This essay uses corpus linguistic methods to study aspects of the novel Vanity Fair by W M Thackeray. The aim is to study the way Thackeray chose to describe his two female protagonists, Rebecca Sharp and Amelia Sedley. This is accomplished by a closer study of keywords in Vanity Fair, created by using a reference corpus consisting of thirteen novels by Victorian authors. These keywords are used to define semantic fields related to the novel. Keywords from the semantic field closest to the protagonists are studied in context. In addition, adjectives that collocate with the names of the protagonists are analyzed to compare the characterization of each woman. The study indicates that Thackeray has used fewer adjectives to describe Amelia than Rebecca, but that he has used these more frequently, which may cause readers to form a stronger mental picture of Amelia’s character sooner than they do for Rebecca’s.

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Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2016-08-15T11:13:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 4049920 bytes, checksum: 42dfc07793d8f6cabdf93f2557808ca6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-15T11:13:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 4049920 bytes, checksum: 42dfc07793d8f6cabdf93f2557808ca6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The serialized English novel The Book of Snobs (1846) by W. M. Thackeray was published in 1891 in the newspaper O Estado da Paraíba. It was first published in the British magazine Punch (1846) and translated later. The author's main purpose was to show–through satire– a different perspective of the aristocratic society in Victorian England. This paper aims to investigate the English works of fiction and non-fiction in the newspapers in the province of Paraiba, map out the serialized English novels and analyze more thoroughly the novel The Book of Snobs, which is the corpus of this research. Our aim is to understand the circulation and publication practices of the serialized English novel in Paraiba newspapers in the 19th century. We analyzed source materials such as articles, ads, announcements, as well as the English novel itself, which served as a basis to map the presence of English fiction in Paraíba's newspapers. We reflect with authors such as Chartier (1990; 2002; 2011), Barbosa (2007; 2011), Freyre (2000), Ramicelli (2009), Hansen (2004), among others, who helped us to understand the English cultural importance in the development of Paraíba, as well as to understand the space of English novels in serialized in Paraíba‘s newspaper. / O romance em folhetim inglês O livro dos snobs (1846), de W. M. Thackeray, foi publicado em 1891 no jornal O Estado da Paraíba. Teve sua publicação primeira na revista inglesa Punch (1846), sendo traduzido posteriormente. O principal objetivo do escritor era mostra por meio da sátira uma visão diferenciada da sociedade da Inglaterra vitoriana. Este trabalho consiste em investigar os textos ficcionais e não-ficcionais ingleses presentes nos jornais da província paraibana, mapear os romances ingleses em folhetim e analisar mais detidamente o romance O Livros dos Snobs, corpus desta pesquisa, com a finalidade de compreender as práticas de circulação e publicação do romance inglês em folhetim nos jornais paraibanos no século XIX. Buscamos analisar fontes como artigos, anúncios, reclames, bem como o próprio romance inglês, que serviram de base para mapear a presença de ficção inglesa em periódicos paraibanos. Refletimos com autores como Chartier (1990; 2002; 2011), Barbosa (2007; 2011), Freyre (2000), Ramicelli (2009), Hansen (2004), entre outros, que nos ajudaram a compreender a importância cultural inglesa no desenvolvimento da Paraíba, bem como a entender o espaço dos romances ingleses em folhetim nos jornais paraibanos.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Princeton University, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 234-255).

Dissertation (Ph.D.)--The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 2010. / Directed by Mary Ellis Gibson; submitted to the Dept. of English. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Jul. 14, 2010). Includes bibliographical references (p. 235-253).

This study considers how and why the established histories of criticism fail to recognize the Victorian woman critic. Although many women wrote critical essays for Victorian periodicals, the practice of anonymous publication and the gendered coding of certain genres ensured that the image of the critic was masculine for Victorian readers. And despite the ongoing work of The Wellesley Index to Victorian Periodicals, the growing field of periodicals research, and forty years of feminist scholarship, the Victorian critic remains, by and large, a male figure for us as well. In order to understand how women critics justified their authority and negotiated the gendered assumptions of critical discourse over the second half of the nineteenth century, this project explores the rhetorical strategies used by four prolific women journalists: Margaret Oliphant, Anne Mozley, Julia Wedgwood, and Anne Thackeray Ritchie. These case studies demonstrate how women critics defined their role in response to an expanding reading public, conservative gender ideology, the professionalization of criticism, changing aesthetics, and the establishment of English as a university discipline. They also reveal that both anonymous and signed women critics addressed these contentious issues to subtly undermine prejudices about gender and genre. In addition to demonstrating the feminist agenda of these (sometimes conservative) critics, this study also seeks to complicate the image of the moralizing woman critic symbolized by Mrs. Grundy. Moral rhetoric was common among both male and female critics in the nineteenth century, and this project argues that moral considerations are not necessarily antithetical to artistic ones in nineteenth-century discourse. We must begin to view women's critical arguments in their full context of political, aesthetic, and professional concerns if we truly wish to understand what was at stake for Victorian critics and readers. Thus, by presenting a fuller portrait of these individual women authors, this study not only critiques the gendered definitions of genre that continue to shape literary history, but also revises our understanding of Victorian critical theories. / English

This dissertation makes two arguments: First, it elaborates a depressive genealogy of the Victorian novel that asserts a category of realism rooted in affect rather than period or place. Second, it argues for a critical strategy called "depressive reading" that has unique purchase on this literary history. Drawing on Melanie Klein's "depressive position," the project asserts an alternative to novel theories that are rooted in sympathy and desire. By being attentive to mood and critical disposition, depressive reading homes in on the barely-contained negativities of realism. Through readings of novels by William Makepeace Thackeray, Anthony Trollope, Thomas Hardy, and Charlotte Brontë, it explores feelings of ambivalence, soreness, and dislike as aesthetic responses and interpretations, as well as prompts to varieties of non-instrumentalist ethics. In the final chapter, the psychological and literary strategy of play emerges as a creative and scholarly possibility.

[Typescript] Includes bibliography.

Scholars have heretofore under-examined William Makepeace Thackeray's early critical essays despite their potential for illuminating Victorian manners and life. Further, these essays' treatments of aesthetics, class, society, history, and politics are all influenced by the pecuniary aspects of periodical journalism and frequently expose socio-economic attitudes and realities. This study explicates the circumstances, contents, and cultural implications of Thackeray's critical essays. Compensatory payments Thackeray received are reconciled with his bibliographic record, questions regarding Thackeray's interactions with periodicals such as Punch and Fraser's Magazine answered, and a database of the payment practices of early Victorian periodicals established. Thackeray's contributions to leading London newspapers, the Times and the Morning Chronicle, address history, travel, art, literature, religion, and international affairs. Based upon biblio-economic payment records, cross-references, and other information, Thackeray's previously skeletal newspaper bibliographic record is fleshed out with twenty-eight new attributions. With this new information in hand, Thackeray's views on colonial emigration and imperialism, international affairs, religion, medievalism, Ireland, the East, and English middle-class identity are clarified. Further, Thackeray wrote a series of social and political "London" letters for an Indian newspaper, the Calcutta Star. This dissertation establishes that Thackeray's letters were answered in print by "colonial" letters written by James Hume, editor of the Calcutta Star; their mutual correspondence thus constitutes a revealing cosmopolitan - colonial discourse. The particulars of Thackeray's Calcutta Star writings are established, insights into the personalities and viewpoints of both men provided, and societal aspects of their correspondence analyzed. In his many newspaper art exhibition reviews Thackeray popularized serious painting and shaped middle-class taste. The nature and timing of Thackeray's art essays are assessed, espoused values characterized and earlier analyses critiqued, and Thackeray's role introducing middle-class readers to contemporary Victorian art explored. Other Thackeray newspaper reviews addressed literature; indeed, Thackeray's grounding of literature in economic realities demonstrably carried over from his critical thesiss to his subsequent work as a novelist, creating a unity of theme, style, and subject between his early and late writings. Literary pathways originating in Thackeray's critical reviews are shown to offer new insights into Thackeray novels Catherine, Vanity Fair, Henry Esmond, and Pendennis.

Examining periodicals and novels from 1847 to 1886, I analyze the feminine fake to argue that individuals were beginning during this period to grapple with the discomforting idea that identity, especially gender, might be a social construct. Previously, scholars have contended that this ideological shift did not occur until the 1890s. I apply the term "feminine fake" to the tools that women use to falsify their identities and to the women who counterfeit their identities. Equally, I consider the fake as a theatrical moment of falsifying one's identity. In my first chapter, I set up my theoretical framework, which draws from Laqueur's writings on the cultural history of sex and gender, Poovey's work on the "uneven development" of gender ideology, and Baudrillard and Eco's respective concepts of the simulacra and the hyperreal. Chapter II examines issues of The Englishwoman's Domestic Magazine and La Mode illustrée to analyze the feminine fake during the period surrounding the Franco-Prussian War. Using Fraser, Green, and Johnston's writing on the periodical alongside Hiner's theories of the ideological work of the accessory, I argue that the women's magazine, particularly via the "rhetoric of the fake" therein, fashion, and the accessory were crucial sites for the construction of gender at the time. Chapter III looks at performance and the feminine fake in Vanity Fair and La Curée. I re-evaluate Voskuil's theories of "acting naturally" to analyze the charades and tableaux vivants within the novels and illustrate how these performances metaphorically function as society's failed efforts to render feminine identities legible. In Chapter IV, I analyze Lady Audley's Secret and L'Eve future, situating Lady Audley and the android as hyperfeminine, or marked by an identificatory excess rendering them more feminine than any real woman. The threat they pose to legible feminine and human identity drives the need to control their unmanageable identities: at the ends of the novels, the women, along with what I characterize as their inhuman fakery, are irreversibly contained. / text