- 1 - Abstract Business management The purpose of this thesis is to analyze selected aspects of business management with an emphasis on the legal regulation of instructions given by a general meeting, including instructions on request. The thesis also deals with specifics of business management in a monistic system of management of a stock corporation or in a group of companies. The thesis is divided into four chapters; each of them is closed with a partial summary which informs briefly about the topic being discussed and the resulting conclusions. The introductory chapter focuses on a management board of the stock corporation as a body which has an exclusive competence in business management and it defines the concept of business management and its limits in a decision-making process within the stock corporation. Chapter two deals with internal and external powers of the management board and it shows their mutual coherence and the resulting impacts on business management. Chapter three describes the internal organization of management of the stock corporation. Firstly, the decision-making process of the management board as a collective body is analyzed according to the Civil Code, s. 156 and, subsequently, the rules of delegation of powers are being discussed as drafted in the Business Corporations Act....

Magister Curationis - MCur / Parents undergo negative experiences that include parental anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress when their new-born babies are hospitalised in neonatal intensive care unit. During this stressful period, parents need assistance from staff in order to cope. A quantitative, descriptive survey design was used to describe parents’ perception of nursing support during their baby’s admission in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) at three selected private hospitals in the city of Cape Town in the Western Cape Province. A structured existing 21- item Likert type questionnaire, the Nurse-Parent Support Tool (NPST) was used to collect data from an all-inclusive sample of 85 parents with a response rate of 78.8% (n=67). The purpose of the questionnaire was to determine their perception of information giving and communication by nurses; emotionally supportive behaviours by nurses; care given support or instrumental support and to identify parents’ perception of esteem or appraisal support while in the NICU environment. The data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24. The findings of this study suggested that the overall mean score for parents’ perception of nursing support was high 4.6 (±0.5) out of a possible of 5. There was no significant difference in the overall mean perceived support score between the different facilities. No significant differences were found in terms of all the demographics characteristics with regard to perceptions of the support that was received, thus indicating that there was no relationship between the demographic variables and perception of support. The findings suggested that though high parental support was reported, the area of involving parents in the care of their babies i.e. letting them decide whether to stay or leave during procedures need improvement.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T14:21:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Valterci Vieira.pdf: 3187812 bytes, checksum: f3a9119d2ebf495a5b96633b738ee366 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-20 / This essay investigates and seeks to understand the meanings given by the lower class families of six adolescents and youth regarding police violence. Its objective is to identify psychosocial mediations constructed and used to deal with this reality. In order to develop this investigation information was collected from accusations presented by the families and through the media which spoke of homicides, disappearances and physical aggressions practiced by the police, and cases were registered in the municipalities of Goiânia, Aparecida de Goiânia and Senador Canedo during the time period of 2003 to 2008. Semi-structured interviews were held with eight relatives, focusing on the life history of these relatives and of the victim, their situation of suffering and pain and themes related to the role and behavior of the institutions directly connected to police violence. Analysis of the categories speaks to the social and cultural dimensions related to institutional questions and objectives. Also it relates to questions regarding emotional, affective and individual experiences of the subjects. Police violence is frequently hidden by structural violence and maintained by mechanisms of domination and societal control. It is revealed in a powerful manner from the given meanings, which allows one to comprehend this form of contemporary violence. As thus stated, the psychosocial mediations reveal full intentionality of the subjects regarding their overcoming the situation of the suffered violence, making it clear how much they often have their basic rights as citizens ignored. The issue here is forms of extermination practiced by official discourse, as being an inevitable and even necessary action in the struggle against crime , especially in large urban centers, and most often practiced against adolescents and youth. / O presente trabalho investiga e compreende os sentidos produzidos por familiares de seis jovens e adolescentes de classes populares acerca da Violência Policial. Teve como objetivo identificar mediações psicossociais construídas e utilizadas para lidarem com essa realidade. Para desenvolver essa investigação, foram coletadas informações a partir de denúncias apresentadas por familiares e pela mídia, com respeito a homicídios, desaparecimentos e agressões físicas praticadas por policiais, e casos registrados nos municípios de Goiânia, Aparecida de Goiânia e Senador Canedo, no período de 2003 a 2008. Foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas com oito familiares, tendo por referência a sua história de vida e a da vitima, a sua situação de sofrimento e dor vivida e temas relacionados ao papel e atuação de instituições diretamente vinculadas à violência policial. A análise das categorias articula dimensões sociais e culturais quanto às questões institucionais e objetivas e às questões vinculadas às experiências emocionais, afetivas e individuais dos sujeitos. A violência policial é ocultada muitas vezes em sua forma estrutural e mantida por mecanismos de dominação e controle da sociedade. Mas foi revelada de maneira contundente a partir dos sentidos produzidos, que permitiram compreendê-la na contemporaneidade. Como se constatou, as mediações psicossociais construídas revelam a intencionalidade dos sujeitos quanto à superação da situação sofrida, explicitando o quanto são desprovidos de direitos básicos de cidadania. A violência policial é forma de extermínio que tem comparecido como prática defendida através de discursos oficiais ou como ação inevitável e mesmo necessária na luta contra a criminalidade , especialmente nos grandes centros urbanos, e impetrados, sobretudo, contra adolescentes e jovens.

The acquisition of the Indian land by the Cherokee Commission between 1890 to 1892 was a series of events that changed the future of many indian nations and parts of american history. In the midst of these great changes, Kiowa interpreter for the Cherokee commission: Joshua H Given, ended up in a controversial position. He was accused of having deliberately cheated and mislead the Indians to get them to sign the agreements to allot their land to the goverment. This led to several attempts by the Indian tribes to annul the agreements with the commission and the condemnation of Joshua Given by many Kiowas. This essay is an attempt to clarify parts of Joshua H Givens life, actions and death through a source-critical analysis of the sources used in the research of Joshua Given. The views of two historians, C. Blue Clark and William T. Hagan, is used to contrast and compare the actions and life of Given to get a fuller view of the complicity of this individual. Hagans views is more focused on the image of a trying mediator, while Clark focuses on the images of a deceiving interpreter, By the work and theories of Nancy L. Hagedorn and Margaret Connell Szasz on the cultural broker as an cultural intermediate, Givens complexe relation to the clashing cultures and tradition of his own Kiowa nation and his newly learned western and Christian culture can be undersood as a failiure to gain the extremely important trust required for such mediation between the parties.

A partir de 1555, le catholique royaume de France connaît l’implantation d’Eglises dites réformées selon l’Evangile. Opposés sur de nombreux sujets théologiques, catholiques et réformés reconnaissent toutefois mutuellement la validité du baptême reçu dans l’autre confession. Cette thèse explore la réalité de cette reconnaissance mutuelle et l’apport du baptême à l’identité réformée, en privilégiant les sources des provinces synodales de l’Ouest. D’une part, elle s’appuie sur une étude de textes (Confession de foi, Discipline ecclésiastique, la Forme d’administrer le baptême, catéchismes, sermons…) et de la controverse religieuse. D’autre part, elle s’intéresse à la pratique à travers des registres de baptêmes, délibérations des consistoires et actes de synodes, ego-documents, l’iconographie et la réglementation royale. Les principales tensions concernent d’abord les cérémonies du baptême catholique, pour ensuite se cristalliser autour de la doctrine catholique de la nécessité absolue du baptême pour le salut des enfants, révélant en parallèle des divisions internes aux réformés. Le « rituel » du baptême, selon les textes et des récits d’observateurs, reflète une sobriété de la liturgie. La présentation des enfants au baptême par des parrains et marraines est soumise à des règles précises sous le contrôle des consistoires ; elle sert ainsi la cohésion de la communauté. Les actes de baptêmes révèlent un vocabulaire et des modèles de parrainage particuliers, tandis que la préférence pour un prénom de l’Ancien Testament n’est que partiellement confirmée. Le pouvoir royal se sert du baptême comme instrument dans sa volonté de ramener les réformés à la foi catholique, avant de l’interdire par l’édit de Fontainebleau (1685), révoquant l’édit de Nantes. Les résultats montrent le baptême réformé comme élément d’une identité confessionnelle réformée. / By the year 1555, the catholic kingdom of France affronted the settlement of Churches "being reformed according to the Gospel". Being on conflict with many subjects, Catholic and Reformed nevertheless mutually recognize baptism received in the opposite confession. Focusing on the Western synodal provinces, this thesis explores the reality of mutual recognition and the contribution of baptism to the reformed identity. On the one hand, the study concerns texts (Confession of Faith, Church Order, the Baptism's Form, catechisms, sermons) as well as religious controversy. On the other hand, the study examines baptismal practice bu baptism records, consistoty records and synod proceedings, egodocuments and the royal regulation. Where in the beginning the principal tensions concern catholic baptism ceremonies, later on, they cristallize on catholic doctrine of the absolute necessity of baptism for infants' salvation, revealing in the meantime internal discordance amongst the Reformed. The 'ritual' of baptism, according to texts and observational writings reveals a sobre liturgy. The presentation of infants by godparents is submitted to several rules being surveyed by the consistories, which make it contribute to community cohesion. Baptismal records reveal some typical vocabulary and godparent models ; the supposed preference for Old Testament given names could only partially be confirmed. The King used baptism as an instrument to bring the Reformed back to the Catholic faith, before banning it by the edict of Revocation (1685)

Using an extensive cross-section of US corporate CDS this paper offers an economic understanding of implied loss given default (LGD) and jumps in default risk. We formulate and underpin empirical stylized facts about CDS spreads, which are then reproduced in our affine intensity-based jump-diffusion model. Implied LGD is well identified, with obligors possessing substantial tangible assets expected to recover more. Sudden increases in the default risk of investment-grade obligors are higher relative to speculative grade. The probability of structural migration to default is low for investment-grade and heavily regulated obligors because investors fear distress rather through rare but devastating events. (authors' abstract)

Le Canon de Scanderbeg n'est libellé ni proclamé par aucun organe législatif ou exécutif de l'État, il n'est décrété par aucun monarque et n'est imposé par aucun envahisseur : le droit coutumier est né de la nécessité de régler la vie des communautés rurales sur le plan judiciaire en l’absence de lois.Un rôle important y est accordé aux Anciens dans la gestion de la vie de la communauté rurale. Jusqu’à la création de l'État albanais, les us et les coutumes ont fonctionné comme des organes régissant les rapports entre personnes, entre membres d’une famille, d’une tribu, d’une région et entre les régions.Au fil du temps, ils sont devenus des normes, donnant naissance au droit coutumier albanais. L'évolution du droit coutumier non écrit s'est reflétée au cours des siècles dans les normes coutumières.Le Canon de Scanderbeg est conçu comme une unité organique comportant des éléments convergents et divergents avec les autres Canons. Cette diversité y a été représentée en une mosaïque de nuances définies en termes spécifiques.Le coutumier de Scanderbeg est riche en normes qui embrassent plusieurs aspects de la vie du peuple ; leur diversité témoigne de l'ancienneté de son usage.Bien qu’il offre l’aspect d’une unité organique indépendante, le Coutumier de Scanderbeg, au même titre que les autres coutumiers du peuple albanais, se rattache d'une part à une plus grande unité et d'autre part se subdivise à son tour en plusieurs subdivisions plus petites.Il confirme l’idée que les différents coutumiers du peuple albanais ont un grand nombre de points de contact entre eux ; cela justifie la thèse de l'existence d'un patrimoine commun comme une unité plus haute, que l'on peut appeler le droit coutumier du peuple albanais.Le Canon de Scanderbeg est donc considéré comme un corpus juris appliqué jusqu'à une période récente dans les régions placées sous la domination des Kastriotes, en particulier les régions de Mat, Krujë, Dibër, Kurbnesh, Bendë, Tamadhë et Martanesh.Le Canon de Scanderbeg comprend 225 pages ; il est reparti en 7 parties, 33 chapitres, 241 articles et 3534 paragraphes. Cette œuvre traite de l'organisation de la vie en famille, des droits et des devoirs de ses membres, des règles concernant le domicile et le patrimoine, du droit au patrimoine et à l'héritage, de la division de la famille, de la vente et l'achat d'une maison, des institutions de l'hospitalité et de la parole donnée, de l'organisation et de la cohabitation au niveau du voisinage et au niveau régional.Elle évoque aussi la hiérarchie et le fonctionnement de la vie au sein de la famille, de la tribu, du village, de la bannière, de la région, ainsi que des droits et des devoirs de l'individu et de la collectivité. Les normes coutumières de la vendetta, de la justice privée, des institutions, des garanties, du serment et de la réconciliation font l’objet de chapitres particuliers. On y trouve aussi des normes qui définissent la position des institutions religieuses, de l'église et de la mosquée. / The research on the canon law is an important aspect of the study of the history of Albanian people, particularly of their culture. Its evolution over the centuries has also been expressed in unwritten norms, inherited generation after generation, which reflect the socio-economic situation of different regions during the past periods and which in Albania were given the name of Greek-Byzantine origin”kanun” (canon).We know the Canon of Scanderbeg, the Canon of Dukagini, the Canon of Malsia e Madhe and of the Laberia. As early as the beginning of the XIXth century in the context of the research on the research on the Albanian history, language and culture, the first studies undertaken by foreign albanologists on the ethnocultural traditions became apparent.Among them, there were travelers and diplomats, as; Lik, Pukvil, A. Bue, Hekard, who fokuced genuine on the customary law. By the middle of the 19tth century an important step was made in this direction by the Austrian consul J.G Han who made known to the scientific world, the customary law and its institutions, the ancient character of which, as he pointed and was closely linked which the origin of the Albanian people.Han made an introduction of the law of the Mountains of the Canon of Scanderbeg which operated in Mat and Diber. In this wide territory lay in the past the principality of the Kastriots, whose memory, besides the documents is also preserved in numerous legends and toponyms, which Albanian people devoted to Scanderbeg. In this territory there exists a very detailed variant of the Canon, which Albanian people call the Canon of Scanderbeg. This canon contains similar fundamental principles of canonical law, but in the traces of its development, we also come across alien influences, especially those of the Sheriat.

The objective of this thesis is a business management of a Czech capital company. The purpose is to give a definition or prevailing characteristic of business management and to point out the problems of interpretation, analyse them and outline possible solutions. The thesis is divided into six chapters, each of them is divided into subchapters and where necessary also into parts. Each chapter ends with a short summary. The first chapter focuses on giving a definition of term business management. Many characteristics of this terms are given from judicial decisions of Supreme Court of Czech Republic. It is needed to distinguish business management from strategic decisions, decisions with low importance and acting on behalf of a company, although this may in some cases follow the decisions about business management. Second chapter discuss about historical terms using instead of business management. The third chapter deals with organizational structure of limited liability company and joint-stock company. In joint-stock company executive board solve questions about business management. In limited liability company have a duty to make decisions about business management directors. The monistic structure of joint-stock company is described and analysed in last chapter. The fourth chapter covers...

There has been a tremendous growth in the computer, television and RADAR fields. As a result, demands on the components that give time control over pulse information have led to the development of a great variety of delay lines. Delay lines are used in the systems that relate electrical information to time like computers, television, telemetering systems, guiding missiles, navigating systems, identifying coders and decoders, radar systems and video tape recorders are typical systems that use delay lines. Delay lines are also used in electronic objects for making decision point, in sound reinforcements. In a delay network, for a given bandwidth, the amount of delay increases as the order increases. Therefore we propose an idea of optimizing the poles of the filter in order to get more delay over a given order and bandwidth.

As instituições financeiras que pretendem utilizar a IRB (Internal Ratings Based) avançada precisam desenvolver métodos para estimar a componente de risco LGD (Loss Given Default). Desde a década de 1950 são apresentadas propostas para modelagem da PD (Probability of default), em contrapartida, a previsão da LGD somente recebeu maior atenção após a publicação do Acordo Basileia II. A LGD possui ainda uma literatura pequena, se comparada a PD, e não há um método eficiente em termos de acurácia e interpretação como é a regressão logística para a PD. Modelos de regressão para LGD desempenham um papel fundamental na gestão de risco das instituições financeiras. Devido sua importância este trabalho propõe uma metodologia para quantificar a componente de risco LGD. Considerando as características relatadas sobre a distribuição da LGD e na forma flexível que a distribuição beta pode assumir, propomos uma metodologia de estimação da LGD por meio do modelo de regressão beta bimodal inflacionado em zero. Desenvolvemos a distribuição beta bimodal inflacionada em zero, apresentamos algumas propriedades, incluindo momentos, definimos estimadores via máxima verossimilhança e construímos o modelo de regressão para este modelo probabilístico, apresentamos intervalos de confiança assintóticos e teste de hipóteses para este modelo, bem como critérios para seleção de modelos, realizamos um estudo de simulação para avaliar o desempenho dos estimadores de máxima verossimilhança para os parâmetros da distribuição beta bimodal inflacionada em zero. Para comparação com nossa proposta selecionamos os modelos de regressão beta e regressão beta inflacionada, que são abordagens mais usuais, e o algoritmo SVR , devido a significativa superioridade relatada em outros trabalhos. / Financial institutions willing to use the advanced Internal Ratings Based (IRB) need to develop methods to estimate the LGD (Loss Given Default) risk component. Proposals for PD (Probability of default) modeling have been presented since the 1950s, in contrast, LGDs forecast has received more attention only after the publication of the Basel II Accord. LGD also has a small literature, compared to PD, and there is no efficient method in terms of accuracy and interpretation such as logistic regression for PD. Regression models for LGD play a key role in the risk management of financial institutions, due to their importance this work proposes a methodology to quantify the LGD risk component. Considering the characteristics reported on the distribution of LGD and in the flexible form that the beta distribution may assume, we propose a methodology for estimation of LGD using the zero inflated bimodal beta regression model. We developed the zero inflated bimodal beta distribution, presented some properties, including moments, defined estimators via maximum likelihood and constructed the regression model for this probabilistic model, presented asymptotic confidence intervals and hypothesis test for this model, as well as selection criteria of models, we performed a simulation study to evaluate the performance of the maximum likelihood estimators for the parameters of the zero inflated bimodal beta distribution. For comparison with our proposal we selected the beta regression models and inflated beta regression, which are more usual approaches, and the SVR algorithm, due to the significant superiority reported in other studies.