No description available.

- Constitutional aspects of the termination of the Czechoslovak Federation The thesis deals with problems of constitutional aspects relating to termination of the Czechoslovak Federation, which was abolished on 31.12. 1992 I have chosen this theme because I am interested in this theme since the first grade of my studium at the Law faculty. I had better access to this theme after the attendance of Scientific seminar leaded by Doc. Gronský called Slovakia in constitutional history of Czechoslovakia. The thesis uses sources available to students of Law faculty (monography, collections, university textbooks, texts of laws, articles, stenograph records, university lectures). The thesis is grounded on the synthesis of many sources with emphasis on consistent citing sources of the original authors. The thesis is composed of three chapters, which are divided into subchapters. These subchapters contain parts. In introduction I set the aim of thesis to describe the aspects of termination Czechoslovakia. For better context is in thesis genesis and development of the federation. Chapter one consists of two subchapters. There are described conditions of formation of Czechoslovak state. Chapter two consists of four subchapters, which describe Constitutional development of Czechoslovakia (1918-1989) with focus on...

TITLE: Types Of Employment Termination SUMMARY: First of all I would like to answer the basic question why the theme of my thesis is Types Of Employment Termination. I assume that everyone has an experience with an employment and in consequence with employment termination so this theme is relevant for everyone, but not everyone knows the effective legal regulation. The aim of the thesis is to explain and summarize effective legal regulation of the labour law and also focus on controversial points. I made an effort at the conclusion to point out couple of disputed issues and to propose several amendments. The thesis is composed of six parts, introductory and conclusion. Most of them dealing with different types of employment termination, and the others look at related obligations and claims in case of invalidity of employment termination. In introductory of my thesis I explain why I choose exactly the theme about employment termination, mention how the thesis is systematically divided and what the parts are about. In part One I try to focus on employment termination generally and explain its basic terminology. Part Two is divided into several subparts. First subpart is concerned with an agreement on employment termination. Second subpart relates to a notice generally, notice period, notice given by an...

EXPULSION OF SHAREHOLDER AND TERMINATION OF HIS PARTICIPATION IN THE LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY ABSTRACT The purpose of my thesis is to analyze the legal regulation regarding exclusion of a shareholder and termination of his participation in a limited liability company in the Czech Republic. I have chosen this topic because of a lack of scholarly interest in this particular question of corporate law, even though it is a highly practical matter. The study analyzes law, commentaries, books, articles and relevant case law and compares the current legal regulation with the new legal regulation represented by the new Civil Code and the Act on Commercial Corporations. The main contribution of this paper is in a providing a critical perspective on this new legal regulation and in identification of future eventual interpretative problems. The thesis is composed of four chapters, each of which deals with different aspects of a view on problems of unilateral termination of a participation of shareholder in the limited liability company. Chapter One is introductory and explains the provisions of legal regulation of unilateral termination of participation of shareholder. Chapter Two is subdivided into three main parts. Part One focuses on expulsion of shareholder by the general meeting of the company. Part Two is...

In this analysis, I investigate the causes of early elections in four parliamentary democracies across the world: Great Britain, Australia, Japan, and New Zealand. While I consider a number of explanations for the decisions to hold early elections, I find most theoretical and statistical support for Smith's (2003; 2004) informational thesis. He maintains that governments look to future economic conditions when making their timing decision. This approach, however, also leaves open the possibility that other, non-economic factors can explain why prime ministers call elections earlier than is necessary. I argue that the degree of disproportionality, the measured gap between a party's vote share and seat share, is a key attribute to explain the early election decision. When prime ministers weigh their decision to dissolve government, they cannot assess the effect of changes in their support in the population as accurately when a high degree of disproportionality is present. Using survival analysis, I find some support for a comprehensive attributes and events approach. New Zealand proves an exception; governments tend to fail sooner when high levels of disproportionality are present. This appears to be a result of particular factors related to disproportionality as a political issue, leading to electoral reform in 1996.

Interorganizational alliances are widely recognized as critical to product innovation. A notable trend is the rapid growth of new product development (NPD) alliances between large, well-established firms and small, growing firms. This dissertation is comprised of two studies on the formation and termination of asymmetric new product development alliances. In study one I examine the factors that drive the changes in shareholder values of the partner firms. I develop and empirically test a model of short-term changes in shareholder values of larger and smaller firms involved in NPD alliances, using the event study methodology on data covering 167 asymmetric alliances in the information technology and communication industries. The model accounts for selection correction, potential cross-correlation across the residuals from the models of firm value changes for the larger and smaller firms, and unobserved heterogeneity. The results suggest that both the partners experience significant short-term financial gains, but there are considerable asymmetries between the larger and smaller firms with regard to the effects of alliance, partner and firm characteristics on the gains of the partner firms. The findings of this study have important implications for managers of both large and small firms. In study two I develop and test a framework of the determinants of new product alliance (NPA) terminations. The hypotheses for study two are tested on a unique database comprised of 401 new product alliances involving 24 pharmaceutical firms during 1990-2005. NPA terminations are modeled using Cox’s proportional hazard specification that accounts for the unobserved heterogeneity of firms with multiple NPAs, competing risks and ties among NPA duration times. The results suggest that NPA terminations are not made in isolation but are influenced by composition of the firm’s portfolio. The results also suggest that NPA terminations are predicted to a great extent by competition between alliances (i.e., product market rivalry) and competition within alliances (i.e., partner value). The findings of this study have important implications for managing a portfolio of new product partnerships.

No description available.

Given the high prevalence of client unilateral termination from psychotherapeutic services, elucidating client reasons for ending therapy is an important activity for researchers. Three studies were designed to shed light on reasons for both premature and appropriate termination from the perspective of adult clients and therapists: 1) In Study 1, I examined data from the Canadian Community Health Survey, Cycle 1.2, to establish base rates of client reasons for psychotherapy termination in Canada, along with their demographic and clinical correlates, 2) In Study 2, I used training clinic data to examine client and therapist perspectives of reasons for termination, working alliance, and barriers to treatment participation in mutual versus unilateral terminators, and 3) In Study 3, I collected data from Canadian clinical psychologists to examine their perspectives of client reasons for early versus later termination, and their use of engagement strategies to reduce client-initiated unilateral termination. In Study 1, 43.1 percent of respondents reported terminating therapy for reasons other than feeling better or completing treatment. In general, individuals with low income and diagnosable mental disorders had significantly increased odds of premature termination. Study 2 revealed that when clients made unilateral decisions to end therapy, therapists were only partially aware of either the extent of clients’ perceptions of their success in therapy or with their dissatisfaction with therapy. Although working alliance and barriers to treatment participation were rated as lower in the context of unilateral termination by both clients and therapists than in the context of mutual decisions to terminate therapy, all clients, in general, rated the early alliance and barriers to treatment as higher than did their therapists. In Study 3 psychologists assigned differential importance to reasons for termination depending on whether termination was before versus after the third session. Theoretical orientation (CBT versus other) did not influence views of reasons for termination, but influenced use of some engagement strategies. Results are discussed in terms of research and clinical implications.

Given the high prevalence of client unilateral termination from psychotherapeutic services, elucidating client reasons for ending therapy is an important activity for researchers. Three studies were designed to shed light on reasons for both premature and appropriate termination from the perspective of adult clients and therapists: 1) In Study 1, I examined data from the Canadian Community Health Survey, Cycle 1.2, to establish base rates of client reasons for psychotherapy termination in Canada, along with their demographic and clinical correlates, 2) In Study 2, I used training clinic data to examine client and therapist perspectives of reasons for termination, working alliance, and barriers to treatment participation in mutual versus unilateral terminators, and 3) In Study 3, I collected data from Canadian clinical psychologists to examine their perspectives of client reasons for early versus later termination, and their use of engagement strategies to reduce client-initiated unilateral termination. In Study 1, 43.1 percent of respondents reported terminating therapy for reasons other than feeling better or completing treatment. In general, individuals with low income and diagnosable mental disorders had significantly increased odds of premature termination. Study 2 revealed that when clients made unilateral decisions to end therapy, therapists were only partially aware of either the extent of clients’ perceptions of their success in therapy or with their dissatisfaction with therapy. Although working alliance and barriers to treatment participation were rated as lower in the context of unilateral termination by both clients and therapists than in the context of mutual decisions to terminate therapy, all clients, in general, rated the early alliance and barriers to treatment as higher than did their therapists. In Study 3 psychologists assigned differential importance to reasons for termination depending on whether termination was before versus after the third session. Theoretical orientation (CBT versus other) did not influence views of reasons for termination, but influenced use of some engagement strategies. Results are discussed in terms of research and clinical implications.

Interorganizational alliances are widely recognized as critical to product innovation. A notable trend is the rapid growth of new product development (NPD) alliances between large, well-established firms and small, growing firms. This dissertation is comprised of two studies on the formation and termination of asymmetric new product development alliances. In study one I examine the factors that drive the changes in shareholder values of the partner firms. I develop and empirically test a model of short-term changes in shareholder values of larger and smaller firms involved in NPD alliances, using the event study methodology on data covering 167 asymmetric alliances in the information technology and communication industries. The model accounts for selection correction, potential cross-correlation across the residuals from the models of firm value changes for the larger and smaller firms, and unobserved heterogeneity. The results suggest that both the partners experience significant short-term financial gains, but there are considerable asymmetries between the larger and smaller firms with regard to the effects of alliance, partner and firm characteristics on the gains of the partner firms. The findings of this study have important implications for managers of both large and small firms. In study two I develop and test a framework of the determinants of new product alliance (NPA) terminations. The hypotheses for study two are tested on a unique database comprised of 401 new product alliances involving 24 pharmaceutical firms during 1990-2005. NPA terminations are modeled using Cox’s proportional hazard specification that accounts for the unobserved heterogeneity of firms with multiple NPAs, competing risks and ties among NPA duration times. The results suggest that NPA terminations are not made in isolation but are influenced by composition of the firm’s portfolio. The results also suggest that NPA terminations are predicted to a great extent by competition between alliances (i.e., product market rivalry) and competition within alliances (i.e., partner value). The findings of this study have important implications for managing a portfolio of new product partnerships.