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Interfacial tension and viscosity in ternary systems near the locus of critical pointsSimonsen, Hans Iver January 1977 (has links)
No description available.
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Interfacial tension and viscosity in ternary systems near the locus of critical pointsSimonsen, Hans Iver January 1977 (has links)
No description available.
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Phase Diagram Study of Zr-Al-Si ternary system at 800 ¢JChen, Kuo-min 16 July 2009 (has links)
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Study of covalent and non-covalent interactions in ternary systems involving : metal/DNA-RNA/protein, where metal = Pt(II), Pd(II) /Anzellotti, Atilio I. January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Virginia Commonwealth University, 2007. / Prepared for: Dept. of Chemistry. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online via the Internet.
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Thermodynamic Database for Zirconium AlloysJerlerud Pérez, Rosa January 2006 (has links)
For many decades zirconium alloys have been commonly used in the nuclear power industry as fuel cladding material. Besides their good corrosion resistance and acceptable mechanical properties the main reason for using these alloys is the low neutron absorption. Zirconium alloys are exposed to a very severe environment during the nuclear fission process and there is a demand for better design of this material. To meet this requirement a thermodynamic database is useful to support material designers. In this thesis some aspects of the development of a thermodynamic database for zirconium alloys are presented. A thermodynamic database represents an important facility in applying thermodynamic equilibrium calculations for a given material providing: 1) relevant information about the thermodynamic properties of the alloys e.g. amount and composition of phases, oxygen activity, heat capacity etc, and 2) significant information for the manufacturing process e.g. heat treatment temperature. The basic information in the database is first the unary data, i.e. pure elements; those are taken from the compilation of the Scientific Group Thermodata Europe (SGTE) and then the binary and ternary systems. All phases present in those binary and ternary systems are described by means of the Gibbs energy as a function of composition and temperature. Many of those binary systems have been taken from published or unpublished works and others have been assessed in the present work. The elements included in the databse are: C, Fe, Cr, Nb, Ni, Mo, O, Si, Sn, and Zr + H, and the assessment performed under this thesis are: Cr-Sn, Mo-Zr, Sn-Zr, Fe-Nb-Zr and Nb-O-Zr. All the calculations have been made using Thermo-Calc software and the representation of the Gibbs energy obtained by applying Calphad technique with some use of ab initio calculations. / QC 20100902
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Lilia florent : limaginaire politique et social à la cour de France durant les premières Guerres dItalie (1494-1525)Dumont, Jonathan 18 February 2010 (has links)
Ces dernières années, lhistoriographie des premières Guerres dItalie (1494-1525) sest considérablement enrichie notamment grâce aux études de D. Le Fur, N. Hochner, A.-M. Lecoq et R. W. Scheller. Croisant délibérément des sources variées (littéraires, politiques et iconographiques) ainsi que les méthodes (celle de lhistorien des textes et celle de lhistorien dart), leurs travaux se sont attachés à définir les différents aspects du pouvoir royal et la manière dont celui-ci se met en scène tout spécialement sous les règnes de Charles VIII, de Louis XII et de François Ier. Force est donc de constater que la figure du roi de France domine lhistoriographie récente des premières Guerres dItalie.
Pourtant, à chaque fois que les souverains des fleurs de lys sont mis en scène, ils noccupent pas seuls le discours politique. Dautres personnages, la France et les Français, apparaissent à côté deux. Le premier est dépeint, selon une tradition établie, comme un espace bénéficiant de qualités exceptionnelles. Lesdites qualités conditionnent la nature du deuxième personnage les Français , lequel sintègre dès lors à un portrait de la nation.
Durant les Guerres dItalie, ce discours sur la France et les Français ne sert pas uniquement à décrire le royaume lui-même. Il permet avant tout aux artisans de la propagande royale délaborer une pensée légitimant la conquête de lItalie et permettant dy imposer une nouvelle culture politique et sociale dinspiration française. Cet amalgame dimages à propos de lItalie française ou Franco-Italia traverse lensemble de la période, croisant parfois la figure royale, mais sen éloignant aussi très souvent.
Létude dune telle idéologie révèle enfin un intérêt supplémentaire. Au cours des premières décennies du XVIe siècle, la France connaît un véritable bouleversement de son modèle dorganisation sociale traditionnel. Nous voulons parler des trois ordres du féodalisme (oratores, bellatores et laboratores). Certes, dans la réalité quotidienne, le système ternaire ne reflète plus, depuis des siècles, la complexité des relations politiques et sociales. Par contre, la remise en cause de ce modèle au sein de la pensée politique curiale, en somme dans la culture de lélite, est une donnée relativement nouvelle en ce début de XVIe siècle. Ainsi, le discours sur lItalie française sert de champ dexpérimentation aux théoriciens du politique, aux polémistes ainsi quaux chroniqueurs et même aux poètes, leur permettant de redéfinir les contours dun schéma ternaire qui, dans sa forme traditionnelle, leur apparaît désuet.
On laura compris : notre thèse soriente donc vers létude, non dun seul mode de pensée, mais plutôt dune pluralité de concepts et dopinions ayant comme dénominateur commun la redéfinition des contours de lItalie et également de la France. Il sagira de comprendre la manière dont les auteurs de la cour de France regardent la Péninsule et ses habitants et comment, de cette expérience de laltérité, ils en arrivent à pratiquer un retour sur eux-mêmes et à relire leur propre mode dorganisation sociale, autrement dit, les cadres théoriques de leur existence. Cette histoire des lys qui sévertuent à fleurir dans les champs dune Italie pourtant bien décidée à les faucher sera loccasion dentrevoir sous un angle neuf cette période de bouleversements et dinquiétudes que sont les premières Guerres dItalie.
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Mechanisms and kinetics of the galvannealing reactions on Ti IF steels / Mécanismes et cinétiques des réactions de galvannealing dans des aciers IF TiZapico Alvarez, David 12 February 2014 (has links)
Les revêtements galvanisés alliés sont produits par immersion à chaud d’une bande d'acier dans un bain de zinc fondu à environ 460 °C, saturé en fer et contenant de faibles quantités d'aluminium (de 0,1 à 0,135% poids), suivie d’un traitement thermique (jusqu'à des températures voisines de 500-530 °C pendant environ 10 s) afin de déclencher les réactions d'alliation entre le fer et le zinc. La microstructure finale de ce type de revêtement est composée d'une succession de couches stratifiées de phases Fe-Zn et ses propriétés d'usage sont directement liées à la distribution de ces phases dans le revêtement. Les paramètres process à appliquer sur ligne industrielle doivent donc être optimisés pour obtenir la microstructure de revêtement souhaitée avec des coûts minimaux. Le développement d'un tel revêtement passe par différentes réactions complexes : la formation de la couche d'inhibition, la rupture de cette couche, la consommation du zinc liquide et l'enrichissement en fer du revêtement solide. Les cinétiques de ces réactions doivent être étudiées et modélisées séparément afin de contrôler avec précision l'évolution du revêtement au cours du cycle thermique. Dans ce travail, les deux premières réactions ont été étudiées dans le cas des aciers IF Ti. La cinétique de formation de la couche d'inhibition est extrêmement rapide et n’a par conséquent pas été étudiée. L'attention a été portée sur la nature de cette couche et sur les mécanismes responsables de sa formation. Il a été démontré que la couche d'inhibition formée dans des bains classiques pour la production de ces revêtements est composée d'une première couche très mince de Fe2Al5Znx (20-30 nm) sur la surface de l’acier et d’une seconde couche plus épaisse de δ (FeZn7) (environ 200 nm) au-dessus. Lorsque l'acier est immergé dans le bain de zinc, la dissolution du premier dans le second conduit à une sursaturation en fer à l'interface solide / liquide. Une très fine couche de Fe2Al5Znx métastable germe alors sur la surface de l'acier favorisée par des relations préférentielles d’épitaxie avec la ferrite. Par la suite, une couche de δ germe sur la couche de Fe2Al5Znx ce qui permet à la microstructure finale de devenir thermodynamiquement stable. L'effet de la teneur en aluminium du bain sur la nature de la couche d'inhibition a également été étudié. Quand la teneur en aluminium du bain diminue, la couche de Fe2Al5Znx devient discontinue car cette phase devient plus métastable et sa germination sur la surface de l'acier moins probable. Cette étape d’inhibition n'est que transitoire et un traitement thermique prolongé conduira à la rupture de la couche d'inhibition et au développement des réactions Fe-Zn. Le mécanisme de rupture, contrôlé par la diffusion du zinc dans les joints de grains de l'acier, peut être expliqué à l'aide du diagramme de phase ternaire Al-Fe-Zn et résumé en deux étapes : la disparition de la couche de Fe2Al5Znx à l'interface couche d’inhibition / acier résultant de l’enrichissement de cette interface en zinc, et la germination de la phase Г (Fe3Zn10) aux joints de grains de l'acier lorsque la concentration en zinc y devient suffisante. C’est cette germination qui va provoquer localement la rupture de la couche d’inhibition. La cinétique de cette réaction dépend fortement de la composition chimique de l'acier IF Ti et de la teneur en aluminium du bain. D'une part, il apparaît que l'effet de la composition chimique de l'acier sur la cinétique de rupture d'inhibition est contrôlé par la compétition entre deux phénomènes opposés : la vitesse de diffusion du zinc dans les joints de grains de l'acier et la capacité de l'acier à y accumuler les atomes de zinc. D'autre part, la diminution de la teneur en aluminium du bain favorise la discontinuité de la couche de Fe2Al5Znx, ce qui accélère la rupture de la couche d'inhibition car le zinc est supposé diffuser plus rapidement dans δ que dans Fe2Al5Znx. / Hot-Dip GalvAnnealed (HDGA) coatings are produced by the immersion of the steel strip into an iron-saturated liquid zinc bath at around 460 °C containing small amounts of aluminium (from 0.1 to 0.135 wt.%, normally) and its subsequent heating (up to temperatures around 500-530 °C for about 10 s, typically) in order to trigger the alloying reactions between iron and zinc. The final microstructure of this kind of coatings is composed of a sequence of stratified Fe-Zn phase layers and its in-use properties are directly related to the phase distribution within the coating. The process parameters to be performed in industrial lines must therefore be optimized in order to obtain a successful coating microstructure with the minimum costs. The development of such a coating passes through different and complex reactions: the inhibition layer formation, the inhibition layer breakdown, the liquid zinc consumption and the iron enrichment of the solid coating. The kinetics accounting for these reactions must be studied and modelled separately in order to accurately control the evolution of the coating along the heat treatment performed in the industrial line. In the present work, the two first reactions were investigated in the case of Ti IF steel grades. The kinetics of the inhibition layer formation is extremely fast and has therefore not been investigated in detail. Concerning this reaction, the focus was given to the nature of this inhibition layer and to the mechanisms accounting for its formation. It has been found that the inhibition layer formed in typical baths for galvannealed coatings production is composed of a very thin layer of the Fe2Al5Znx phase (20-30 nm) on the steel surface and a thicker layer of the δ (FeZn7) phase (around 200 nm) on its top. As the steel strip enters the zinc bath, iron dissolution from the former into the latter leads to an iron supersaturation at the solid / liquid interface. As a result, a very thin layer of metastable Fe2Al5Znx nucleates on the steel surface favoured by preferential epitaxial relationships with ferrite. Subsequently, δ nucleates on the Fe2Al5Znx layer allowing the final microstructure of the inhibition layer to become thermodynamically stable. The effect of the bath aluminium content on the nature of this inhibiting structure has also been studied. As the bath aluminium content is lowered, the Fe2Al5Znx layer becomes discontinuous: the lower the bath aluminium content is, the higher the metastability of Fe2Al5Znx is and the less probable its nucleation on the steel surface is. The inhibition state is only transient and continued heat treatment will lead to the inhibition layer breakdown and the development of the further Fe-Zn alloying reactions. The breakdown mechanism, controlled by the diffusion of zinc towards the steel grain boundaries, can be explained using the Al-Fe-Zn ternary phase diagram and summarized in two steps: the disappearance of the Fe2Al5Znx layer at the inhibition layer / steel interface as a result of the enrichment of this interface in zinc, and the local nucleation of the Г (Fe3Zn10) phase at the steel grain boundaries, breaking the inhibition layer off, when the zinc concentration at these locations becomes high enough. The kinetics accounting for this reaction strongly depends on the Ti IF steel chemical composition and the bath aluminium content. On the one hand, it has been found that the effect of the steel chemical composition on the inhibition layer breakdown kinetics would be ruled by the competition between two opposite phenomena: the rate of zinc diffusion at the steel grain boundaries and the ability of the steel to accumulate the zinc atoms at these locations On the other hand, decreasing the bath aluminium content favours the discontinuity of Fe2Al5Znx, which accelerates the inhibition layer breakdown as zinc is expected to diffuse faster through δ than through Fe2Al5Znx.
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Desenvolvimento de modelo neural a partir de sistemas binarios para predição de equilibrio liquido-vapor de sistemas ternarios / Artificial neural network model development based on binary component systems to predict vapor-liquid equilibrium of ternary systemLopreato, Luiz Guilherme Roquette 13 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Ana Maria Frattini Fileti / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T14:31:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Lopreato_LuizGuilhermeRoquette_M.pdf: 1170459 bytes, checksum: af98261941e40b4030182bcc609c0fa6 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: A aplicação de redes neurais artificiais (RNA) na solução de problemas de equilíbrio líquido-vapor de misturas multicomponentes apresenta resultados consistentes com valores experimentais observados. Sua principal vantagem, frente às abordagens tradicionais, reside na capacidade de modelar o sistema em equilíbrio sem a necessidade da definição prévia de um modelo específico, tarefa muitas vezes árdua. No presente trabalho utilizam-se dados de três sistemas binários para o treinamento de modelo neural com o objetivo de predizer o equilíbrio de sistema ternário em condições isobáricas. O algoritmo de treinamento utilizado foi o de Levenberg-Marquardt com Regularização Bayesiana, implementado por meio do software MATLAB. A estrutura de rede que apresentou os melhores resultados contém as frações molares dos três componentes na fase líquida, como parâmetros de entrada, e as frações molares dos três componentes na fase vapor e a temperatura como parâmetros de saída. O escalonamento dos dados foi realizado entre 0 e 1, sendo utilizada a função de ativação sigmoidal na camada oculta da rede e a função linear na camada de saída. O desempenho dos modelos foi analisado a partir dos coeficientes de correlação, coeficientes regressão linear, resíduos entre os valores experimentais e preditos, além da raiz dos desvios quadráticos médios (RMSD). O principal sistema estudado foi Acetona-Metanol-Água, sendo os conceitos desenvolvidos extrapolados para os sistemas polares Metanol-Etanol-Água, Metanol-2-Propanol-Água e para o sistema apolar Benzeno-Ciclohexano-Hexano. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a predição de equilíbrio através do modelo neural se mostra consistente com os dados experimentais e as predições realizadas via modelo UNIQUAC. Destaca-se que a construção do modelo neural baseia-se no uso de dados de sistemas binários para a predição de sistemas ternários, enquanto que o modelo UNIQUAC utiliza parâmetros regredidos a partir de dados experimentais para o equilíbrio ternário. Dessa forma, os conceitos utilizados nas duas modelagens são bastante distinto sendo, à priori, favoráveis ao modelo termodinâmico, fato não condizente com os resultados obtidos no presente estudo. / Abstract: Modeling multicomponent vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) by means of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) showed to be able to successfully reproduce observed experimental points. The main advantage of this approach, regards to the traditional approaches, resides in the capacity to modeling the equilibrium condition without the necessity of the prior
definition of a specific model, which is a task very often strenuous. In the present work data of three binary systems were used to training a neural network model with the objective to predict the equilibrium of a ternary system at isobaric conditions. The training algorithm used was Levenberg-Marquardt with Bayesian Regularization, implemented through the software MATLAB. The best network structure contains the molar fractions of three components in the liquid phase, as input parameters, and the molar fractions of three components at vapor phase besides the temperature as the output parameters. The data normalization was carried out in the interval between 0 and 1. The sigmoid activation function was used in the hidden layer and linear function was used in the calculations of the exit layer. The performance of the models was analyzed from the coefficients of correlation, linear regression coefficients, residues between the experimental and predicted values, besides the root of the quadratic middle diversions (RMSD). The principal system studied was Methanol-Acetone-Water, being the developed concepts extrapolated to the
polar systems Ethanol-Methanol-Water, Methanol-2-propanol-Water and to the nonpolar system Benzene-Cyclohexane-Hexane. Results presented indicate that vapor-liquid equilibrium prediction through neural network is consistent with experimental data and UNIQUAC model predictions. Moreover, when comparing the ANN model with the thermodynamic model it is important to notice that the first model uses binary systems to
predict ternary system equilibrium, whereas the thermodynamic model uses parameters obtained from experimental ternary data regressions. Thus, the concepts used in both models are quite different, being favorable to the thermodynamic model. Even so the ANN model showed to be very reliable, in the present study. / Mestrado / Sistemas de Processos Quimicos e Informatica / Mestre em Engenharia Química
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Latexem modifikované cementové kompozity / Latex Modified Cement CompositesKunc, Michal January 2013 (has links)
The subject of dissertation is a study of physic-mechanical properties and development of self-leveling polymer-cement composite of the ternary binder system PC-CAC-CS modified with chemical additives and polymeric substances. The dissertation systematically describes a four-step optimalization of the composite considering its key properties. Experimental part has been focused on monitoring the impact of composite components on selected final properties. Basic physico-mechanical, structural properties and its relations (compressive strength, porosity, flow abilities, setting times) have been analyzed for deeper understanding of the effects of individual composite components. Methods which quantify the existence of the newly formed hydration product – ettringite (XRD, SEM with EDS, calorimetry, dilatometry) has been chosen as additional study methods on selected combinations. A working prototype of self-leveling polymer-cement composite was successfully developed based on systematic process and using of testing procedures and measuring methods.
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Computer simulation of interdiffusion microstructures in multi-component and multiphase systemsWu, Kaisheng 23 January 2004 (has links)
No description available.
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