Dissertação(mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós–Graduação em Oceanografia Biológica, Instituto de Oceanografia, 2006. / Submitted by Cristiane Gomides (cristiane_gomides@hotmail.com) on 2013-10-10T12:04:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Alex.pdf: 602722 bytes, checksum: 7b3e6c5ff615345ba517221f89c71365 (MD5) / Rejected by Cristiane Gomides (cristiane_gomides@hotmail.com), reason: on 2013-10-11T11:41:54Z (GMT) / Submitted by Cristiane Gomides (cristiane_gomides@hotmail.com) on 2013-10-11T11:43:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Alex.pdf: 602722 bytes, checksum: 7b3e6c5ff615345ba517221f89c71365 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sabrina Andrade (sabrinabeatriz@ibest.com.br) on 2013-10-17T17:25:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Alex.pdf: 602722 bytes, checksum: 7b3e6c5ff615345ba517221f89c71365 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-10-17T17:25:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alex.pdf: 602722 bytes, checksum: 7b3e6c5ff615345ba517221f89c71365 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / O peixe-rei Odontesthes argentinensis (Valenciennes, 1835) distribui-se na região costeira do Atlântico Sul desde o sul do Brasil até a Argentina (população marinha costeira – PMAR) penetrando nos estuários ao qual está adaptado, sendo considerada uma espécie estuarina residente (população estuarina – PEST). Este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar e comparar a biologia reprodutiva das duas populações. As distribuições dos comprimentos totais destas populações foram comparadas por meio de histograma. Os exemplares da PMAR mediram entre 16 e 36 cm CT com moda entre 23 e 25 cm de comprimento total – CT, já os exemplares da PEST a moda foi entre 18 e 20 cm CT, com mínimo de 16 cm e máximo de 34 cm CT. Foram caracterizados os ovócitos e as fases de desenvolvimento das gônadas, agrupadas em: imaturas, em maturação, maduras e desovadas. A proporção sexual indicou predomínio de fêmeas nas duas populações, sendo 3,25 fêmeas para cada macho na PMAR e 3,4 na PEST para todo o período. O tamanho de primeira maturação (L50) para PMAR foi estimado em 13,8 cm CT para os machos e 16,1 cm CT para as fêmeas e o comprimento em que todos estão aptos para desovar (L100), foi estimado em 16,3 e 19,3 cm CT para machos e fêmeas, respectivamente. Para PEST o L50 foi estimado em 13,5 cm CT paramachos e 14,4 cm CT para fêmeas. O L100 foi estimado em 17 cm e 18 cm CT para machos e fêmeas, respectivamente. A relação gonadossomática indicou período reprodutivo entre final de agosto e início dezembro em PMAR, período em que a temperatura se manteve abaixo dos 20ºC. Para PEST não houve um período definido de desova ocorrendo o ano todo com maiores picos registrados nos meses de junho, novembro e dezembro. Os fatores de condição total (KT) e somático (KS) apresentaram grandes variações ao longo do ciclo. Na PMAR houve uma queda nos valores de K coincidindo com o início da desova estabelecendo uma relação com este período, esta queda de K representou em parte a energia do corpo que foi direcionada para o desenvolvimento das gônadas. Na PEST a variação de K não estabeleceu relação evidente com o ciclo reprodutivo, sendo que as variações de K podem ter sido causadas pela instabilidade hídrica do estuário ou pelo estado alimentar. Na análise do diâmetro dos ovócitos há evidências de três lotes para as duas populações caracterizando desova parcelada. A fecundidade total (FT) e por lote (FL) são proporcionais ao comprimento total na PMAR. A média de ovócitos foi de 10.014 para FT e 3.651 para FL, na PMAR, enquanto que na PEST a média de ovócitos foi de 13.870 para FT e de 4.250 para FL. / The silverside Odontesthes argentinensis (Valenciennes, 1835) is distributed in the coastal region of the South Atlantic since the south of Brazil until Argentina (coastal sea population - PMAR) penetrating in the estuaries to which are adapted, being considered a resident estuarine species (estuarine population - PEST). This work had as objective to determine and to compare the reproductive biology of the two populations of O. argentinensis. The distributions of the total lengths of these populations had been compared by means of histogram. The specimens from the PMAR had measured between 16 and 36 cm CT with mode between 23-25 cm of total length – TL, already the specimens from the PEST the mode was between 18-20 cm TL, with minimum of 16 cm and maximum of 34 cm CT. The oocytes and the phases of development of the gonads had been characterized and grouped by: immature, in maturation, mature and spawned. The sexual ratio indicated predominance of females in the two populations, being 3,25 females for each male in PMAR and 3,4 in the PEST, during all the period. The size of first maturation (L50) for PMAR was estimated in 13,8cm TL for the males and 16,1 cm TL for the females and the length where all are apt to spawn (L100) was estimated in 16,3 and 19,3cm TL for males and females, respectively. For PEST the L50 was estimated in 13,5cm TL for males and 14,4cm TL for females. The L100 was estimated in 17,0cm and 18,0cm TL for males and females, respectively. The gonadossomatic relation indicated reproductive period between ends of August and beginning of December in PMAR, period where the temperature is below 20ºC. For PEST there wasn’t a well-defined period of spawning, occurring during the year with peaks registered in the June, November and December. The factors of total condition (KT) and somatic (KS) had presented great variations during the cycle. In the PMAR a fall in the values of K coincided with the beginning of the spawning, establishing a relation this fall of K represented the energy that was directed for the development of the gonads. In the PEST the variation of K did not allowed establishing any evident relationship with the reproductive cycle, the variation can have been caused by the instability of the estuary or by alimentary reasons. In the analysis of the diameter of the oocytes evidence was found allowing state that the spawning don’t occur at once. The total fecundity (TF) and the lot fecundity (LF) are proportional to the total length in the PMAR. The average of oocytes was of 10.014 for TF and 3.651 for LF, in the PMAR, while that in the PEST the average of oocytes was of 13.870 for TF and 4.250 for LF.

Submitted by Anaclaudia Mattos Villalba (anaclaudiamattosvillalba@gmail.com) on 2016-04-09T23:17:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 youblisher.com-1121435-Disserta_o_Juliana_do_Prado_Alves.pdf: 930829 bytes, checksum: 7e45b5c57610f7484528d8a3a062676f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by cleuza maria medina dos santos (cleuzamai@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-05-09T13:32:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 youblisher.com-1121435-Disserta_o_Juliana_do_Prado_Alves.pdf: 930829 bytes, checksum: 7e45b5c57610f7484528d8a3a062676f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-09T13:32:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 youblisher.com-1121435-Disserta_o_Juliana_do_Prado_Alves.pdf: 930829 bytes, checksum: 7e45b5c57610f7484528d8a3a062676f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Os ecossistemas aquáticos continentais são um exemplo de ecossistema de água doce, compreendendo rios, reservatórios, lagoas e áreas alagáveis. A planície costeira do Rio Grande do Sul possui três grandes corpos d´água continentais, dentre eles a Lagoa Mangueira é a terceira maior. Na Lagoa Mangueira encontra-se varias espécies de peixes, o Odontesthes bonariensis (peixe-rei) está entre as espécies mais abundantes da Lagoa. Essa espécie é nativa tendo importância no fluxo de nutrientes e nas estruturas tróficas do ambiente, além da grande importância econômica na região. Uma das possibilidades de manter a variabilidade genética, possibilitando proteger ou até mesmo recuperar espécies de peixe-rei, é a técnica de criopreservação seminal que consiste em resfriar e/ou congelar espermatozoides, utilizando diluentes e crioprotetores específicos. O presente estudo testou três tipos de amidas, dimetilacetamida (DMA), dimetilformamida (DMF) e metilformamida (MF) nas concentrações de 2, 5, 8 e 11%, tendo como controle o dimetilsulfoxido na concentração de 10% (DMSO). Cada tratamento foi diluído em Mounib modificado. Foi avaliada a motilidade (taxa e tempo) e as estruturas celulares (integridade de membrana plasmática, funcionalidade de mitocôndria, índice de fragmentação de DNA e fluidez de membrana plasmática). O DMSO 10% e a MF 8% obtiveram melhores resultados em relação à integridade de membrana plasmática (34, 8% e 29%), funcionalidade de mitocôndria (19,8% e 16,2%) e fluidez de membrana plasmática (39,4% e 46,4%), além disso, a taxa de motilidade (11,8% e 10%) e o tempo de motilidade (81,4 seg. e 71,8 seg.) mantiveram-se entre as melhores médias. Dessa forma, considerando os parâmetros avaliados, o DMSO10% e a MF8% foram associados à melhor criopreservação das células espermáticas de O. bonariensis. / The freshwater ecosystems are an example of freshwater ecosystem, comprising rivers, reservoirs, ponds and wetlands. The coastal plain of Rio Grande do Sul has three major continental water bodies, including the Mangueira Lagoon is the third largest. In Mangueira Lagoon is several species of fish, the Odontesthes bonariensis (pejerrey) is among the most abundant species of Lagoa. This species is native having importance in the flow of nutrients and trophic structures in the environment, in addition to the great economic importance in the region. One possibility to maintain genetic variability, enabling protect or even recover species of kingfish, is the seminal cryopreservation technique of cooling and / or freeze sperm, using specific diluents and cryoprotectants. The present study tested three kinds of amides, dimethylacetamide (DMA), dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethylformamide (MF) at concentrations of 2, 5, 8 and 11%, with the control dimethylsulfoxide at a concentration of 10% (DMSO). Each treatment was diluted in modified Mounib. Motility was assessed (rate and time), and cell structures (plasma membrane integrity, mitochondrial function, DNA fragmentation index and fluidity of the plasma membrane). The 10% DMSO and MF 8% did better on the completeness of the plasma membrane (34.8% and 29%), functional mitochondria (19.8% and 16.2%) and plasma membrane fluidity (39.4% and 46.4%), furthermore, the motility rates (11.8% and 10%) and the motility of time (81.4 s. and 71.8 s.) remained among the best averages. Thus, considering the parameters evaluated, the DMSO10% and MF8% were associated with better cryopreservation of sperm cells of O. bonariensis.

A lagoa do Taquaral localiza-se no interior do Parque Portugal, no bairro do Taquaral-Campinas (SP). Foi construída em 1968, por meio do represamento do Córrego Guanabara, principalmente para fins recreativos. Apesar de ter recebido a influência direta de descargas de esgotos durante muitos anos e ainda hoje existirem despejos clandestinos, tem sido pouco estudada. Com a finalidade de conhecer a limnologia e o processo de eutrofização desenvolvido na mesma, foi realizado um estudo incluindo: morfometria da lagoa, determinação da taxa de sedimentação com o uso de armadilhas de sedimentação, determinação da taxa de liberação de fósforo do sedimento, caracterização física, química e biológica da coluna da água e caracterização do sedimento. As amostragens foram realizadas em 2000, considerando, (1) o final do período chuvoso (março), (2) o início do período de estiagem (maio) e (3) o final do período de estiagem (agosto). Com base na morfometria da lagoa, foram escolhidos dois pontos de coleta, sendo um localizado na saída da água, (próximo ao vertedouro, com uma profundidade de 5,70 metros) e outro na região central da lagoa (com uma profundidade de 3,50 metros). Experimentos \"in situ\" com armadilhas foram realizados para: 1) determinar as taxas de sedimentação de sólidos totais, matéria orgânica, inorgânica, clorofila a e fósforo, 2) determinar a liberação de fósforo do sedimento para a coluna da água. As armadilhas que mediram a liberação de fósforo e a sedimentação,permaneceram por um período de incubação de 48 horas. Paralelamente à incubação das armadilhas, foram efetuadas as medidas de temperatura, pH, condutividade, oxigênio dissolvido, penetração de luz, material em suspensão, clorofila \'a\' e feofitina, nutrientes totais e dissolvidos bem como análises das comunidades zooplanctônica e fitoplanctônica. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram valores mais elevados de deposição de material em suspensão no ) período chuvoso (taxa de sedimentação de 24.400 mg/m2.dia e 22.575 mg/m2.dia, nas estações 1 e 2, respectivamente). A maior contribuição do material em suspensão correspondeu à fração orgânica (entre 50 e 60%). A deposição de fósforo total e clorofila apresentaram um comportamento semelhante ao do material em suspensão, com valores máximos no período chuvoso. Para as outras variáveis consideradas, também verificaram-se diferenças temporais. Os dados obtidos para as taxas de sedimentação de material em suspensão e nutrientes, em comparação a outros sistemas, são considerados elevados, demonstrando o acelerado processo de eutrofização. Os resultados do ensaio de liberação de fósforo do sedimento para a coluna da água demonstraram uma liberação de 5 mg P/m2.dia. Entre a comunidade zooplanctônica, os rotíferos e os copépodos foram mais abundantes que os cladóceros. No fitoplâncton, o grupo mais abundante foi o das cianofíceas, seguido pelas clorofíceas. Os fatores externos (precipitação e vento) foram determinantes dos processos físicos, químicos e biológicos na lagoa. / Taquaral lagoon is situated in Portugal Park in Taquaral district in the Campinas city (SP). It was made on 1968 by damming the Guanabara Brook, for entertaining purposes. In spite of the results due to the sewer discharge during many years, which still exist nowadays (illegal discharges), that lagoon has been few studied. In order to know better the limnology and the eutrophication process in development in the lagoon an study was done including: morphology of the lagoon, determination of the sedimentation rates by using sedimentation traps, determination of phosphorus liberation rates from the sediment, physical, chemical and biological characterization of water column and the sediment characterization too. The samples were colleted during three period of the 2000: 1) at the end of rainy weather (March); 2) at the begin of the dry weather (may); 3) at the end of the dry weather (August). Based on the lagoon morphology, two places of collection were selected: one at the near center of the lagoon 3,50 meter deep and the other near the outlet of the water 5,70 meter deep. Experiments in situ, with traps were done in order to: 1) measure sedimentation rates of total solids, organic and inorganic material, chlorophyll a and phosphorous; 2) measure the phosphorus release from the sediment for the water column. The traps used for measuring the phosphorus release and the sedimentation remained for a long time in incubation (48 hours). At the same time of traps incubationthey were done the measurements of temperature, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, light penetration, suspended material, chlorophyll a and feopigments, total and dissolved nutrients as well as analysisof zooplanktonic and phytoplanktonic communities. The resulting data showed higher values of suspended material deposition during the rainy weather (sedimentation rate about 24.400 mg/m2.d and 22.575 mg/m2.d, in the places 1 and 2, respectively). The higher contribution of suspended material is corresponding to the organic fraction (between 50 and 60%). The total phosphorus deposition and the chlorophyll, presented a conduct like the suspended material, with maximum values in the rainy weather. In respect to the other analyzed parameters, it was found a temporal difference. The resulting data for sedimentation rate of suspended material and nutrients, in comparison with other systems are considered high, which shows the high eutrophycation process. The results of the test of phosphorus release from the sediment to the water column demonstrated a release about 5 mg P/m2.d. In the zooplanktonic community, the rotifers and copepods were more abundant than the cladocerans. In the phytoplankton the group more abundant was that of cianoficeas, followed by cloroficeas. Outside influences, like wind and rain were determinatives for the physical, chemical and biological processes in the lagoon.

FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / Pesquisas limnolÃgicas em regiÃes trÃpicais sÃo bastante escassas, principalmente se forem consideradas as de longa duraÃÃo. Este trabalho, desenvolvido no Lagamar do CauÃpe (planÃcie costeira do municÃpio de Caucaia â CearÃ), durante o perÃodo de junho de 2001 a fevereiro de 2002, objetivou efetuar um diagnÃstico sobre as caracterÃsticas fÃsicas, quÃmicas e ambientais da lagoa situada no Lagamar do CauÃpe e obter informaÃÃes bÃsicas que possibilitem subsidiar programas de gerenciamento e aproveitamento adequado desse recurso hÃdrico. Realizou-se a batimetria a fim de conhecer sua morfometria e o grau de assoreamento futuro. Foram realizadas amostragens de Ãgua e sedimento na lagoa, e observado o uso e ocupaÃÃo de suas margens. Os parÃmetros analisados na Ãgua foram: temperatura, transparÃncia, material em suspensÃo, pH, salinidade, condutividade elÃtrica, oxigÃnio dissolvido, nitrito, nitrato, fÃsforo total, ortofosfato, cÃtions e Ãnions principais, alcalinidade total, dureza total e clorofila âaâ. Durante o perÃodo de estudo, foi observada uma pequena variaÃÃo na concentraÃÃo dos parÃmetros analisados. As menores concentraÃÃes foram obtidas durante o final do perÃodo chuvoso (jun/01), passando a ter uma sensÃvel elevaÃÃo no perÃodo de estiagem (jul a dez/01) e uma pequena reduÃÃo no inÃcio do perÃodo chuvoso (fev/02). NÃo foi observada variaÃÃo significativa entre as estaÃÃes de amostragem, podendo afirmar-se que a Ãgua da lagoa tende a ser homogÃnea. Quanto à salinidade, a Ãgua foi classificada como doce. A temperatura mÃdia foi 28,6ÂC, com uma pequena amplitude anual de 3,7ÂC, prÃpria de ecossistemas aquÃticos tropicais. Seu pH à levemente Ãcido devido aos solos da regiÃo e, provavelmente, à presenÃa de compostos hÃmicos. A condutividade elÃtrica mÃdia foi 285,6 μS/cm. Os cÃtions maiores apresentaram uma seqÃÃncia tÃpica de ambiente influenciado pelo mar, tendo sido a Ãgua classificada como cloretada sÃdica. Toda a coluna apresentou-se oxigenada, apesar da alta concentraÃÃo de material em suspensÃo devido, principalmente, a ressuspensÃo do sedimento do fundo da lagoa. A presenÃa do material em suspensÃo diminuiu a transparÃncia da Ãgua da lagoa influenciando a concentraÃÃo de clorofila âaâ que apresentou baixas concentraÃÃes. Os valores de alcalinidade total foram baixos, indicando a pequena capacidade das Ãguas da lagoa em neutralizar Ãcidos. Quanto à dureza, as Ãguas variaram de brandas a pouco duras. As concentraÃÃes de fÃsforo total foram altas, podendo a lagoa ser classificada como eutrÃfica. As concentraÃÃes de nitrito e nitrato foram baixas, ficando abaixo do estabelecido pela legislaÃÃo. NÃo foram observadas variaÃÃes significativas entre as amostras superficiais e de fundo. A homogeneidade da coluna dâÃgua foi atribuÃda a pequena profundidade da lagoa, intensidade dos ventos, que sÃo constantes na zona costeira, e a morfologia da lagoa com forma alongada e posiÃÃo favorÃvel à aÃÃo dos ventos da regiÃo. Nas amostras de sedimento foram realizadas as anÃlises de granulometria, matÃria orgÃnica e mercÃrio. A concentraÃÃo de mercÃrio encontrada foi pequena. Os sedimentos sÃo do tipo mineral, tendo sido classificados em 3 fÃces texturais: areia mÃdia, areia fina e lama. / Limnological research is very scarce in tropical areas, particularly if we consider that of long duration. This research was carried out at the âLagamar do CauÃpeâ (a coast plain in Caucaia town, CearÃ, Brazil, during the period from June, 2001 to February, 2002, aiming at making a diagnosis about the physical, chemical and environmental characteristics of the lagoon located situated in Lagamar of CauÃpe, with the objective of obtaining basic information which enables the implementation of programs of management and proper use of that water resource. We conducted the bathymetry in order to know its morphometry and level of sediment deposition in the future. We conducted sampling of water and sediment in the lagoon and observed the use and occupation of its margins. The parameters analyzed in the water were: temperature, transparency, suspended solids, pH, salinity, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, nitrite, nitrate, total phosphorus, orthophosphate, main cations and anions, total alkalinity, total hardness and chlorophyll a. During the investigation period we observed a small variation in the concentration of the parameters analyzed. The smallest concentrations were obtained at the end of the rain season (June, 2001), and they increased significantly during the dry season (July to December, 2001) and decreased slightly at the beginning of the rain season (February, 2002). We did not observe any significant variation among the sampling stations, so that we can say that the lagoon water tends to be homogeneous. Concerning salinity, the water was considered as fresh water. The average temperature was 28,6ÂC, with a small annual variation of 3,7ÂC, which is typical of the tropical aquatic ecosystems. Its pH is slightly acid due to the regionâ soils and probably due to the presence of humic compounds. The average electrical conductivity was 285,6 μS/cm. The larger cations presented a sequence typical of an environment influenced by the sea, with the water being considered as chlorinated-sodic. The whole column turned out oxygenated, in spite of the high concentration of suspended solids, because of, mainly, the resuspension of the sediment of the lagoonâ bottom. The presence of suspended solids reduced the transparency of the lagoon water, influencing the concentration of the chlorophyll-a, which presented low concentrations. The values of total alkalinity were low, indicating the small capacity of the lagoon waters to neutralize acids. With relationship to hardness, the waters varied from soft to somewhat hard. The concentrations of total phosphorus were high, with the lagoon being considered as eutrophic. The concentrations of nitrite and nitrate were low, being below the one established by the legislation. We did not observe any significant variations between the surface and bottom samples. The homogeneity of the water column was explained by the small depth of the lagoon, the intensity of the winds, which are steady in the coast area, and the lagoonâ morphology with a lengthened shape and position favorable to the action of the winds of the area. In the sedimentâ samples, we conducts trials of texture, organic matter and mercury. The sediments are of the mineral type, having been distinguished in 3 texture facies: medium sand, fine sand and mud. The mercuryâ concentration found was low.

Orientadores: Adriano Luiz Tonetti, Bruno Coraucci Filho / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo. / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T18:04:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PaixaoFilho_JorgeLuizda_M.pdf: 2379245 bytes, checksum: 00497843fd17605c51498a78155246f6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: A geração de lodo de esgoto (LE) é uma característica intrínseca do tratamento das águas residuárias por processos biológicos. Aliado a isso, o aumento do número de estações de tratamento de esgoto tem demandado soluções para a disposição econômica e ambientalmente segura para o lodo gerado. Um sistema amplamente utilizado no Brasil para o tratamento de esgoto desde a década de 80 são as lagoas de estabilização, no entanto ao longo desses anos o lodo gerado nesse sistema não tem recebido atenção, devido a baixa produção per capita e seu longo tempo de residência na lagoa. Uma opção com grande destaque no cenário nacional para sua disposição é a aplicação do lodo na agricultura como fonte de nutrientes em culturas com elevada necessidade de fertilizantes, tal como a roseira. Portanto, o objetivo desse trabalho foi estudar a aplicação do lodo da lagoa facultativa primária da cidade de Coronel Macedo (Estado de São Paulo) na cultura de roseiras variedade 'Carola', avaliando os efeitos sobre o desenvolvimento da planta. O experimento foi instalado em uma área experimental do Departamento de Saneamento e Ambiente da Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo (UNICAMP), no município de Campinas-SP. As roseiras foram plantadas em baldes de 20 L, sendo o lodo incorporado na camada superficial do solo. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: a massa seca das raízes (MSR), a massa seca da parte aérea (MSPA), volume das raízes, área das folhas (AF) e concentração de nitrogênio no tecido foliar (NTF). Também foi estudada a quantidade de nitrato lixiviado e a fração de mineralização (FM) do lodo. A quantidade de lodo aplicada foi baseada na necessidade de nitrogênio da cultura, de acordo com o cálculo proposto pela resolução CONAMA 375/06. Os tratamentos foram: T1 - tratamento testemunha absoluta, T2 - 12 Mg ha-1 de lodo em base seca (BS), T3 - 24 Mg ha-1 de lodo BS (dose calculada), T4 - 36 Mg ha-1 lodo BS e T5 - adubação mineral (100 kg N ha-1). O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualisados, com seis repetições. Foi verificado que o aumento da dose de lodo aplicado na roseira aumentou a MSR, MSPA, AF e o NTF. O maior crescimento da roseira (MSR+MSPA) aconteceu nos tratamentos T4 e T5, com 93 e 104 g planta-1, respectivamente. Houve um incremento na MSR na aplicação de LE na dose recomendada pela norma, de 14,00 e 34,00 g planta-1 para T1 e T3 respectivamente. Na primeira análise a maior AF e NTF foi no T4 com 14,66 cm2 e 21,43 g kg-1. A lixiviação de nitrato foi de aproximadamente 5% do nitrogênio total aplicado para os tratamentos com lodo (T2, T3 e T4) e de 10% na adubação mineral (T5). A FM do lodo da lagoa facultativa, determinada em incubação aeróbia, foi de 40%, valor acima do sugerido para lodo digerido anaerobiamente pela norma brasileira (FM = 20 %). Deste modo, a aplicação de lodo de esgoto na cultura da roseira proporcionou aumento nos valores dos parâmetros observados e para o cálculo da aplicação do lodo da lagoa em estudo o FM deve ser de 40% / Abstract: The sewage sludge (SS) generation is an intrinsic characteristic of the treatment of wastewater by biological processes. Allied to this, the increasing number of wastewater treatment plants has demanded solutions for the economical and environmentally safe disposal for the SS. A widely system used in Brazil for the wastewater treatment since years 80's is the stabilization ponds, however over the years the sludge generated in this system has not received attention owing the low production per capita and to long residence time in the pond. An option with great emphasis on the national stage for their disposal is the application in agriculture as a source of nutrients in crops with high demand for fertilizers, such as the rose bush. Therefore, the aim of this work was to study the application of sludge from the facultative lagoon from city Coronel Macedo (São Paulo State, Brazil) in cultured rose variety 'Carola', assessing the effects on plant development. The experiment was installed in an experimental area of Department of Sanitation and Environment, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urbanism (UNICAMP) in Campinas-SP. The roses were planted in 20L buckets, the sludge being applied subsurface. The parameters evaluated were: root dry matter (RDM), the shoot dry mass (SDM), root volume, leaf area (LA) and nitrogen concentration in leaf tissue (NLT). Also studied was the amount of nitrate leaching and the mineralization fraction (MF) of the sludge. The amount of sludge was applied based on the need for nitrogen of the culture, according to the method proposed by CONAMA 375/06. The treatments were: T1 - absolute control treatment, T2 - 12 Mg ha-1 sludge on a dry basis (DB), T3 - 24 Mg ha-1 sludge DB (calculated dose), T4 - 36 Mg ha-1 sludge DB and T5 - mineral fertilizer (100 kg N ha-1). The experimental design was randomized blocks with six replications. It was found that increasing the dose of sludge applied to the rose bush increased the RDM, SDM, LA and NLT. The largest growth of the rose (RDM + SDM) occurred in treatments T4 and T5, with 93 and 104 g plant-1, respectively. There was an increase in the RDM in the application of SS in the dose recommended by the standard of 14.00 and 34.00 g plant-1 for T1 and T3, respectively. In the first analysis the largest LA and NLT was 14.66 cm2 and 21.43 g kg-1 in T4. Nitrate leaching was about 5% of total nitrogen applied to the sludge treatments (T2, T3 and T4) and 10% in mineral fertilizer (T5). MF the sewage sludge of facultative lagoon, determined by aerobic incubation, was 40% above the value suggested for anaerobically digested sludge by Brazilian standard (MF = 20%). Thus, the application of sewage sludge in the culture of rose provided to increase the observed parameters and for calculating the application of sewage sludge of facultative lagoons in agriculture MF should be 40% / Mestrado / Saneamento e Ambiente / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

J'étudie la gestion des zones humides et des étangs du Bas-Languedoc durant la période médiévale, en mettant en avant les relations entre la ville de Montpellier et son arrière-pays lagunaire. Mes recherches présentent les différentes juridictions qui possédaient des droits sur la lagune, et la manière dont elles organisaient les exploitations en accord avec les acteurs locaux. J'étudie ainsi l'exploitation des étangs, que ce soit pour la pêche, l'exploitation du sel ou pour la navigation. / My studies are on the management of the Bas Languedoc’s lagoon during the Middle Ages and particularly the interaction between the town of Montpellier and its hinterland. My research shows the many jurisdictions of the waters and shores and how the overlords share the rights related to the management of this area. I also study the conditions of the operation of the ponds (fishing, hunting, salt farming and navigation).

Les estrans du bassin d’Arcachon sont en grande partie colonisés par des herbiers de Zostera noltii. La surface de ces herbiers connaît actuellement une régression importante. Il est donc essentiel de comprendre le rôle des herbiers de Zostera noltii sur les processus hydrodynamiques et sédimentaires afin d’anticiper les conséquences de la régression sur les bilans morpho-sédimentaires du bassin d’Arcachon.Des expérimentations en canal sur herbiers naturels ont mis en évidence une importante atténuation de la vitesse près du fond, associée à une augmentation de la turbulence, diminuant au cours du développement des herbiers. Il en résulte dans le même temps, une augmentation de l’effet de protection contre l’érosion et des flux de dépôt.Des tests d’érodabilité ont montré une variation saisonnière de la résistance des sédiments face à l’érosion, associée à la modification des sédiments superficiels. La stabilisation induite par la présence de la rhizosphère et sa saisonnalité a également été mise en évidence. Un paramétrage satisfaisant de la loi d’érosion a été obtenu.Un suivi in-situ du niveau sédimentaire, des paramètres sédimentaires et biométriques a mis en évidence des tendances nettes au dépôt en présence d’herbier, et à l’érosion en l’absence d’herbier. En présence d’herbiers, l’évolution des caractéristiques des sédiments superficiels est corrélée au cycle de croissance des herbiers. Les sédiments deviennent plus fins durant la période de croissance alors qu’un enrichissement en sable intervient durant la période de dégénérescence automnale.Le modèle hydrodynamique MARS-3D a été exploité pour simuler finement les profils de vitesse en présence des herbiers, en prenant en compte la flexibilité de leurs feuilles. / The intertidal flats in the Arcachon lagoon are extensively colonized by seagrass meadows of Zostera noltii. The last ten years these meadows experienced a drastic regression of their surface area. Understanding the impact of seagrass on hydrodynamics and sediment dynamics is required to anticipate the consequences of meadows regression on the sediment dynamics of the Arcachon lagoon.Flume experiments with natural seagrass highlighted a strong velocity attenuation associated with a turbulence increase near the bed within seagrass canopies. An increase in sediment protection from erosion and in deposition fluxes related to the seagrass growth was found.Erosion tests showed seasonal variability of sediment resistance against erosion associated with changes in sediment characteristics. The bed stabilization induced by the root system and its seasonality was also observed. A parameterization of the erosion law was found.The in-situ survey of sediment altimetry, sediment and biometric characteristics showed a significant trend to sediment deposition on colonized sites, while erosion occurred on the unvegetated site. On the vegetated sites, surface sediment evolutions are correlated to the seagrass growth. Sediment became finer during the growth while the sand content rose during the end-of-season die-off.The hydrodynamic model MARS-3D was modified to take into account for seagrass and its flexibility on hydrodynamics and produced good simulation of velocity profiles in presence of seagrasses.

La zone côtière est très importante pour l'Indonésie. Elle constitue la base des principales activités domestiques, commerciales et industrielles. Récemment, de nombreux problèmes environnementaux sont apparus dans le développement des zones côtières indonésiennes. C‟est notamment le cas de la lagune à mangrove de Segara Anakan, située dans le bassin versant Citanduy sur l'île de Java. Le niveau élevé de la sédimentation, consécutif à l'érosion rapide des sols en amont du bassin versant, a provoqué une grave dégradation des fonctions économiques et écologiques de cette lagune. Entre 1903 et 2008, la superficie de la lagune Segara Anakan a diminué de 88%, passant de 6400 à 750 hectares. Compte tenu de ses particularités et fonctions importantes, l‟écosystème lagunaire de Segara Anakan a été considéré par le gouvernement indonésien comme un domaine stratégique national où des démarches de préservation ont été initiées. Néanmoins, jusqu‟à aujourd‟hui, la dégradation environnementale de cette lagune se poursuit du fait de problèmes de gestion entretenus par de multiples conflits entre les divers acteurs du développement régional. En considérant l‟écosystème du bassin versant, y compris sa zone lagunaire, comme un système dynamique et complexe, nous avons eu recours à la méthode DPSIR (Driving force-Pressure-State-Impact-Response) pour analyser et relier tous les facteurs impliqués dans la dégradation de cet écosystème, tant sur le plan physique, qu‟économique, social, politique ou institutionnel. La description de ces facteurs et de leurs interrelations est primordiale pour tenter de développer un modèle d‟aménagement intégré de la lagune qui soit accepté par les différents acteurs de sa gestion et de son utilisation. / The coastal zone is very important for Indonesia. It becomes the significant basis for the domestic, commercial and industrial activities. Recently, many environmental problems have arisen in the coastal zone development in this country. One of them is the case of the Segara Anakan mangrove lagoon, located in the Citanduy watershed on the Java Island. The high level of sedimentation, resulting from rapid soil erosion in the upstream of that watershed has caused a severe degradation of the economical and ecological functions of that lagoon. Between 1903 and 2008, the lagoon area decreased by 88% from 6400 to 750 hectares. By taking into account the uniqueness and its important functions, the Indonesian government has determined the Segara Anakan lagoon as a national strategic area where the conservation efforts have been initiated. However, the environmental degradation of that lagoon still occurs until now because of the management problem which is maintained by multiple conflicts between the various actors of regional development. Considering the watershed, including the lagoon area, as a dynamic and complex system, we used the DPSIR method (Driving force-Pressure-State-Impact-Response) to analyze and to link all the factors involved in the degradation of this ecosystem including physical, economic, social, political and institutional aspects. The identification of these factors and the description of their interrelationships are essential to develop an integrated lagoon management model which is accepted by the different actors concerned in the lagoon management and the lagoon utilization.

The nursery effect is a process where juvenile fish utilize coastal habitats to help them survive before moving to their adult habitat. This process establishes an important link between marine ecosystems. This study examines the nursery effect and nursery habitat utilization in the Indian River Lagoon and Florida Bay systems, and the coral reefs adjacent to them. Quantitative and spatial techniques were utilized to identify patterns of presence and abundance and the size structure of select fish species. Spatial analyses were also used to investigate distribution patterns. Findings from this study suggest that several species utilize to a high degree the Indian River Lagoon and Florida Bay as nurseries. Furthermore, the abundance of adults on coral reefs is strongly connected to the presence of nurseries. This study has implications in fisheries management such as locating where juveniles of species develop. With such knowledge, better management plans could be implemented to ensure healthy fish stocks. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2020. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

This study explored spatiotemporal patterns in movement, diet, and baseline phycotoxin concentrations in immature bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas) of the Indian River Lagoon (IRL), an estuary of national significance that has been considerably impacted by multiple toxic harmful algal blooms (HABs). Long-term spatial use of the system was assessed for 29 acoustically tagged sharks over a 4 year period (2017–2020). Tissue samples for diet and toxin analysis were collected from a separate cohort of 50 individuals between 2018 and 2020. UPLC-MS/MS was used to screen tissues for 14 algal toxins. Young bull sharks were found to be mainly piscivorous and displayed high residency to the IRL as well as to specific regions of the IRL, with small activity spaces. Multiple phycotoxins were detected in screened tissues, indicating that young bull sharks in the IRL may be compromised by trophic transfer of HABs while they reside in this important nursery. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2021. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection