Esta dissertação trata da interação entre linguagem escrita e figurativa, aproveitando um debate geral, mas concentra-se na experiência grega sobre o tema. Assim, partindo da compreensão antiga dessa aproximação, serão perseguidos os aspectos gráficos (que integravam conceitualmente escrita e desenho - como indica o verbo graphêin), presentes na cerâmica ática ornamentada do período arcaico. Questões sobre a articulação de fontes escritas e materiais na pesquisa arqueológica também serão tratadas. Estruturalmente, este texto se divide em questões teórico-metodológicas relativas à natureza da documentação e seu tratamento no campo da Arqueologia Histórica e Epigrafia; e as justificativas das delimitações espaço-temporais. Depois, uma discussão sobre o gráfico, de forma geral, caminhando para o caso grego. Por fim, a apresentação de questões gráficas e relacionadas, próprias da documentação selecionada; bem como um estudo de caso: as ânforas panatenaicas / This work deals with the interaction between written and figurative languages in the general debate, but concentrates in the Greek experience about this subject. Therefore, we will begin with the ancient understanding of this approach; the graphical aspects present at Attic decorated ceramics of the archaic period will be pursued (due to the fact that these graphical aspects conceptually included writing and drawing, as it is indicated by the verb graphêin). Questions about the relationship between written and material sources in the archaeological research will be also considered. Structurally, this text is divided in theoretical-methodological questions about the nature of the documentation discussed in the field of Historical Archaeology and Greek Epigraphy and the justifications of time and space limits. After that, it is also included a general debate over the graphic, restricting to the Greek example. Finally, there will be a presentation of graphical questions and the ones related to the chosen documentation, as well as a case study: the panathenaic amphorae.

Esta dissertação trata da interação entre linguagem escrita e figurativa, aproveitando um debate geral, mas concentra-se na experiência grega sobre o tema. Assim, partindo da compreensão antiga dessa aproximação, serão perseguidos os aspectos gráficos (que integravam conceitualmente escrita e desenho - como indica o verbo graphêin), presentes na cerâmica ática ornamentada do período arcaico. Questões sobre a articulação de fontes escritas e materiais na pesquisa arqueológica também serão tratadas. Estruturalmente, este texto se divide em questões teórico-metodológicas relativas à natureza da documentação e seu tratamento no campo da Arqueologia Histórica e Epigrafia; e as justificativas das delimitações espaço-temporais. Depois, uma discussão sobre o gráfico, de forma geral, caminhando para o caso grego. Por fim, a apresentação de questões gráficas e relacionadas, próprias da documentação selecionada; bem como um estudo de caso: as ânforas panatenaicas / This work deals with the interaction between written and figurative languages in the general debate, but concentrates in the Greek experience about this subject. Therefore, we will begin with the ancient understanding of this approach; the graphical aspects present at Attic decorated ceramics of the archaic period will be pursued (due to the fact that these graphical aspects conceptually included writing and drawing, as it is indicated by the verb graphêin). Questions about the relationship between written and material sources in the archaeological research will be also considered. Structurally, this text is divided in theoretical-methodological questions about the nature of the documentation discussed in the field of Historical Archaeology and Greek Epigraphy and the justifications of time and space limits. After that, it is also included a general debate over the graphic, restricting to the Greek example. Finally, there will be a presentation of graphical questions and the ones related to the chosen documentation, as well as a case study: the panathenaic amphorae.

Au lendemain de la défaite de 1967 appelée la naksa, une génération d’intellectuels syriens, égyptiens et libanais s’engagent dans l’écriture et l’illustration pour les enfants. Ce faisant ils se racontent et dessinent leur avenir idéalisé. La création arabe en littérature pour la jeunesse qui se développe dans les années 1970 est profondément animée par le souffle idéologique de son temps. Elle pose les jalons structurels, thématiques et graphiques qui inspirent la production contemporaine. Les auteurs, illustrateurs et éditeurs entendent parler à l’enfant arabe du monde dans lequel il grandit. Ils mènent une réflexion sur les thématiques, sur les niveaux de langue arabe, sur l’image figurative, ses héritages, sa structure et ses codes. Leur quête est littéraire, artistique et identitaire : ils sont les initiateurs d’une renaissance, une nahda pour les enfants. Ces questionnements sont les pierres d’angle de notre recherche. Celle-ci se concentre sur le mouvement avant-gardiste de création arabe en littérature pour la jeunesse des années 1970 à nos jours, elle ambitionne d’en étudier les rouages et les ouvrages, d’observer l’articulation entre l’œuvre, son intention, son mode de production et son message. Il s’agit d’une part d’archiver les mémoires et les histoires collectives et individuelles, d’élucider les héritages et les filiations de ces créateurs, de suivre l’évolution de leurs motivations idéologiques, artistiques, économiques. Il s’agit d’autre part de faire une lecture au plus prés de notre corpus, une étude de l’évolution des thématiques au fil du temps mais aussi une analyse des albums eux-mêmes, dans leur structure linguistique et graphique. / After the defeat of 1967, known as the naksa, a generation of Syrian, Egyptian and Lebanese intellectuals began writing and illustrating children's books. In doing so they gave form to an idealized future. Children's literature that developed in the Arab world during the 1970s was greatly influenced by the ideological climate of the time. It laid the structural, thematic and graphical foundations on which today's work is based. The goal of authors, illustrators and publishers was to produce works for Arab children which described the world in which they were growing up. Their work was centered on themes, on the different levels of Arabic, on the figurative image, its heritage, its structure and its codes and conventions. Their objective was literary, artistic, and a quest for cultural identity. They were the vanguard of a renaissance, a nahda for children.These questions form the basis of this research. It concentrates on the avant-guard movement in children's literature from the 1970s to the present day. It attempts to study the way it worked and what was published, to observe the connections between the work itself, its aims, the way it was produced and its message. The research involves, on the one hand, documenting recollections and stories, both collective and individual, tracing the heritage and interconnections among of those involved, to follow the development of their ideological, artistic and economic motivation. It will also involve a detailed study of illustrated books for children, an examination of the thematic evolution over time, as well as a semiological reading of the books themselves, with reference to their linguistic and graphic structure.