Thesis (LL.M.). / Written for the Institute of Comparative Law. Title from title page of PDF (viewed 2008/01/14). Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-81).

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-81). Also available in print.

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Mathematics / Marianne Korten / Charles N. Moore / We start with linear single variable conservation laws and examine the conditions under which a local extrapolation method (LEM) with upwinding underlying scheme is total variation diminishing TVD. The results are then extended to non-linear conservation laws. For this later case, we restrict ourselves to convex flux functions f, whose derivatives are positive, that is, fœ A0 and fœ A0. We next show that the Goodman-LeVeque flux satisfies the conditions for the LEM to be applied to it. We make heavy use of the CFL conditions, the geometric properties of convex functions apart from the martingle type properties of functions which are increasing, continuous, and differentiable.

Text in Afrikaans / Die artikel bepaal welke regsgevolge voortvloei indien 'n saamwoon-verhouding tot 'n einde kom. Daar word eerstens na die posisie in Engeland gekyk met verwysing na vererwing, gesinsgeweld, 'n deliksaksie weens verlies aan onderhoud, verdeling van eiendom en minderjarige kinders. Daarna word die posisie in Swede in oenskou geneem op dieselfde basis. Laastens word die regsposisie in Suid-Afrika bespreek. Die gevolgtrekking is dat saamwoners hier te lande swakker af is as in meeste ander Westerse lande. Die howe hier het nag min leiding gegee oar die klassieke saamwoonverhouding se implikasies. Gevolglik weet saamwoners nie presies wat hulle te wagte kan wees indien so 'n verhouding eindig nie. Enkele voorstelle vir regshervorming word verskaf. / The purpose of the article is to ascertain which legal consequences follow when a "common law" marriage is dissolved. Firstly, the position in England is evaluated with specific reference to inheritance, family violence, a delictual action for loss of support, division of assets and minor children. Thereafter the position in Sweden is evaluated on the same basis. Lastly, the position in South Africa is discussed. It is concluded that participants to a common law marriage in South Africa do not enjoy the same protection as in most other Western countries. The Courts have given little assistance in this regard. Consequently people that live together cannot be certain of the consequences when their relationship is dissolved. Suggestions are provided for legal reform: / Private Law / LL. M.

published_or_final_version / Chinese / Master / Master of Philosophy

The Reclamation Act of 1902, as amended, is the basic legislation governing the distribution of water from federal projects for irrigation purposes. In the three-quarters of a century since the passage of this Act, technological, economic, and legal developments have forced a reappraisal of the original intent of the Reclamation laws. Several proposals have been made to amend these laws and enforce provisions that put the current distribution of the rights to public water and related land resources in jeopardy. This study attempts to evaluate these proposed amendments in terms of the irrigation rights that would be displaced if the amendments were rigidly enforced in three of Oregon's largest federal irrigation districts. The method of analysis proceeds by combining secondary data on land ownership with primary survey data on leasing arrangements to generate a distribution of farm sizes for each district. Each farming unit as a whole is then evaluated for any excess acreage that would be displaced from applying the ownership, leasing, and residency provisions of each of the proposals. Excess acreage is summed and extrapolated over the irrigation district to provide an estimate of the effect of enforcing each proposal in each district. The results of the analysis indicate that the various proposed restrictions will result in widely different sets of effects. Two of the proposals, that of the Department of Interior and that of National Land for People, are restrictive enough to cause 17,000 and 23,000 acres of excess land, respectively, across all three irrigation districts. The other two proposals analyzed, that of Senators Church/Hatfield, and that of Farm/Water Alliance, will result in little or no excess land in these districts. / Graduation date: 1980

The purpose of the study was to analyze the legal rights and responsibilities of Canadian university students in order to provide information to university administrators. Three specific procedures were used to obtain data. The first, a compilation of Canadian higher level court cases involving students, produced 40 cases which were heard between 1848 and 1981. The second procedure led to approximately two dozen articles and books related to student rights and responsibilities. A summary of the cases and opinions published in legal articles was presented since no compilation of such information had been previously attempted. The third procedure was to send a questionnaire to the registrars of Canada's 51 degree-granting institutions requesting information on the concerns of universities regarding legal rights of students and asking for information on lower level court cases which they knew had taken place between their institution and students. Forty-five responses were received which included information about 37 cases. A brief outline of the cases was presented. An analysis of the legal proceedings and opinions published in legal articles identified a pattern of rights and responsibilities for students and institutions. Rights and responsibilities were discussed with regard to court adjudication into university affairs, the role of the Visitor, Board of Governors, the power of acts, discrimination, public v. private institutions, refusal of admission, natural justice and the existence of a contractual relationship. It was found that the rights of students did differ among the provinces. It was not possible to predict what circumstances would result in students, universities or others being the plaintiff in a legal proceeding. An analysis of questionnaire responses indicated that the majority of respondents were concerned about protection against legal proceedings by students. This concern had increased in recent years due to student awareness about legal rights and administrator concern about possible suits. The 37 cases reported by respondents followed a similar pattern of grievances to those heard at the higher court levels. Steps were being taken by institutions to handle the disputes of students internally so as to prevent grievances from reaching the courts. Based on the material presented in the study, guidelines were formulated for consideration by university administrators. These guidelines dealt with practical matters such as appeal committees, the calendar, and privacy of educational records.

<p align="justify">It is widely recognized that increased participation in international trade and investment can serve as an engine for economic growth and development.<font size="1">1 </font>Implicit in international trade is the principle of comparative advantage that generally provides that states should trade with each other because they are better off by maximizing their production potential for some products and, through trade, obtain products they do not have or produce with less efficiency.<font face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="1">2 </font>Such comparative advantage, <em><font face="Arial,Arial">inter alia</font>, presupposes a well-regulated trading system. Though attempts have been made to regulate the multilateral trading system by the GATT 1947 which was but meant to form only part of an agreement on the stillborn International Trade Organization (ITO), the first rule based World Trade Organization (WTO) was established only in 1995 and a number of countries have acceded to it thence. While there is no consensus on whether developing countries in general and the least developed countries (LDC s)<font size="1">4 </font>in particular are beneficiaries of the system<font face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="1">5</font>, some countries have embarked on the accession process.<font face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="1">6 </font>Ethiopia is one such country.</em></p>

During the course of this thesis the UNIFAC method (group-based method) was regressed to individual Px(T) binary datasets, and the results are compared to the regression results using the Wilson, NRTL, and UNIQUAC equations (component-based models). It is shown that these component-based methods best represent the experimental data when the comparisons are restricted to those systems defined by only two UNIFAC maingroups. For those systems requiring three or more maingroups, however, the regressions using the UNIFAC method (i.e. the group-based approach) are shown to provide the best reproducible results. Evaluations are also presented on the ability of the UNIFAC and mod. UNIFAC (Do.) methods to reproduce experimental activity coefficients at infinite dilution for single and co-solvent systems. For the case of single solvent-systems the newly developed MRR combinatorial expression (Moller, 2010) is evaluated as a direct combinatorial replacement for both methods, although it was originally developed only for estimating activity coefficients at infinite dilution in alkane-solvents. Overall, it is shown that the best results are obtained using the mod. UNIFAC (Do.) method, and that poor results are obtained when trying to use the MRR combinatorial as a direct combinatorial replacement in either method (for systems other than alkane-solvents). Given the favourable results obtained using the mod. UNIFAC (Do.) method, the model was used to generate pseudo data points at multiple temperatures for regression using the NRTL equation, where parameters quadratic in temperature were fitted. It is shown that one may introduce unnecessary errors when translating these predictions into the model parameters of the NRTL equation. In order to eliminate these potential “losses in translation,” a new liquid activity coefficient model/methodology is being proposed. Instead of using group contribution methods as second-choice data generators, it is proposed that these predictive methods be employed in a more direct fashion in process simulations. Instead of regressing experimental data using component-based methods such as NRTL and Wilson, the error in the predicted results are regressed by layering one of these methods on top of a group contribution method like mod. UNIFAC (Do.). This is the fundamental idea behind the proposed hybrid methodology/models. Results are presented for two hybrid models, where the NRTL and Wilson equations are used to correct for the predictions made using the mod. UNIFAC (Do.) method. These methods are being called NRTL-FAC(Do.) and Wilson-FAC(Do.) respectively. In most cases, it is shown that the overall regression results using these new models are as good as or better than the individual models making them up. All experimental data used in this dissertation was obtained from the Dortmund Data Bank (DDBST Software and Separation Technology GmbH, 2009), and all predictions made using the UNIFAC and mod. UNIFAC (Do.) methods were calculated using the Consortium parameters (The UNIFAC Consortium, 2008). / Thesis (M.Sc.Eng.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2011.