This thesis explores arguments for Scottish Home Rule, and the place these arguments were given during elections. It also discusses the interactions between Scottish Home Rulers with other Home Rule movements within the United Kingdom as well as attempts to build international support in the colonies and United States. Finally it examines the cultural and scientific manifestations of nationalism and how they were embraced by a Home Rule movement which was eager to identify evidence for devolution. The position of Scottish Home Rule before the Great War was very complex. Although the Scottish Liberal Association adopted it as a policy as early as 1888 the most ardent of Scottish Home Rulers were continually disappointed by the failure of the Liberal Party’s leadership to commit to a time frame for introducing legislation. Despite this difficulty Scottish Home Rulers fought an uphill battle to keep the issue before the public through a significant body of pamphlets, journals, letters, and even in motions in the House of Commons. Between the second 1910 election and the Great War, the issue was kept in front of the Scottish Electorate and featured in almost all of the Liberal and Labour candidates’ campaigns during the fourteen by-elections which occurred during the period. Culturally new expressions of ‘Scottishness’ can be seen in the establishment of bodies such as the Royal Scottish Geographic Society, the Scottish Historical Review and the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition. When these Scottish institutions ran into conflict with larger bodies based in England, usually associated with funding, the question of Scotland’s relationship with the rest of the United Kingdom came into question. At these times nationalists within and without of these institutions could co-opt these concerns in order to further their appeals for greater Home Rule. Although Scottish Home Rule was never a dominant movement within Scottish politics before the war it did manage to find acceptance among a wide body of individuals and groups such as the Scottish Liberal Association, Young Scots’ Society, Convention of the Royal Burghs of Scotland, Highland Land League, Scottish Labour League and Scottish Liberal Women’s Association . This thesis will attempt to place Scottish Home Rule within the context of a time which saw the development of so many other great reforms and argue that although those who supported Scottish Home Rule did so for a variety of pragmatic reasons, the nationalistic ideology that Scotland should be governed by Scots, still found expression.

Submitted by Pós-Com Pós-Com (pos-com@ufba.br) on 2012-01-22T03:16:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DeboraLopez.pdf: 4178378 bytes, checksum: cb55fe5f6aa608cb89e011adcae4d1b4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-01-22T03:16:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DeboraLopez.pdf: 4178378 bytes, checksum: cb55fe5f6aa608cb89e011adcae4d1b4 (MD5) / Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo principal compreender como se configura o radiojornalismo em emissoras 100% notícias em ambiente de convergência. O foco central se divide em duas perspectivas: 1) a definição de radiojornalismo e, por conseqüência, do que caracteriza o rádio neste novo contexto; e 2) quais as mudanças que esta configuração traz para a caracterização das rotinas produtivas e do material produzido em uma redação de rádio. Para tanto, optou-se por estudar as rádios BandNews FM e Central Brasileira de Notícias (CBN). Elas foram escolhidas por integrarem grupos de comunicação compostos por emissoras de televisão e rádio, e que propiciam ações de convergência. Para identificar como o processo de convergência se estabelece nestas emissoras de rádio all news, este estudo utiliza estratégias metodológicas variadas, conjugando a revisão de literatura com atividades de campo, como entrevistas e observação simples, e análise de conteúdo sonoro a partir da análise de conteúdo. Na revisão bibliográfica, optou-se por abordar questões inerentes ao radiojornalismo, à convergência midiática e ao processo de tecnologização dos meios de comunicação. A proposta é, através do cruzamento dos resultados obtidos, chegar a uma compreensão das práticas do radiojornalismo all news contemporâneo. Este radiojornalismo busca adequar-se a um contexto mais amplo, de tecnologização dos processos comunicacionais e das redações, além da inserção dos meios de comunicação em processos de convergência. Desta forma, passa por um momento crucial, em que se dá uma nova metamorfose, que, por sua vez, permite a ele acompanhar as tendências do campo da comunicação, revendo técnicas, práticas e ferramentas adotadas. Assim, esta tese doutoral propõe, como resultado do trabalho de análise desenvolvido, a classificação do rádio como hipermidiático, com novas possibilidades narrativas geradas pela sua inserção na tecnologia digital – ainda não implementada e em discussão no Brasil – e na internet, agregando a seu dia-a-dia possibilidades de ferramentas fixas e dispositivos móveis.

MORENO FILHO, José William Moreira. A Transvaloração dos valores em O nascimento da tragédia. 2008. 116f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Filosofia, Fortaleza (CE), 2008. / Submitted by Gustavo Daher (gdaherufc@hotmail.com) on 2017-10-02T13:47:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_dis_jwmmorenofilho.pdf: 649094 bytes, checksum: 986ba2ec8811ece7ab173281a1fac2e3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-10-04T15:39:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_dis_jwmmorenofilho.pdf: 649094 bytes, checksum: 986ba2ec8811ece7ab173281a1fac2e3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-04T15:39:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_dis_jwmmorenofilho.pdf: 649094 bytes, checksum: 986ba2ec8811ece7ab173281a1fac2e3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / The major purpose of the present study is to make explicit the possible presence of a revaluative approach in Nietzsche’s first published work, The birth of tragedy. That book brings, according to the philosopher, the first signs of his mature central conception: the revaluation of all values, that is, the birth of a new consciousness and new values. In the late period of his philosophical works, such as Ecce homo, Twilight of idols and Attempt of self-critique, Nietzsche points out to that intention of a reformulation of his initial conceptions. That is to say, he declares that The birth of tragedy was his first revaluation of all values. If we mainly focus on his early (1872 – 1875) as well as his late (1886 – 1888) philosophical works, we can find throughout the relation between art and knowledge in what sense the revaluation of all values is to be conceived. It is on art, more specifically on the art of tragedy that Nietzsche sees a positive way for human existence, since art makes life become positive. If mankind adopted a way of life guided by its own artistical powers, it could recognize its proper skills either to create or to destroy moral values, becoming able of promoting a radical change of predominant moral values, that is, a revaluation of all values. Nevertheless, the belief of an unlimited knowledge, which the unartistic tendency inherited from the aesthetic socratism opposes the offspring of a new tragic (artistic) approach. That belief erroneously over-estimates rationality as it were able to solve all enigmas of life. Therefore, The birth of tragedy brings the very foundations of Nietzsche’s late philosophy, since one can find in that work the most important issues of his thought: the critique of an exaggerated rationality initiated by an unartistic tendency named aesthetical socratism; the apology of a tragic wisdom (dionisiac), which will only be apprehended by art. Nietzsche’s struggle, therefore, aimed to call modern mankind’s attention, witch inherited aesthetic socratism, to realize the decadence of a lifestyle guided by unartistic tendencies; he also pointed out that only throughout an artistic existence mankind would be able to overcome decadent values. In that sense, art is Nietzsche’s affirmative proposal in The birth of tragedy which will be maintained in his latest philosophy. That is because it is only by that first work that the philosopher would be able to propose a revaluation of all values in his final work, by means of which life would be toned up in order to become positive. / A proposta deste trabalho tem como objetivo central explicitar a presença de um caráter transvalorativo na primeira obra publicada por Nietzsche: O nascimento da tragédia. Esta traz embrionariamente, segundo o próprio filósofo, o que seria mais tarde o objetivo central de toda sua filosofia: a transvaloração de todos os valores, isto é, o nascimento de um novo parâmetro de avaliação, de novos valores. Nietzsche, em textos de seu último período filosófico como Tentativa de autocrítica, Crepúsculo dos ídolos e Ecce Homo, [aponta para essa intenção de redimensionamento de suas teses iniciais; ou seja,] alega que O nascimento da tragédia foi a sua primeira Transvaloração de todos os valores. Focando exclusivamente em textos escritos na sua juventude (1872 – 1875) e maturidade (1886 – 1888) filosófica, a relação entre arte e conhecimento, nos períodos apontados, indicará em que sentido a transvaloração deve seguir. É na arte, mais precisamente na arte trágica, que Nietzsche vislumbra uma existência positiva, no sentido de que a arte afirma a vida. O homem, assumindo uma vida artística, ou seja, reconhecendo-se como criador e destruidor de valores, torna-se capaz de promover uma mudança radical nos valores vigentes, uma transvaloração dos valores. Entretanto, a crença no conhecimento ilimitado, que a tendência inartística do socratismo engendrou em nossa sociedade moderna, obsta a vinda de uma nova era trágica (artística). Essa crença supervaloriza a razão dotando-a, segundo Nietzsche, erroneamente da capacidade de desvendar os enigmas da vida. Assim, O nascimento da tragédia traz em si as bases da filosofia tardia nietzschiana, pois nela já se encontram temas de extrema importância do seu filosofar, são eles: crítica à razão exacerbada iniciada por uma tendência inartística denominada de socratismo (estético e teórico) e a apologia a uma sabedoria trágica (dionisíaca), a qual só pode ser aprendida através da arte. A luta de Nietzsche é, portanto, alertar o homem moderno, herdeiro do socratismo, o quanto a vida guiada por essa tendência inartística é decadente; é mostrar que só através de uma existência artística o homem seria capaz de superar valores decadentes. A valorização da arte é a proposta afirmativa de Nietzsche em O nascimento da tragédia que será retomada em sua filosofia derradeira, pois é somente por meio dela que uma transvaloração de todos os valores se tornará possível e, consequentemente, a vida será tonificada e afirmada.

La leucémie aiguë lymphoblastique (LAL-T) est une hémopathie maligne qui représente 10 à 15% des LAL pédiatriques et 25% des LAL de l’adulte. Bien que la prise en charge et le pronostic (rémission dans 80-85% des cas) des LAL se soient améliorés au cours des 10 dernières années en partie dû à une meilleure stratification thérapeutique de ces entités malignes, le tableau clinique et le devenir des patients atteints de LAL-T restent péjoratif avec environ 30% de rechute dans les 2 années qui suivent le diagnostic. Au cours de ces dernières années, des sous-types spécifiques de LAL-T associés à une valeur pronostique ont été décrits et des thérapies ciblées devraient pouvoir être proposées à l’avenir. Dans ce contexte, mon travail de thèse a permis de définir et de mieux comprendre les différents niveaux de dérégulation de MYC dans les LAL-T à travers l’analyse moléculaire et biochimique de MYC et de ses principaux régulateurs sur une large cohorte protocolaire de LAL-T pédiatriques et adultes. Tout d’abord, nous montrons que l'expression de MYC est très variable et que des niveaux d'expression élevés sont observés dans de nombreux cas en absence de mutations NOTCH1/FBXW7. De plus, nos travaux mettent en évidence que la dérégulation post-traductionnelle de MYC, via l'axe PI3K/AKT à travers l'inactivation de PTEN, constitue une voie majeure d'activation de MYC dans les LAL-T. Ainsi, l'ensemble de ces résultats confirment la pertinence d’envisager des stratégies thérapeutiques ciblant MYC pour le traitement des LAL-T. Mon projet de thèse a également consisté en la génération d’un modèle murin original permettant de suivre les clones tumoraux surexprimant Myc depuis les étapes de développement (pré-)tumoral les plus précoces jusqu’aux étapes finales de progression maligne. / T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (T-ALL) are malignant proliferations of thymocytes, which represent 10-15% of pediatric and 25% of adult ALL. Despite indisputable therapeutic progress, T-ALLs remain of poor prognosis. Patients often present with a high tumor load accompanied by a rapid disease progression, and about 30% of cases relapse within the first 2 years following diagnosis. It is now clear that significant improvements in therapy will require a more accurate knowledge of the oncogenes involved, as well as their oncogenic role within complex functional networks. In this context, my PhD project was focused on the understanding of the regulation of MYC in T-ALL. We demonstrate that MYC expression is highly variable and that high MYC expression levels can be generated independently of NOTCH1 pathway. Furthermore, we show that posttranscriptional deregulation of MYC constitutes a major alternative pathway of MYC activation in T-ALL, operating partly via the PI3K/AKT axis through down regulation of PTEN. Altogether, our results lend further support to the significance of therapeutic targeting of MYC in T-ALL pathogenesis. The second part of my project was to generate an original transgenic mouse model designed to “track” inducible MYC+ clones from the earliest steps of (pre-)malignant development to the onset of leukemia.

Metasurfaces which emerged as two-dimensional counterparts of metamaterials, facilitate the realization of arbitrary phase distributions using large arrays with subwavelength and ultra-thin features. Even if metasurfaces are ultra-thin, they still effectively manipulate the phase, amplitude, and polarization of light in transmission or reflection mode. In contrast, conventional optical components are bulky, and they lose their functionality at sub-wavelength scales, which requires conceptually new types of nanoscale optical devices. On the other hand, as the optical systems shrink in size day by day, conventional bulky optical components will have tighter alignment and fabrication tolerances. Since metasurfaces can be fabricated lithographically, alignment can be done during lithographic fabrication, thus eliminating the need for post-fabrication alignments. In this work, various types of metasurface applications are thoroughly investigated for robust wavefront engineering with enhanced characteristics in terms of broad bandwidth, high efficiency and active tunability, while beneficial for application. Plasmonic metasurfaces are not compatible with the CMOS process flow, and, additionally their high absorption and ohmic loss is problematic in transmission based applications. Dielectric metasurfaces, however, offer a strong magnetic response at optical frequencies, and thus they can offer great opportunities for interacting not only with the electric component of a light field, but also with its magnetic component. They show great potential to enable practical device functionalities at optical frequencies, which motivates us to explore them one step further on wavefront engineering and imaging sensor platforms. Therefore, we proposed an efficient ultra-thin flat metalens at near-infrared regime constituted by silicon nanodisks which can support both electric and magnetic dipolar Mie-type resonances. These two dipole resonances can be overlapped at the same frequency by varying the geometric parameters of silicon nanodisks. Having two resonance mechanisms at the same frequency allows us to achieve full (0-2π) phase shift on the transmitted beam. To enable the miniaturization of pixel size for achieving high-resolution, planar, compact-size focal plane arrays (FPAs), we also present and explore the metasurface lens array-based FPAs. The investigated dielectric metasurface lens arrays achieved high focusing efficiency with superior optical crosstalk performance. We see a magnificent application prospect for metasurfaces in enhancing the fill factor and reducing the pixel size of FPAs and CCD, CMOS imaging sensors as well. Moreover, it is of paramount importance to design metasurfaces possessing tunable properties. Thus, we also propose a tunable beam steering device by combining phase manipulating metasurfaces concept and liquid crystals. Tunability feature is implemented by nematic liquid crystals infiltrated into nano holes in SiO2. Using electrically tunable nematic liquid crystals, dynamic beam steering is achieved

The conventional implant therapy of patients with edentulous mandibles involves installation of four implants. The treatment is well-studied with high success rate. By reducing number of implants, biological and cost benefits could be made. The aim of the study was to test the mechanical aspects and fatigue resistance of a fixed bridge retained on two implants. The working hypothesis was that the construction would manage mechanical fatigue testing equal to 10 years of intraoral use. A machine to simulate chewing cycles was constructed by two engineering students. The bridge was attached to an aluminium block with two implants. The loading force was 177 N and applied 7 mm posterior from the central point of the right implant. The test came to a halt after 40 minutes because of motor failure which corresponds to 37.2 hr of intraoral use. A new machine made by a professional mechanic is required to redo the test. The height of the most distal points of the bridge on both sides were reduced by 0.3 mm and the most anterior point was increased by 0.2 mm. No plastic deformation of implant heads or change in abutment screw insertion torque was observed. The pressure on the distal cantilever caused deflection of the bridge which could have caused the differences in measurement. In conclusion, a complete bridge retained on two implants cannot stand mechanical pressure of 177 N on such a long cantilever although longer testing time corresponding to at least 10 years of intraoral use is required.

Defective chromatin remodeling proteins are associated with both germline and acquired human disease. PHF6 is encoded by an X-linked gene that is predominantly expressed in the brain and thymus. Structurally, PHF6 contains nuclear and nucleolar localization sequences as well as two ZaP domains, which bind dsDNA. Germline mutations in PHF6 are the cause of BFLS, an XLID, while somatic PHF6 mutations have been identified in T-ALL, AML, and CML. Indeed, screening of a pediatric cohort of nine T-ALL patients revealed a novel H329Q mutation. In a further clinical analysis, T-ALL onset occurred in a 9-year old male BFLS patient with an R342X mutation, suggesting that BFLS might be a cancer predisposition syndrome. To better understand its protein function, recombinant PHF6 was co-immunoprecipitated for a mass spectrometry based proteomic screen. Notably, PHF6 co-purified with multiple constituents of the NuRD complex, an important transcriptional regulator during embryogenesis and lineage commitment with particularly well characterized responsibilities during lymphogenesis. PHF6-NuRD localization was restricted to the nucleoplasm, however PHF6 also co-purified with several ribosomal and splicing proteins. When examined further, PHF6 was found to be recruited to the nucleolus by an RNA-mediated interaction and co-localized within the subnucleolar FC and DFC compartments. ChIP-qPCR revealed that PHF6 binds to transcribed regions of rDNA, resulting in the repression of rRNA. These data thus present a model of PHF6 acting as a tumour suppressor by mediating both nucleoplasmic and nucleolar transcriptional events.

Photonic integration and all-optical signal processing are promising solutions to the increasing demand for high-bandwidth and high-speed communication systems. III-V semiconductor materials, specially AlGaAs, have shown potentials for photonic integration and efficient nonlinear processes due to their low nonlinear absorption, flexibility at controlling the refractive index, and mature fabrication technology. In this thesis, we report the designs of AlGaAs microring resonators optimized for efficient four-wave mixing. Four-wave mixing (FWM) is a nonlinear optical phenomenon which can be used to realize many optical signal processing operations such as optical wavelength conversion and optical time division multiplexing and demultiplexing. Our designed AlGaAs microring resonators are expected to have good optical confinement, transmission characteristics, and efficient coupling between the ring and waveguide. Here we also present our fabrication efforts to fabricate the microring resonators device and the insights gained in the process. The microring resonators devices have a potential to be used in optical communication networks for all-optical signal processing operations.

AParmi les différentes sources d’énergie, les microaccumulateurs tout solide au lithium sont de bons candidats pour l’alimentation de systèmes miniaturisés. Afin d’outrepasser les limitations actuelles de ces microsources, les films minces de germanium sont prometteurs comme matériau d’électrode négative de par leurs meilleures stabilités chimique et thermique, comparées à celles du lithium métal. Ce travail de thèse a consisté à développer et à optimiser le procédé de synthèse par pulvérisation cathodique magnétron d’électrodes de germanium en couches minces, dont les propriétés physiques ont été mises en relation avec les performances électrochimiques. L’analyse du comportement électrochimique en régime et sur la tenue en cyclage a mis en évidence l’influence de la morphologie et du dopage des films de germanium. Malgré d’importantes variations volumiques de l’électrode, une étude a permis de montrer la faisabilité d’une intégration de ces couches minces dans des microaccumulateurs tout solide Ge pré-lithié/ LiPON/ Li par des procédés basse température (compatibles Above IC). Avec ce type d’empilement, une capacité spécifique élevée de 50 µAh/cm² (» 800 µAh/cm².µm) a été maintenue sur une quarantaine de cycles sous 10 µA/cm². Diverses propositions ont été envisagées afin d’accroître la cyclabilité de ces dispositifs et de permettre la réalisation de microaccumulateurs Li-ion pour des applications en microélectronique. / Among the different energy sources, all solid state lithium microbatteries are the most promising candidates for the alimentation of miniaturised systems. In the aim of overcoming the current limitations of these micro power sources, germanium thin films prove to be a promising material as a negative electrode, due to their better chemical and thermal stability in comparison with metallic lithium. This PhD work was devoted to the development of germanium electrode coatings and the optimisation of their synthesis by magnetron sputtering. Their physical properties have been correlated to their electrochemical performances. The influence of the morphology and doping of the films on their electrochemical behaviour at different current densities and on the cyclability was established. Despite huge volumic variations of the electrode, this study showed the feasibility of integrating these films in Ge lithiated/ LiPON /Li microbatteries deposited by low temperature processes (Above IC compatibility). With this stack configuration, a stable specific capacity of 50 µAh/cm² (» 800 µAh/cm².µm) has been maintained during forty cycles. Different solutions have been suggested to improve the cyclability of all solid state microbatteries and the techniques used for directly depositing them on the electronic microcomponents.

Cancer is a leading case of mortality worldwide. Governments spent multibillion expenses on treatment and palliative care of diseased people. Despite these generous funding and intensive research with aim to find a cure or efficient treatment for cancer, until now there is a lack in selective cancer management strategies. Conventional treatment strategies for cancer, such as surgery, cytotoxic chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormone therapy don’t have selectivity toward cancer – the property of discrimination of healthy organs and tissues from the diseased site. Chemotherapy is very challenging as the difference between effective and lethal doses is very minuscule in most cases. Moreover, devastating side effects dramatically changes the quality of life for cancer patients. To address these issues two main strategies are intensively utilized in chemistry: (I) the design and synthesis of novel anticancer organic compounds with higher selectivity and low toxicity profiles and the second, design and preparation of biocompatible nanocarriers for imaging and anticancer compound selective delivery nanomedicine. The following dissertation combines the above two strategies as bellows: First project is related to the design and synthetic route development toward novel nature-inspired group of heterocyclic compounds – iso-Phidianidines. The second project focused on design, preparation and evaluation of hybrid theranostics (therapeutic and diagnostic in a single entity). Chapter 1 is a general background review of the major topics that will be discussed in this dissertation. The first efficient and high-yielding synthetic route toward iso-phidianidines, containing regioisomeric form of 1,2,4-oxadiazole linked to the indole via methylene bridge is reported in Chapter 2. In vitro test of the synthesized library of iso-phidianidines revealed micromolar range of cytotoxicity toward human cervical cancer cell line. Structure activity relationship revealed the importance of presence of monosubsituted amine in 3 position of oxadiazole to maintain activity. Moreover, gradual increase of activity was detected in increasing of the length of the diamine. Polyamine (spermidine) side chain demonstrated strongest anticancer activity, identified as lead compound and may be studied further as a good candidate for cervical cancer treatment. Finally, the remaining high activity of amino-terminated iso-phidianidines demonstrated that presence of guanidine group in termini is not necessary for high cytotoxicity. The second part of this dissertation (Chapter 3) discusses the rational design, wet protocol synthesis and complete characterization of the novel hybrid material – polydopamine coated iron-cobalt nanocubes (PDFCs). This material was loaded with anticancer model drug doxorubicin in one step procedure (PDFC-DOX) and the resulting drug-delivery vehicle was found to be successfully internalized by cervical cancer cells. The cytotoxicity test demonstrated inhibition of 50% of the cells at the concentration of 30μg/ml for PDFC-DOX. Moreover, the release was highly attenuated and pH-sensitive in acidic range. PDFC was also modified with fluorescein leading to green fluorescent nanoparticles PDFC-FITC, which demonstrated excellent intracellular molecular imaging property. PDFCs with one of the highest magnetic saturation among the materials used in biomedicine (226 emu/g based on core) showed the absence of any cytotoxicity in vitro and excellent MRI contrasting property (r2=186.44 mMs-1, higher than commercial contrast agents Ferridex® and Clio®), both in vitro and in vivo on mice. They were cleared out from the mice bodies in month without affecting their health. Due to the high density of core (8.3 g/cm3) they demonstrated ability to be contrast materials also for X-Ray CT diagnostic modality, increasing the tumor detection and visualization probability in combination with MRI. In addition to it’s diagnostic and drug-delivery modalities, PDFC was evaluated also for microwave-induced cytotoxicity as a novel concept in cancer treatment. As low as 10 μg/ml concentration of PDFCs in human cervical cancer cells caused extensive death above 73% upon exposure to 2,45 GHz of microwaves for one minute. Laser irradiation (808 nm, 15 minutes) of cancer cells with internalized PDFCs caused cell death above 60%. The specific absorption rate of PDFCs at 470 MHz frequency and 20 mT of the alternating magnetic field power was 180 W/g, which is nearly 100 W higher than for commercial nanoparticles (Ferridex®).