Sammanfattning – "All inclusiveturism: The price of greatness is responsibility" Datum: 18 januari 2013 Nivå: Magisteruppsats i företagsekonomi, 15 ECTS Institution: Akademin för hållbar samhälls- och teknikutveckling, HST, Mälardalens högskola Författare: Per Barkström (9th October 1986) Malin Blomstedt (20th November 1980) Title: All inclusiveturism: "The price of greatness is responsibility" Handledare: Finn Wiedersheim-Paul Nyckelord: All-inclusiveturism, långsiktig hållbar samhällsutveckling, CSR, hållbar turism, ekonomiskt läckage Frågeställning: Är det möjligt för resebranschen att bidra mer till en långsiktig hållbar samhällsutveckling än den gör idag gällande All-inclusiveturismen? Hur bör resebranschens förhållningssätt gentemot All-inclusiveturism gestaltas ur ett CSR-perspektiv? Syfte: Huvudsyftet är att beskriva hur resebranschen kan justera sitt förhållningssätt gentemot All-inclusiveturism för att bättre gagna en långsiktig hållbar samhällsutveckling i de länder där verksamhet bedrivs. Delsyftet bottnar i att undersöka och analysera hur den rådande All-inclusiveturismen påverkar samhället ur ett långsiktigt hållbart samhällsperspektiv. Metod: Studien är av kvalitativ karaktär och baseras på sekundärdata i form artiklar, rapporter och böcker för ämnet relevant litteratur samt primärdata i form av personliga intervjuer med profiler som förespråkar hållbar turism. En fallstudie av den svenska resebranschens förhållningssätt till en långsiktig hållbar samhällsutveckling genomfördes med en deduktiv ansats. Vidare tolkades referensramen och empirins insamlade material för att skapa en analys och slutsats. Slutsats: Givet att nedanstående förslag implementeras kan resebranschen justera sitt förhållningssätt gentemot All-inclusiveturism för att bättre gagna en långsiktig hållbar samhällsutveckling i de länder där verksamhet bedrivs. 1. Förändra och förankra betydelsen av hållbar turism internt 2. Minska ekonomiskt läckage 3. Arbeta proaktivt istället för reaktivt 4. Aktivt ansvarstagande i motsats till att köpa sig fri 5. Utvecklandet av samarbeten och kvalitetssystem 6. Upplys resenärerna

All-optical devices allow improvements in the speed of optical communication and computation systems by avoiding the conversion between the optical and electronic domains. The focus of this thesis is the experimental investigation of a new type of all-optical switch that is based on the control of optical patterns formed by nonlinear interactions between light and matter. The all-optical switch consists of a pair of light beams that counterpropagate through warm rubidium vapor. These beams induce a nonlinear optical instability that gives rise to mirrorless parametric self-oscillation and generates light in the state of polarization that is orthogonal to that of the pump beams. In the far-field, the generated light forms patterns consisting of two or more spots. To characterize this instability, I observe experimentally the amount of generated power and the properties of the generated patterns as a function of pump beam intensity, frequency, and size. Near an atomic resonance, the instability has a very low threshold: with less than 1~mW of total pump power, >3~$\mu$W of power is generated. To apply this system to all-optical switching, I observe that the orientation of the generated patterns can be controlled by introducing a symmetry-breaking perturbation to the system. A perturbation in the form of a weak switch beam injected into the nonlinear medium is suitable for controlling the orientation of the generated patterns. The device operates as a switch where each state of the pattern orientation corresponds to a state of the switch, and spatial filtering of the generated pattern defines the output ports of the device. Measurements of the switch response show that it can be actuated by as few as 600~photons. For a switch beam with 1/e field radius $w_0=185\,\mu$m, 600 photons correspond to $5.4\times10^{-4}$ photons/\lambdasquared which is comparable to the best reported results from all-optical switches based on electromagnetically-induced transparentcy (EIT). This approach to all-optical switching operates at very low light levels and exhibits cascadability and transistorlike response. Furthermore, the sensitivity is comparable to switches using cold-atom EIT or cavity quantum-electrodynamics techniques but is achieved with a simpler system, requiring only one optical frequency and occurring in warm atomic vapor. I develop a numerical model for the switch that exhibits patterns that rotate in the presence of a weak applied optical field. Results from this model, and from my experiment, show that the switch response time increases as the input power decreases. I propose that this increase is due to critical slowing down (CSD). Mapping the pattern orientation to a simple one-dimensional system shows that CSD can account for the observed increase in response time at low input power. The ultimate performance of the device is likely limited by CSD and I conclude that the minimum number of photons capable of actuating the switch is between 400 and 600 photons. / Dissertation

Since the formal implementation of the All-out Defense Education Law, the Ministry of National Defense has actively organized relevant departments and bureaus to promote the ideas of All-out Defense Education policy through a diverse array of publicities and activities. Among these activities, the All-out Defense Military Summer Camp, organized every July and August by integrating the characteristics of all army services, is the most popular activity, and has received wide feedback from the youths. ¡§Actualization of All-out Defense Education policies and in-depth and grass-root work for Total National Defense¡¨ is the theme for the All-out Defense Military Summer Camp organized by the Ministry of National Defense. This study applied the perspective of marketing strategies, and investigated the students attending the ¡§2010 Amphibious Warriors Battle Camp¡¨ using questionnaires. It evaluated student backgrounds and motivation for participation, as well as the relationship with customer equity. Collected data is done through Descriptive Statistics Analysis, such as Independent t-test, One-way ANOVA, Pearson Product-moment Correlation. Conclusion is listed as below: ¡§The summer camp reaches the purpose of All-Out Defense Policy; participants¡¦ motivation is highly influenced by¡¥to become mature¡¦, customer equity is highly influenced by value equity; participants¡¦ motivation and customer equity are highly influenced by some different kinds of background; motivation and customer equity has a positive relationship; three dimensions of customer equity have a positive relationship¡Flots of students have great will to receive the information of army.¡¨ Based on the conclusions, some suggestions proposed as follows: 1. To consider the needs of different targets in detail demands using more accurate market segmentation, and by providing more diverse activities and courses; the activity can be combined with the promotion of the army recruitment policy to improve the many functions and value of combat camps. 2. In order to fully promote the brand of All-out Defense Education policies, ¡§same branding but different marketing targets¡¨ as well as ¡§same brands, different logos and slogans¡¨ can be used in combination with other marketing tactics to improve the understanding and support of citizens to All-out Defense Education policies. 3. To take advantage of social networking websites that many youths and students use to construct an electronic forum or communications platform allowing students from the annual Combat Camps to share their experiences and opinions. At the same time, special activities can be planned for students with exceptional participation to maintaining a strong bond with the customers of All-out Defense Education.

We have been operated the All-out Defense education for five years. The purpose of this study is to investigate the working effectiveness of All-out Defense education. The content of the test was based on ¡§the factors of influencing learning effectiveness¡¨. For supporting the above-mentioned purposes, I used questionnaire investigation method to collect the material data. A total of 570 questionnaires were sent out to a senior high school in Kaohsiung City , and the effective samples are 498. Describing statistics, discriminate analysis, t test, and Pearsonion correlation coefficient, were performedby SPSS statistics software to analyze and explain the raw data. Besides, I have interviewed a teacher who has winned the award of Teaching Excellence recognition in 2010. He made a description of operating the national defense education for the school. The results of this study were analyzed and discussed as follows. First, after operating the national defence education for five years, the preliminary effect has been noticed in the senior high school. Second, there was a significant difference between students¡¦ background and influencing factors of learning. Third, there was no significant difference between students¡¦ background and learning results. Forth, influencing factors have big impact toward learning effectiveness.

An insulation technique has been developed which contains a single or combination of materials to help minimize heat loss in actual industrial applications. For the petroleum industry, insulation for deep sea piping is one of the greatest challenges which would prevent the industry from meeting the high demand for oil through exploration into deeper ocean environments. At current seafloor depths (5,000~10,000ft), pipeline insulation is essential in preventing pipeline blockage resulting from the solidification of paraffin waxes and / or hydrate formation which exist in crude oil. To maintain crude oil temperatures above the paraffin solidification point (68°C or 155°F), new and better insulation techniques are essential to minimize pipeline heat loss and maintain crude oil temperatures. Therefore, the objective of this investigation was to determine whether or not the thermal resistance of a new insulation concept, which involves IIT (Interstitial Insulation Technology) with screen wire, was greater than existing readily available commercial products through analytical modeling and experimentation. The model takes into account both conforming and nonconforming interfaces at the wire screen contacts within the interstitial space between coaxial pipes. In addition, confirmation was needed to determine whether or not laboratory testing of simulated coupons translate to thermal performance for a prototype pipe segment that fabricated with two layers of low conductivity wire-screen (stainless steel) as the interstitial insulation material. Both the inner and outer surface temperatures of the coaxial pipes were measured in order to evaluate the effective thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of the insulation concept. The predicted results from the model compared very favorably with the experimental results, confirming both the trends and magnitudes of the experimental data. In other words, whether the reduction in heat transfer observed for small laboratory samples was realistic for application to a pipeline configuration. This effort involved both analytical modeling for all thermal resistances and experimental test runs for validation of the analytical model. Finally, it was a goal of this investigation to develop a simplified model for a multilayer composite structure which will include radiation heat transfer exchange among the layers that constitute the insulation. With the developed model, feasibility and performance characteristics of the insulation concept were predicted. The thermal predictions have demonstrated the thermal competitiveness of the interstitial insulation technology.

In this thesis, the characteristics and the applications of Kerr-like nonlinear optical waveguide structures have been studied. The nonlinear optical waveguide is a medium whose refractive index changes with the electric field intensity. In the characteristics of Kerr-like nonlinear optical waveguide structures, we propose a general method for analyzing the three-layer optical waveguide structure with all nonlinear layers by using modal theory. Based on this method, the analysis of transforming arbitrary nonlinear layer into linear layer can be achieved easily by modifying nonlinear coefficient. All kinds of the transverse electric field distributions and the dispersion relation in the three-layer Kerr-like nonlinear optical waveguide structure have been obtained. In the application of Kerr-like nonlinear optical waveguide structures, the Mach-Zehnder waveguide interferometer structure will be discussed. Based on the asymmetric medium and asymmetric construction, the new all-optical router switching device and dense wavelength division multiplexing device have been proposed. The numerical results show that the proposed structures could function as all-optical switch devices and all-optical dense wavelength division multiplexing device.

This thesis includes two topics. The first topic is an ADFS¡]All Digital Frequency Synthesizer¡^using a Flying Adder architecture. The second one is a low-power and low-latency 2-dimensional bypassing signed multiplier. In the first topic, the ADFS is implemented by only using the standard cell library of TSMC¡]Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company¡^0.18 £gm 1P6M CMOS process. The turn-around time is effectively reduced. Furthermore, the portability and reusability of the proposed design is significantly enhanced. The design provides stable clock signals with fast switching time. In the second topic, the proposed multiplier is carried out by Baugh-Wooley algorithm using 2-dimensional bypassing units. The proposed bypassing units automatically skip redundant signal transitions when either the horizontally¡]row¡^partial products or vertically¡]column¡^operands are zero.

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2004. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 76 p. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 55-56).

Organic π-conjugated molecules and materials with large real parts and small imaginary parts of the third-order polarizability are of great interest for all-optical switching applications. In this dissertation, we use quantum-chemical and molecular-dynamics approaches to investigate the structure-property relationships that influence the nonlinear optical properties of π-conjugated molecules and materials. We begin with an overview of nonlinear optics, focusing in particular on the electronic properties of linear π-conjugated systems and some of the important problems that have limited device applications of these molecules to date. This is followed by a brief review of the computational methods employed in these studies. We then turn to the main results of the dissertation. Chapter 3 describes the structural dependence of the transition dipole moment between the first two polymethine excited states. Chapter 4 discusses the relationship between BLA, which depends on the geometric structure, and BOA, which probes electronic structure. Chapter 5 describes the benchmarking of computational methods to describe the symmetry-breaking of long polymethines and preliminary evidence regarding the role of vibrational modes in symmetry-breaking. Chapter 6 explains the negative third-order polarizability of tetraphenylphosphate and analogous systems. Chapter 7 focuses on molecular-dynamics studies of polymethine aggregation, particularly the relationships between chemical structure and the geometric and electronic structures of aggregates. Finally, Chapter 8 provides a synopsis of the work and discussion of further directions.

All inclusive travel has become a popular way to travel abroad. When tourists pay for everything in advance their need for contact with the local people will be reduced. The consequences of this can be dissatisfaction from the local people as they are left out and do not share the financial benefits created by tourism. During the purchasing cycle of an all inclusive travel, it is possible that the tour operator can influence a sustainable development. The aim of this paper is to compare how a large and a small tour operator in their purchase of all inclusive holidays interacts with local players to create sustainable development, thereby creating a surplus value to the customer. The hypothesis is that the amount of knowledge and application of this knowledge regarding sustainable development differs in the purchase process between large and small tour operators. This paper was carried out as a case study. We conducted two deep interviews with the chosen tour operators Fritidsresor and PolarQuest. We came to our conclusion by analyzing the answers from the two tour operators and comparing them to the chosen theories. We found that Fritidsresor, as a large tour operator, has knowledge of sustainable development. However they do not use this knowledge in their purchase of all inclusive travels. Nor do they interact with local players to create surplus value to the customer. PolarQuest on the other hand succeed to create sustainable development by interaction with local players. The exchange of knowledge and information between the parties create surplus value for the customer. This conclusion confirms our hypothesis.