This thesis deals with description of CRC codes, which is a type of polynomial error correction codes, and description of CAN and CAN FD protocols used in automobiles for data transmission between sensors. One of the security elements is usage of the CRC codes with the Hamming distance 6. Unfortunately, both protocols contain a design vulnerability which causes that some received messages with one wrong bit do not have to be detected by the protocol. The aim of the thesis was to describe this vulnerability and found out, if it was possible to eliminate it by using different CRC code. It managed to characterize all messages, which are not during this vulnerability detected by CRC code and based on that it was possible to prove, that the probability of error does not depend on a CRC code choice of a fixed length. 1

<p>The aim of this research is to ask questions as to why child right laws for the protection of child soldiers have failed to protect children in the Darfur region of Sudan despite the<br /> fact that Sudan is a member to many of these children&rsquo / s rights instruments. Can conflict transformation therefore be of any help? This is research seeks to address the question posed above.</p>

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of most common cancer diseases worldwide. In Swedenapproximately 5,000 new cases of CRC are generated each year, which makes it the thirdmost common cancer disease among both men and women. The past decades ofimproved treatment strategies have considerably increased the five-year survival for CRCpatients. However more could be achieved in this area, in particular for metastatic CRC,which is the cause of most CRC-related deaths. Therefore it is important to study thebiological response to certain treatments induced in CRC to find valuable predictiveand/or prognostic factors to select patients for better suited treatments. The aim of this thesis was to gain insight into the molecular changes that occurfollowing irradiation or treatment with SN-38 in rectal cancer patients or colon cancercell lines by studying the RNA expression, protein expression, DNA cell cycledistribution and apoptotic response. The expression of phosphatase of regenerating liver(PRL) proteins was investigated in rectal cancers from 125 patients included in arandomized clinical trial of preoperative radiotherapy (RT). Increased expression of PRLswas seen at the invasive margin of primary and metastatic cancers compared with theinner area of the tumors. Moreover, strong PRL staining at the invasive margin correlatedto distant recurrence and worse survival of patients in the RT group but not in non-RTgroup (Paper I). Radiosensitivity was studied by treating KM12C, KM12SM andKM12L4a colon cancer cell lines with radiation. KM12C is of low metastatic naturecompared with the highly metastatic KM12SM and KM12L4a. Upregulation of ΔNp73and PRL-3 might contribute to the radioresistant phenotype in KM12C. In contrast,KM12L4a shows a high frequency of apoptosis and lack of upregulation of ΔNp73, PRL-3 and survivin, which might explain its radiosensitive phenotype (Paper II). KM12C,KM12SM and KM12L4a were treated with SN-38 which inhibits topoisomerase 1 (topo-1). The results show that SN-38 induces G2/S arrest and possess the capacity to triggerapoptosis in the three cell lines (Paper III). To further elucidate SN-38 effect on these celllines, the gene expression profile following SN-38 treatment was studied. Oligonucleotidearrays consisting of ~27,000 spots were hybridized with sample and reference cDNA.Both unsupervised and supervised hierarchical clustering analysis, and functional analysiswere performed. Supervised hierarchical clustering gives a strong signal of 1453discriminated genes, the vast majority being upregulated. Both upregulated anddownregulated genes point toward a favorable impact of SN-38 regarding the apoptoticpathways. For example RhoB and Bax are upregulated together with downregulation ofKras and survivin, which promotes apoptosis (Paper IV). In conclusion, PRLs may be valuable biomarkers for RT resistance, predicting apoor prognosis in rectal cancer patients. Targeting radio-resistance factors, such asΔNp73 and survivin may contribute to an increased sensitivity to RT. SN-38 affects cellproliferation and apoptosis.

The research accomplished in this dissertation is focused on the design of effective solutions to the problem that error codes occur in the ZigBee-based meeting attendance registration system. In this work, several different check algorithms are compared, and the powerful error-detecting Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) algorithm is studied. In view of the features of the meeting attendance registration system, we implement the check module of CRC-8. This work also considers the data reliability. We assume use retransmission mechanism to ensure the validity and completeness of transmission data. Finally, the potential technical improvement and future work are presented.

The Seamless Stressometer® roll (Seamless STR) is used to measure the flatness of aluminum and steel strip when there is an extreme demand on the surface finish. To protect the roll and strip, the roll is coated with two layers deposited by high velocity oxygen fueled spraying (HVOF), Cr-Ni(Si,B) closest to the roll and WC-Co on top. This solution has several disadvantages; high cost and complicated logistics, corrosion sensitivity and high residual stresses creates the need for two coatings which in turn complicates the process. Cobalt is, in addition, sensitive to low pH coolants and environmentally unfriendly. These problems have given rise to the idea of switching both the method and material of the coating. In the first part of this work, high velocity air fueled spraying (HVAF) was evaluated as an alternative deposition method. Three materials, Cr3C2-NiCr, WC-Co and WC-CrC-Ni were deposited on steel coupons with varying chamber pressure, powder feed rate and distance from the nozzle, in order to evaluate if HVAF can be a valid technique for use in this application and to optimize the spraying recipe. The objectives were to get a sufficiently high thickness per sweep, to be able to make the depositions in a manageable number of sweeps, and to get low porosity, since the coatings need to be dense to be hard and possible to polish smooth. The tests showed that all three materials can be sprayed with the high settings on the parameters to obtain coatings that exceeded the set limits of the objectives. In the second part of this work, the recipe obtained from the first part was used to deposit samples for further analysis. The coatings were compared regarding cost, hardness, friction, wear and pick-up properties to evaluate if a switch in material from WC-Co was possible. The coatings showed both similarities and differences. The friction was very similar for the three materials. Cr3C2-NiCr was substantially cheaper than the other two, had lower hardness and higher porosity, but still probably acceptable values, and was satisfactory regarding wear and pick-up. WC-Co and WC-CrC-Ni were very similar to each other regarding cost, hardness and porosity but WC-Co was the best regarding wear and pick-up, where WC-CrC-Ni was the worst. The only clear advantage of WC-CrC-Ni over WC-Co is the lack of cobalt. Taking everything into consideration, including the fact that the wear and pick-up tests in this work was quite exaggerated, Cr3C2-NiCr is an interesting option for this application due to its low cost and acceptable test results, WC-Co had the best results but is expensive and contains cobalt and WC-CrC-Ni had as good results as WC-Co except for the wear and pick-up tests and does not contain cobalt.

<p>The aim of this research is to ask questions as to why child right laws for the protection of child soldiers have failed to protect children in the Darfur region of Sudan despite the<br /> fact that Sudan is a member to many of these children&rsquo / s rights instruments. Can conflict transformation therefore be of any help? This is research seeks to address the question posed above.</p>

Magister Legum - LLM / South Africa

The thesis argues that there is a common core conception of childhood in traditional African communities and that this understanding of childhood is different from the image of childhood in the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the African Children‟s Charter. In order to successfully implement children‟s rights in Africa care must be taken to ensure that the cultural norms and values that inform the conception of childhood in Africa is accommodated. Failure to do this is problematic on at least two grounds. First, it increases the economic and social costs of implementing children‟s rights in many African communities. Second, implementing children‟s rights norms that are considered by some communities in Africa as alien without adopting those norms to the African context will continue to increase the resistance of local communities to children‟s rights. Such an approach will be seen as replacing local cultural values with alien cultural norms. This could result in multiple-lived experience for children, weakened family structures and support and, possibly, compromised cultural identities of children. To minimise these consequences, the thesis recommends the application of the norms in these two children‟s rights treaties in a context-and child-specific manner. It is further argued that a „universal pluralistic‟ theoretical framework will facilitate reasonable deference to local contexts that further the cause of children‟s rights and. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / Centre for Human Rights / LLD / Unrestricted

No description available.

The characterization of Kaiso transgenic mice, a potential model for the IBD-to-CAC transition. / Colitis-associated cancer (CAC) is a poorly characterized subgroup of colorectal cancers (CRC) that afflicts ~20% patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The limited understanding of CAC stems from the lack of suitable mammalian model systems, as well as a general gap in knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms of this disease. Currently, colitis is modelled by the use of the detergent dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to induce inflammation in the intestines of mice. Studies have shown that increased expression of the transcription factor Kaiso causes intestinal inflammation and early-stage tumorigenesis in mice, even without additional intestinal insult. This inflammatory progression mimics the beginnings of CAC in humans, and we postulate that with a “second-hit” caused by a carcinogen such as azoxymethane (AOM), the mice will cross the threshold from inflammation to carcinogenesis. Wildtype (WT), KaisoTg mice, and APCmin/+/KaisoTg crossed mice were exposed to various combinations of the pro-inflammatory detergent DSS, the carcinogen AOM and the general anti-inflammatory, aspirin. Intestinal tissues were collected for gross morphological assessment, polyp quantification and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis, in order to determine the relative expression level and localization of pro-inflammatory and tumorigenic proteins. We hypothesized that exposure to DSS or AOM will exacerbate Kaiso-mediated intestinal inflammation and lead to colitis-associated cancer (i.e. polyp formation), while aspirin will rescue the APCmin/+/KaisoTg accelerated tumour forming phenotype. KaisoTg treated with AOM or DSS exhibited an impeded weight gain phenotype, extensive intestinal hyperplasia and altered gene expression. IHC analysis revealed that two key adhesion proteins, p120ctn and E-Cadherin exhibit aberrant expression and localization in KaisoTg, independent of treatment. Additionally, it was observed that AOM treatment and Kaiso overexpression work synergistically to produce an ectopic expression profile for the proliferation marker, Ki67. Together these finding suggest a role for Kaiso in intestinal inflammation, cancer initiation via altered proliferation, and the destabilization of adherens junctions, leading to a compromised intestinal epithelial barrier. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)