, apdoroti ir atvaizduoti grafiškai duomenis iš nutolusių objektų, bei nuotoliniu būdu valdyti ten esančius įrenginius. / In the server rooms or another places, where is very important to know what temperature is inside, old local thermometers is not a good choice, because, if you need to know what temperature is in the server room, you need to go there.