Society has become increasingly segregated by age which lessens the opportunities for communication between generations. Before the Internet, children and adolescents typically learned through traditional means - their parents, school teachers, and life experiences. Adults believed they were capable of recognizing and addressing the needs of children and adolescents. (Strom & Strom, 2012) Now, the global media is widely accessed by people of all ages which gives it the ability to influence a large population in different ways. This has led to children and adolescents being more heavily influenced and educated by the media than other traditional sources. Adolescents, in particular, are more reliant on each other for conversation, feedback, and advice. (Kovarik, 2011) Retirees, on average, are more active now than they were 20 years ago and 54% of seniors (age 60+) are considering working after retirement age (typically 65) which is up from 45% in a 2014 poll. Of the seniors polled, 81% say they will work part-time while 19% say they will work full-time.

This thesis is an interpretation of the ritualistic and storied behaviour of two Christian congregations of the Charismatic ‘house-church’ or ‘New Church’ genre, established within the last thirty years in Glasgow, West of Scotland. The exercise is framed by the field of research and commentary on the global rise and impact of the Neo-Pentecostal or Charismatic Movement in the latter part of the twentieth century, from which the ‘house-churches’ derive motivation and ritual, and by the growing field of Congregational Studies pioneered by James F. Hopewell (1988) in Congregation: Stories and Structures. The congregations which form the locus for the fieldwork are Bishopbriggs Charismatic Church (BCC – a pseudonym) in the northern suburbs of Glasgow and Bridgeton Charismatic Fellowship (BCF - a pseudonym), an inner-city congregation in the East End of Glasgow. PART ONE: Charismatic Renewal, Congregational Studies & Two Churches provides the background in terms of general history, methodology, and interpretation of the two congregations. Chapter One charts the history of the Charismatic Movement and the rise of the ‘house-churches’, with particular focus on its history in Scotland. Chapter Two explores the literature relating to the ethnographic axis of ritual and narrative as used in this thesis. Chapter Three explains the rationale for the ethnographic methodology practiced, and its relationship to the theological interpretative schema in which it is framed. Chapter Four is a description of the fieldwork sites and a full picture of the two congregations. Chapter Five is a primary parabolic interpretation of the two congregations. PART TWO: Rituals that Live is a series of themed essays that explore and interpret the essential habitus of the two congregations. Chapter Six argues that music acts to catalyse the Divine-human encounter, turning ‘secular’ space into ‘sacred’ space. In Chapter Seven I observe and interpret the somatic nature of the ritual field. Chapter Eight explores an imaginal process which weaves its revelatory efficacy. Chapter Nine explores the symbiotic relationship of ritual to narrative and Chapter Ten turns ethnographic observation from the central ritual matrix of Sunday morning to the missional activity of the congregations. Chapter Eleven argues for a particular missiology based on motifs and themes arising from the previous six chapters. PART THREE: Beyond the Written Word concludes the thesis by arguing that the Charismatic habitus of the house-churches indicates a surprising turn of Protestant congregations to semiotics and orality. Following Catherine Pickstock (1998) and Walter J. Ong (1969) I contend that this turn is a pursuit of presence against the distancing effects of the written and propositional dogmas of Protestant ancestry.

This report is the result of a fifteen week internship with the Interpretation Department at Longue Vue House and Gardens, New Orleans, Louisiana. During this internship I participated in many projects including the development of an interactive children's program for the Longue Vue house. This report also concentrates on the organization's history and structure, the internship's responsibilities and tasks, and an analysis of the organization.

This thesis is a study of the development of investigatory select committees of the House of Commons during the twentieth century, with a particular emphasis on the period between 1960 and 1990. Synthesising existing analysis as well as presenting new evidence, it describes the early origins of such committees as an integral part of the work of the House, and then considers the House’s apparent loss of interest in select committees between 1920 and 1960. The thesis next discusses the reasons behind the introduction of new select committees in the mid-1960s, and traces further changes to committees during the 1970s. These developments are set in the political context of the period, and in particular the growth of backbench dissent in both major parties during the 1970s. The thesis then analyses the process by which departmentally-related select committees came to be established in 1979. Finally it assesses the quantitative and qualitative evidence about the activity and impact of the new departmental select committees in their first decade up to 1990, relating them closely to the political environment created by the government of Margaret Thatcher.

Reduction of carbon emissions is understood to be vital to help mitigate catastrophic climate change. In Europe, 40% of energy use is attributed to the built environment (European Commission, 2010), with a large proportion of this from dwellings. In line other legislation for decarbonisation under the Climate Change Act of 2008, the UK Government has agreed that all new housing will be ‘zero carbon’ from 2016 onwards. From a technical aspect this task is feasible using improved insulation performance, more airtight building techniques, efficient servicing, and renewable energy technologies. In practice however, post-occupancy evaluation studies highlight a discrepancy between design energy use and measured energy performance, with a tendency for real buildings to use more energy than designed and for projects regarded as ‘low energy’ in design to use an equivalent amount of energy as a pre-existing counterpart (Bordass, 2001; Branco, Lachal, Gallinelli, & Weber, 2004; Gill, Tierney, Pegg, & Allan, 2011). This difference between design and use - ‘the design gap’ - is attributed to both the physical ‘hard’ features of the building (form, area, systems) and occupant-driven or ‘soft’ features (ventilation & heating preferences) by a number of studies (Guerra Santin, Itard, & Visscher, 2009; Socolow, 1978). This body of work begins with a review of the field and state of the art - occupant influence on energy use in a domestic environment. The first contribution to knowledge is in the adapted utilisation of a piece of software by Richardson et al. which stochastically generated electricity use profiles for homes which are shown to be similar to measured energy usage, both in net energy use and in load profiles (Richardson, Thomson, & Infield, 2008). This adapted software was implemented to generate appliance use profiles for a number of dwelling models. These results are then interrogated and a regression model proposed based on a number of dependent variables identified in the input profiles. The theory of planned behaviour is used to underpin a survey in which a number of households are asked to comment on their attitude and behaviour with regards to energy use in the home – the homes in this case being new-build Passivhaus council-housing in Devon. The results of this project form the second aspect of this work’s contribution to knowledge.

O objeto da pesquisa parte da premissa de se fazer um levantamento e reconhecimento de diferentes modelos e técnicas, elaborados por vários autores, a serem aplicados no dimensionamento dos espaços da habitação, quer seja na elaboração, quer seja na avaliação. Neles, são identificados e analisados os aspectos ergonômicos da apropriação para o homem desses espaços, destinados ao seu uso como moradia. Dentro da premissa apresentada, pretende-se conhecer as implicações das dimensões humanas, considerando o próprio homem como referência, na história da arquitetura habitacional, a partir dos aspectos funcionais, simbólicos, culturais e étnicos; e os requisitos de projeto que influem na ocupação e dimensionamento dos espaços da habitação, utilizando-se das técnicas de pesquisa antropométrica. Para tanto, são identificados e analisados os aspectos ergonômicos da apropriação desses espaços pelo homem, destinados ao seu uso como moradia. A pesquisa inicia em associar as dimensões humanas e os espaços edificados destinados à habitação, através de uma visão histórica dos estudos que influíram na arquitetura residencial, enquanto preocupação dimensional, baseada na figura humana. Apresenta conceitos e requisitos para uma habitação e investiga os modelos e técnicas desenvolvidas para o dimensionamento dos espaços habitacionais onde são considerados aspectos ergonômicos, de modo a se fazer uma aplicação metodológica desses modelos e técnicas para análise e dimensionamento de um projeto habitacional. Esta aplicação é feita por meio da elaboração uma caracterização ergonômica que consiste em analisar o usuário, as funções de uso e as atividades, os ambientes e espaços funcionais da habitação e o uso de mobiliário e equipamentos necessários. / The object of the research leaves from the premise of doing recognition of different models and techniques, elaborated by several authors, to be applied in the dimensioning of the spaces of the house, for its elaboration, or for its evaluation. In them, the ergonomic aspects of the appropriation for the man of those spaces, destined to his use as home are identified and analyzed. Inside of the presented premise, it intends to know the implications of the human dimensions, considering the man himself as reference, in the history of the habitation\'s architecture, starting from the functional, symbolic, cultural and ethnic aspects; and the project requirements that influence on the occupation and dimensioning of the spaces of the house, using the techniques of anthropometric research. For that matter, the ergonomic aspects of the appropriation of those spaces by the man are identified and analyzed, for his use as home. The research begins in associating the human dimensions and the built spaces destined to the house, through a historical view of the studies that were influenced on the residential architecture, while dimensional concern, based on the human figure. It presents concepts and requirements for a house and it investigates the models and techniques developed for the dimensioning of the housing spaces where ergonomic aspects are considered, doing a methodological application of those models and techniques for analysis and dimensioning of a housing project. This application is made through the elaboration of an ergonomic characterization that consists of analyzing the user, the use functions and the activities, the functional spaces of the house and the use of necessary furniture and equipments.

O objeto da pesquisa parte da premissa de se fazer um levantamento e reconhecimento de diferentes modelos e técnicas, elaborados por vários autores, a serem aplicados no dimensionamento dos espaços da habitação, quer seja na elaboração, quer seja na avaliação. Neles, são identificados e analisados os aspectos ergonômicos da apropriação para o homem desses espaços, destinados ao seu uso como moradia. Dentro da premissa apresentada, pretende-se conhecer as implicações das dimensões humanas, considerando o próprio homem como referência, na história da arquitetura habitacional, a partir dos aspectos funcionais, simbólicos, culturais e étnicos; e os requisitos de projeto que influem na ocupação e dimensionamento dos espaços da habitação, utilizando-se das técnicas de pesquisa antropométrica. Para tanto, são identificados e analisados os aspectos ergonômicos da apropriação desses espaços pelo homem, destinados ao seu uso como moradia. A pesquisa inicia em associar as dimensões humanas e os espaços edificados destinados à habitação, através de uma visão histórica dos estudos que influíram na arquitetura residencial, enquanto preocupação dimensional, baseada na figura humana. Apresenta conceitos e requisitos para uma habitação e investiga os modelos e técnicas desenvolvidas para o dimensionamento dos espaços habitacionais onde são considerados aspectos ergonômicos, de modo a se fazer uma aplicação metodológica desses modelos e técnicas para análise e dimensionamento de um projeto habitacional. Esta aplicação é feita por meio da elaboração uma caracterização ergonômica que consiste em analisar o usuário, as funções de uso e as atividades, os ambientes e espaços funcionais da habitação e o uso de mobiliário e equipamentos necessários. / The object of the research leaves from the premise of doing recognition of different models and techniques, elaborated by several authors, to be applied in the dimensioning of the spaces of the house, for its elaboration, or for its evaluation. In them, the ergonomic aspects of the appropriation for the man of those spaces, destined to his use as home are identified and analyzed. Inside of the presented premise, it intends to know the implications of the human dimensions, considering the man himself as reference, in the history of the habitation\'s architecture, starting from the functional, symbolic, cultural and ethnic aspects; and the project requirements that influence on the occupation and dimensioning of the spaces of the house, using the techniques of anthropometric research. For that matter, the ergonomic aspects of the appropriation of those spaces by the man are identified and analyzed, for his use as home. The research begins in associating the human dimensions and the built spaces destined to the house, through a historical view of the studies that were influenced on the residential architecture, while dimensional concern, based on the human figure. It presents concepts and requirements for a house and it investigates the models and techniques developed for the dimensioning of the housing spaces where ergonomic aspects are considered, doing a methodological application of those models and techniques for analysis and dimensioning of a housing project. This application is made through the elaboration of an ergonomic characterization that consists of analyzing the user, the use functions and the activities, the functional spaces of the house and the use of necessary furniture and equipments.

Until very recently the study of Scottish domestic architecture in the late seventeenth century has been treated only in a national context or as an adjunct to the development of domestic architecture in Britain. It has not been subjected to the scrutiny of European architectural historians. For many years Scottish historians have greeted the first classical country houses as evidence of a renaissance culture, while English historians have treated them as a diversion from the mainstream development of British architecture. In reality, the number of classical country houses that were built in Scotland in the aftermath of the Restoration was very limited. This was in complete contrast to the experience in England, where the Restoration encouraged a very significant number of compact classical houses, whose design was inspired by the architectural treatises of Palladio and Scamozzi. In attempting to place Scottish domestic architecture in a broader European context, historians have turned their attention to the pattern books of the sixteenth century French illustrator, Jacques Androuct du Cerceau, whose imaginary 'maisons des champs' bear a strong resemblance to many Scottish country houses of the seventeenth century. Unlike Palladio and Scamozzi, whose treatises drew inspiration from the architecture of the ancient Romans and Greeks, du Cerceau designed houses that were specifically suited to the characteristics of the French nobility. Their external appearance was governed by the silhouette of the roofline and not by the classical orders; their internal arrangement was dictated by the location of the escalier d'honneur rather than the central loggia. In an era governed by strict standards of decorum, it is very significant that the Scottish and French nobilities opted for the same distinctive silhouette, while the English preferred the uniform outline of the classical villa. This distinction suggests that their status was measured in different ways. The Scottish nobility shared similar aspirations to the French, but these were different to the ambitions of the English. By using the Italian interpretation of classicism as a yardstick for the development of Scottish country house architecture, historians have failed to compare like with like. A close analysis of the aspirations and the building works of the members of the Earl of Lauderdale's Treasury Commission between 1667 and 1682, confirms the important role that family lineage played as a measure of status in Scotland. There was a fundamental difference between the houses of the Treasury Commissioners, who were drawn from the ranks of the ancient nobility, and those of the Treasury Executives, whose fortunes had been recently acquired. The Commissioners, who were saddled with their families' lineage, reformed their existing houses, retaining significant elements of the original building; while the Executives, with no lineage to display, built new houses on their recently acquired estates. There was a division within the ranks of the Scottish nobility, as there was in France, between thenoblesse d'epee, whose status was measured by lineage, and the noblesse de robe, whose status was displayed by wealth In Scotland, where the economy was so weak, it was difficult to acquire sufficient wealth to join the ranks of the noblesse de robe. The administration of the king's revenues was jealously guarded by a tight nexus of Treasury Commissioners whose family history prevented them from building in the classical manner. It was only Sir William Bruce, the principal collector of customs, and Sir Thomas Moncreiffe, the chief clerk of the treasury, who amassed sufficient resources to build in an unfettered way. Like Nicolas Fouquet, the surintendant desfinances to Louis XIV, whose splendid chateau of Vaux le Vicomte inspired the envy of the king, William Bruce's ambitious new house of Kinross also led to his derogation. To display excessive wealth in Scotland or France, where family lineage was the principal measure of status, was considered wholly inappropriate. Although lineage proved the strongest deterrent to the advent of the classical country house, there were other factors that encouraged the Scottish nobility to follow the example of the French, rather than the English. Until James VI departed for London in 1603, the informal lifestyle of the Scottish nobility wasvery much closer to that of the French court than it was to the Tudor court in England. This affinity between the Scottish and French courts was reflected in the similarity of their domestic architecture: the Scottish country house not only resembled the chateau in its external appearance, but their internal arrangements and their basic structure were very alike. The traditional circulation and the physical division of Scottish and French country houses had evolved in a wholly different way to those of the English country house. Such longstanding customs were engrained in the national lifestyle and were very difficult to incorporate within the symmetrical plan of the compact villa. There is also evidence that cultural links between Scotland and France were maintained for a longer period than might be expected. Many members of the Scottish nobility continued to complete their education in France. This was not a phenomenon of the late seventeenth century, as it was in England, but a tradition that had existed in Scotland since the sixteenth century. According to English visitors, this system of education created a culture and a lifestyle that was different to their own. They wrote about the stateliness' and 'grandeur' of the Scottish nobility, and reported, as late as the early eighteenth century, that the 'young gentlemen' possessed 'french airs'. It seems that, however strong the inspiration of the English court, it may have been less influential than the traditional links between Scotland and France. To conclude, as many historians have, that the first classical country houses in Scotland provided evidence of a renaissance culture is misconceived. Their true significance lies in their limited number. There were very few people in Scotland, after the Restoration, who possessed the requisite aspirations to adopt the uniformity of classical architecture. Most members of the Scottish nobility shared the same characteristics as their French counterparts. They preferred to display the symbols of history and lineage, rather than wealth, and opted for the pattern books of du Cerceau, rather than Palladio and Scamozzi. To English visitors, the sight of towers and gunloops reflected a retrospective society: to the Scots and the French, they represented an indivisible link between family, place and status. Until Scottish domestic architecture of the seventeenth century is closely studied by French architectural historians, its significance will continue to be misconstrued.

This education resource guide is designed to augment the content included in Part VI of the NCBLA’s anthology Our White House: Looking In, Looking Out. Included on these pages are engaging activities, discussion questions, and recommendations for print and online resources regarding most of the content in Part VI of Our White House.

Attention worldwide has been placed towards reducing the global carbon footprint. To this end the scientific community has been involved in improving many of the available methods of carbon capture and storage (CCS). CCS involves scrubbing flue gases of greenhouse gases and safely storing them deep underground. MOFs, a family of functionally tunable three dimensional nanoporous frameworks, have been shown to adsorb gases with great selectivity and capacity. Investigating these frameworks using computational simulations, although faster than in-lab synthetic methods, involves a tedious and meticulous input preparation process which is subject to human error. This thesis presents Dave's Occupancy Automation Package (DOAP),a software which provides a means to automatically determine the gas uptake of many three dimensional frameworks. By providing atomic coordinates for a unit simulation cell, the software acts to performs the necessary calculations to construct and execute a Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulation, determining the gas uptake in a metal organic framework. Additionally an analysis of different convergence assessment tests for describing the end point of the GCMC simulation is presented.