Bakgrund: Många äldre personer drabbas av olika former av demenssjukdomar. Om personerna inte drabbas av annan dödlig sjukdom kommer demenssjukdomen i sig slutligen leda till döden. Palliativ vård är ofta förknippat med cancer- och hjärt- och kärlsjukdomar men allt mer börjar den palliativa vården introduceras även för patienter med demenssjukdom. Då demens ofta leder till kommunikationssvårigheter uppstår det problem i att ge en god personcentrerad vård i livets slutskede. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa vårdpersonals erfarenheter i det palliativa vårdandet av patienter med demenssjukdom inom äldreomsorgen. Metod: En litteraturöversikt har genomförts utifrån sökningar på databaserna CINAHL complete, Pubmed och Ageline. De utvalda artiklarna bestod av åtta kvalitativa studier och två tvärsnittsstudier. Analysen genomfördes utifrån Fribergs analysmetod. Resultat: I resultatet beskrivs Tillämpning av palliativ vård för patienter med demenssjukdom, vårdpersonalens upplevelse av symtomlindring, vikten av god kommunikation och hinder och möjligheter för god palliativ vård. Det framkom att det kunde upplevas svårare att bedöma när en patient med demenssjukdom är i behov av palliativ vård än vid andra sjukdomstillstånd. Detta resulterade även i att vårdrelationen mellan patient och vårdpersonal var av stor betydelse för igenkänning av symtom. Vårdpersonal upplevde att det fanns brister i det emotionella stödet efter att ha vårdat en patient med demenssjukdom palliativt. Diskussion: I metoddiskussionen diskuteras metodens fördelar och nackdelar, valet av artiklar och varför vissa begränsningar har utförts. I resultatdiskussionen diskuteras det framkomna resultatet i relation till den teoretiska utgångspunkten De 6 s:n. Kopplingar till personcentrerad vård belyses i resultatdiskussionen. / Background: A great amount of elderly people suffer from different forms of dementia and unless these individuals suffer from another terminal disease the dementia will by its nature lead to death of the patient. Palliative care is often associated with cancer and cardiovascular diseases, however the palliative care is beginning to see the introduction of treatment for people with dementia. Aim: The aim was to highlight nursing staffs' experiences of patients suffering from dementia within gerontological care in end of life. Method: A literature review has been done based on search results from databases CINAHL complete, Pubmed and Ageline. The selected articles consisted of eight qualitative studies and two cross-sectional studies. The authors have based the analysis on Friberg's method of analysis.   Results: In the result describes Introduction of palliative care for the people suffering from dementia, nursing staffs´experience of symptom relief, the importance of good communication as well as hindrance and possibilities for good palliative care. It was discovered that it can be perceived as harder to judge when a patient suffering from dementia is in need of palliative care compared to patients with other medical conditions. This also resulted in the caring relationship between patient and nursing staff is of high importance for the recognition of symptoms. Nursing staff perceived there were flaws in the emotional support after having nursed a patient with dementia. Discussion: In the method discussion pros and cons regarding the chosen method is discussed, as well as the choice of articles and why some restrictions have been made. In the result discussion the result in relation to the theoretical entry points 6 S:s  is discussed. Correlations to person-centered care is discussed through the discussion of the result.

Background: In previous studies on the subject hope it has been revealed that hope is an important condition for the experience of health, quality of life and well-being. In the literature hope is described as a great support in life that is vital for a person's life and for how the person manages to become afflicted with a fatal disease. Within palliative care the 6S: s is a person-centered model for care that is directed towards the promotion of patient´s participation, relief from suffering and enablement of well-being and support of the patient and his or her family members. Aim: To describe how patients find hope in their situation in palliative care, and to examine whether there is an interaction between the different dimensions of 6 S: s model and with patients' experiences of hope. Methods: This degree project is literature study. Analysis was made using a deductive analysis with the 6 s:n theory as a theoretical reference frame. Results: The patients were hoping for cure, to live with hope, symptom management and they found hope in activities, symbols and metaphors, dreams and fantasies, humor, spirituality, self-determination, control, relationships, strategies and goals. After the result analysis to this degree project it appeared that all factors of hope corresponded with the dimensions of the 6 S: s: Self-image, Self-determination, Social relationships, Symptom relief, Context and Strategies. Discussions:It has been found that to have hope is important for patients in palliative care as it enables them to deal with their situation and experience meaning, well-being and safety at end of life. It has also been demonstrated that there is an interaction between the different dimensions of 6 S: s model and patients' experiences of hope. Thus, the model can be assumed to facilitate a more systematic way to integrate conversations about hope and accordingly to promote hope among patients in palliative care.

Bakgrund: Målet med den palliativa vården är att bibehålla livskvalitén för den sjuke och att lindra fysisk, psykiskt, socialt och existentiellt lidande för patient och anhöriga. Cancer är den näst vanliga anledningen till sjukdomsorsakad död och sjukdomen är förknippad med långvarigt lidande. Anhöriga och den ansvariga sjuksköterskan till cancersjuka patienter kan uppleva det som ansträngande att vårda eller stötta patienten. För att kunna möta den palliativa patientens behov behövs mer kunskap och en djupare förståelse i hur patienten upplever lidandet den sista tiden i livet. Syfte: Att undersöka hur cancersjuka patienter upplever lidandet i den palliativa fasen.  Metod: Litteraturöversikt baserad på 10 kvalitativa vetenskapliga artiklar från databasen Pubmed. Resultat: Utifrån modellen De 6 S:n uppkom 12 subteman som beskrev lidande. Dessa var ”Fånge i min kropp”, ”Inte längre användbar”, ”Att förlora kontrollen”, ”Att bli en börda för andra”, ”Ofrivillig isolering”. ”Den oförstående omgivningen”, ”Den fysiska smärtan”, ”Hjälp- och maktlöshet”, ”Existentiell ensamhet”, ”Existentiellt lidande”, ”Inte hunnit leva” och ”Önskar döden”. Detta ger en insikt i hur många olika sätt den cancersjuka patienten kan lida. Slutsats: Lidande är för varje patient unik och uppkommer i olika omfattningar och dimensioner. För att sjuksköterskan ska uppnå en god och personcentrerad palliativ vård måste den enskilda patientens upplevelse av det totala lidandet tas i beaktning. / Background: The goal of palliative care is to maintain the quality of life for the sick and to alleviate physical, mental, social and existential suffering for patients and their relatives. Cancer is the second most common cause of death and the disease is associated with long-term suffering. Relatives and nurses of cancer patients may experience it as an effort to care for or to support the patient. In order to meet the palliative patient's needs, more knowledge and a deeper understanding of how the patient experiences suffering in the last time of life is needed. Aim: To explore how cancer patients experience suffering in the palliative phase. Method: Literature review based on 10 qualitative scientific articles published to the database Pubmed. Results: Based on the model The 6 S, 12 subthemes emerged that described suffering. These were "Prisoner in my body", "No longer useful", "Losing control", "Becoming a burden to others", "Involuntary isolation". "The uncomprehending environment", "The physical pain", "Helplessness and powerlessness", "Existential loneliness", "Existential suffering", "Not been able to live" and "Desiring death". This gives an insight into the many different ways cancer patients can suffer. Conclusion: Suffering is unique to each patient and occurs in different extents and dimensions. In order for the nurse to achieve a good and person-centered palliative care, the individual patient's experience of total pain must be taken into consideration.