Existem demarcações visíveis no campo dos saberes, que separam a aprendizagem do fazer, as pessoas e a materialidade, o mundo natural e o humano, as ciências humanas das ciências exatas e assim por diante. Em relação ao tema aprendizagem organizacional e dos saberes, essa tendência dicotômica não destoaria tanto, já que existem linhas teóricas diferentes que tratam o fenômeno por um viés mais técnico e cognitivista, descolado do social, e outras abordagens que assumem o tema através de seu caráter processual, fluído e relacional. A teoria da aprendizagem baseada em práticas, que se inspira em quatro possíveis abordagens, dentre elas a teoria ator- rede, é uma dessas possibilidades teóricas e empíricas para se analisar e compreender os fenômenos de outra maneira: não mais pela segmentação, mas através das relações estabelecidas entre atores heterogêneos de uma rede, que se constituem nas práticas. O objetivo desse estudo foi compreender os saberes desenvolvidos nas práticas de trabalho de um grupo de mulheres de uma cooperativa, a partir da teoria ator-rede. Para isso, foi necessário, além da analise das práticas predominantes no cotidiano, identificar e descrever os processos de aprendizagem e analisar os elementos não-humanos presentes nas práticas de trabalho do grupo pesquisado. Para viabilizar a pesquisa, desenvolveu-se um estudo etnográfico, conduzido entre os meses de outubro de 2011 e setembro de 2012, em uma cooperativa de costureiras, em Porto Alegre, RS. Para concretizar os objetivos propostos neste trabalho, são descritas e analisadas as principais práticas de trabalho presentes no cotidiano do coletivo, que revelaram o imbricamento ontológico entre as práticas, os saberes e a aprendizagem. Após essa referência, são discutidas as hibridizações que se formam na constituição das práticas, a incompletude de ser e a agência provocada pelos atores não-humanos. Com o intuito de demonstrar a complexidade e a dinamicidade dos saberes, são descritas e relacionadas algumas sequências de gestos realizadas no desenvolvimento dos fazeres de corte, serigrafia e costura da cooperativa. A pesquisa apontou a possibilidade de uma articulação teórica entre a teoria ator-rede e a noção de saberes; indicou também que os saberes são complexos, estão vinculados a uma rede-de-práticas e são aprendidos e desenvolvidos por meio das relações, estabelecidas entre os actantes da rede. / There are visible demarcations in the field of knowledge, which separate learning from doing, people from materiality, the natural world from the human world, humanities from hard sciences and so on. On the subject of knowledge and organizational learning, this dichotomic tendency would not distune too much, since there are different theoretical lines that deal with the phenomenon of a more technical and cognitive bias, detached from social, and other approaches that assume the theme through its processual, fluid and relational character. The practice based learning theory, which is based on four possible approaches, among them actor- network theory, is one of those theoretical and empirical possibilities to analyze and understand the phenomena in another way: not by segmentation, but through relations among heterogeneous actors in a network, which are constituted in practice. The aim of this study was to understand the knowing developed in the working practices of a group of women in a cooperative through the actor-network theory. For that, it was necessary, in addition to the analysis of the prevailing practice in daily life, to identify and to describe the learning processes and analyze non- human elements present in the working practices of the studied group. In order to enable the research, an ethnographic study was developed, from October, 2011 to September, 2012, in a cooperative of dressmakers in Porto Alegre, RS. To achieve the proposed goals, the main practices of collective everyday work are described and analyzed, which revealed the ontological overlapping between practices, knowledge and learning. Upon this reference, hybridizations that are formed in the constitution of practices are discussed, the incompleteness of being and the agency caused by non- human actors. In order to demonstrate the complexity and dinamicity of knowing, some sequences of gestures performed in the development of cutting, screen printing and sewing doings are described and related to each other. The study indicated the possibility of a theoretical link between the actor-network theory and the notion of knowing, and also indicated that knowledges are complex and they are linked to a network-of-practices and they are learned and developed through the relationship established among actants from the network.

As primeiras plantações brasileiras de organismos geneticamente modificados (OGM) aconteceram no Rio Grande do Sul, em 1997. As sementes plantadas correspondem à soja Roundup Ready, usualmente chamada de soja transgênica, cujos direitos de propriedade pertencem a Monsanto. Em 1998 instalou-se a controvérsia, pois foi divulgado na imprensa que existiam extensas plantações no norte do estado, a partir de sementes contrabandeadas da Argentina. A controvérsia mobilizou atores governamentais, associações de agricultores, empresas, pequenos e grandes produtores, universidades e centros de pesquisa. Logo, este estudo tem por objetivo compreender o processo inovativo da soja transgênica no Rio Grande do Sul a partir da rede de atores no período de 1998 a 2003, ano da divulgação da MP 131 que permitiu a comercialização da safra transgênica. Para isto, foi adotada a perspectiva da Actor Network Theory, que considera humanos e não-humanos como atores no processo de criação de novas tecnologias. A esta perspectiva soma-se uma formulação mais explícita de poder, a fim de compreender como se dá o processo inovativo em países periféricos, a partir de uma discussão sobre hegemonia e sobre o papel das grandes empresas multinacionais. A análise de dados foi feita através da análise crítica de discurso, sendo identificadas três cadeias de tradução construídas pela rede de atores que se entrecruzam e constroem a soja transgênica: 1) a cadeia que utiliza o discurso do OGM como fonte de ganhos econômicos aliados à preservação ambiental e ao fim da fome no mundo, 2) a cadeia que liga a soja transgênica à hegemonia do capital internacional e 3) a cadeia que associa os transgênicos às incertezas ambientais e de saúde. Por fim, o processo inovativo da soja transgênica é um processo político, sendo que a própria soja transgênica pode ser compreendida como um objeto político. / The first Brazilian plantations of genetic modified organisms (GMOs) took place at the State of Rio Grande do Sul in 1997. The seeds then cultivated were those of the so called Roundup Ready Soya, usually known as transgenic Soya and which property rights belong to Monsanto. In 1998, a controversial debate began when the press spread the information that Roundup Ready Soya seeds were being smuggled from Argentina and cultivated at north of the State. The controversies mobilized governmental actors, agriculture associations, enterprises, small and big producers, universities and research centers. Within this context, this work seeks to understand the innovative process of transgenic Soya at Rio Grande do Sul looking at its actors network between 1998 and 2003, this last being the year of the provisory federal law 131, which has legalized the transgenic Soya at Brazil. To achieve this purpose, the Actor Network Theory perspective was adopted because it sees human and not human beings as actors in the process of new technologies creation. To this perspective a more explicit formulation of power is added in order to understand how the innovative process in peripheral countries takes place based on a discussion about hegemony and the role of big multinational companies. Data analysis was done following the critical analysis of discourse. Three chains of translation built by the actors' network were identified as intertwining and generating the transgenic Soya: (1st) the chain that uses the GMO discourse as a source of economic profit combined with environmental preservation and the end of world hunger; (2nd) the chain that attaches Soya to international capital hegemony; and (3rd) the chain that associates transgenic organisms to environmental and health uncertainties. To resume, it is said that the innovative process of transgenic Soya is a political process, being the transgenic Soya in itself possibly seen as a politic object.

Na tentativa de compreender como os saberes são desenvolvidos nas práticas de um grupo em um hackerspace, este estudo parte da perspectiva da aprendizagem baseada em práticas pelo viés da abordagem teórico-metodológica da teoria atorrede para acompanhar a realização das atividades cotidianas de um coletivo em um hackerspace. Sem definições prévias estabelecidas acerca do conceito de hackerspace, o estudo tem como objetivo compreender como os saberes são desenvolvidos nas práticas de um grupo, em um hackerspace, e como são enactados pelas relações entre os diversos elementos heterogêneos da rede. Para isso, foi necessário, além da análise das práticas predominantes no cotidiano do coletivo, identificar e descrever – considerando humanos e não humanos de forma simétrica – como os processos de aprendizagem são engendrados nessas práticas, passando a constituir saberes. A fim de viabilizar a pesquisa, desenvolveu-se um estudo, orientado pela teoria ator-rede como método e lente de análise, entre os meses de dezembro de 2013 e setembro de 2014, em um hackerspace localizado em Porto Alegre, RS. Com o propósito de alcançar os objetivos formulados nesse trabalho, são descritas e analisadas as principais práticas predominantes na organização pesquisada e seus processos de aprendizagem, revelando que práticas, saberes e aprendizagem coexistem e se encontram imbricadas no constante organizar do coletivo. A incompletude de ser e as hibridizações enactadas nas práticas são discutidas posteriormente e denotam a agência dos não humanos, oriunda de arranjos momentaneamente estabelecidos entre os actantes da rede. A pesquisa revelou a complexidade dos saberes, que se encontram vinculados a um conjunto de práticas conectadas, uma vez que são constituídos por elas, ao mesmo tempo em que as constituem, sendo engendrados nas relações heterogêneas da rede. / In order to understand how the knowledge is developed in the practices of a hackerspace group, this research proceeds from the learning perspective of practices based on the theoretical and methodological approach of the actor-network theory bias to monitor daily activities of a collective in a hackerspace. Without previous definition of the concept of hackerspace, this study objective is to comprehend how the knowledge is developed in a group, in a hackerspace, and how it is accomplished by the relationship between the various heterogeneous network elements. For this, it was necessary, in addition to analyze the current practices in the daily life of the group, identify and describe – considering symmetrically humans and nonhumans – how the learning processes are fomented in these practices and built into knowledge. In order to accredit the research, a study was developed, based on the actor-network theory as the method of the analysis, from December 2013 to September 2014, in a hackerspace located in Porto Alegre, RS. With the purpose to achieve the goals of this research, the key practices and learning processes of the studied organization are described and analyzed, revealing that practice, knowledge and learning are intertwined and coexist in the group. The incompleteness of being and the hybridizations accomplished in the practices are discussed posteriorly and denote the agency of nonhumans, emerged from momentaneous arrangements established among the actants of the network. The study reveals the complexity of knowledge, which is linked to a group of practices, as it is constituted by them and in the same time it constitutes them, being engendered in the heterogeneous relations of the network.

Desde meados dos anos 1960 novos temas tornaram-se cada vez mais caros a sociedade de forma global. Dentre esses temas, o relacionamento entre as ações humanas com o meio ambiente passou a ser visto e discutido nos mais diferentes setores da sociedade, o que fez formatar uma nova dimensão de desenvolvimento, que abarcasse outras variáveis além do crescimento econômico, tais como as advindas da área social e ambiental (SACHS, 2009a e 2009b; VEIGA, 2010). Apesar disso, as discussões acadêmicas levantam o fato de que tal termo carece de um quadro conciso de significados, adquirindo um caráter pluridimensional. Dentre deste debate, o Brasil e sua proeminência de caráter mundial no setor de produção de combustíveis alternativos, se constrói enquanto a base desta pesquisa, que teve como propósito tecer relações mais sólidas entre estes dois temas, especificamente, a sustentabilidade e o etanol de cana-deaçúcar. Para isso, procurou-se entender quais são as traduções de sustentabilidade no setor sucroenergético, ou seja, de que forma o tema da sustentabilidade está sendo estrategicamente definido pelos atores que se relacionam de forma direta com o etanol de cana-de-açúcar, e assim realizar um cruzamento com os principais aspectos de sustentabilidade presentes na literatura sobre a questão. Para a consecução dos objetivos foi utilizada a Teoria Ator-Rede como ferramenta metodológica. Nesse sentido, a sustentabilidade se encaixou como o ator principal da pesquisa, pois causa transformações nos mais diversos atores aos quais se associa. Os resultados se destacam pelo fato de que a interdisciplinaridade é incipiente no setor, muito devido às falhas e dificuldades na divulgação de informação e dados e à baixa participação dos diferentes setores nas discussões. Uma das consequências do pouco diálogo entre as áreas se encontra no fato de que o setor traduz a sustentabilidade baseada na abordagem chamada de Tripé da Sustentabilidade. Nesse sentido, a visão mais integrativa, tão importante para este tema, perde relevância, havendo ênfase prático e teórico para uma das três dimensões da abordagem, qual seja, a econômica, que é operacionalizada através de investimentos em inovações tecnológicas. Apesar desta contestação, para o setor tal carência de paradigmas integrativos se assinala de forma negativa. Para que um estado mais desejável deste setor seja alcançado é fundamental que o seu estado atual seja aclarado em seus meandros, permitindo a formulação de ferramentas de sustentabilidade. / Since the mid-1960s new themes have become increasingly matters of concern in global society. Among these subjects, the relation between human actions with the environment came to be seen and discussed in many different sectors of society, which arranged a new dimension of development that would encompass other variables than economic growth, such as those regarding social and environmental areas (Sachs, 2009a and 2009b; Veiga, 2010). Nevertheless, academic discussions highlight the fact that this term lacks a concise framework of meanings, what acquires a multidimensional characteristic. Within this debate, the prominence of Brazil in the production of alternative fuels builds the basis of this research, which aimed to weave stronger relations between these two issues, specifically, sustainability and sugarcane ethanol. Thus, this dissertation tried to understand what are the translations of sustainability in sugarcane industry, ie how the topic of sustainability is being strategically defined by the actors that relate directly to the sugarcane ethanol and, therefore, achieve a junction between this and the main aspects of sustainability in the literature on the issue. To achieve the goals, Actor-Network Theory has been used as a methodological tool. In this sense, sustainability is embedded as the main actor of the research, because it causes changes in several actors to which it associates. The resultsemphasise the fact that interdisciplinarity is incipient in the sector, largely due to failures and difficulties in disseminating information and data and the low participation of different sectors in the discussions. One consequence of the lack of dialogue between the areas is the fact that the sector translates sustainability based approach called Triple Botton Line. In this sense, a more integrative susteinability view loses relevance, as it\'s clear a practical and theoretical emphasis in one of the three dimensions of the approach, namely, the economic, which is operationalized through investments in technological innovations. Despite this challenge the sugarcane sector itself, points this lack of integrative paradgms in a negative way. For a more desirable state of this sector , it is essential that your current state is cleared in its intricacies, allowing the formulation of sustainability tools.

A estrutura do controle de grandes empresas interfere na competição de mercado, bem como na estabilidade financeira deste. Estudos internacionais pesquisaram o controle das empresas em seus países, outros expandiram tal visão para as empresas transnacionais, realizando uma análise a nível mundial, ambas com o objetivo de descrever a disposição dos principais controladores em uma estrutura de rede. Dessa maneira, o problema central deste trabalho consiste em verificar a disposição dos acionistas de grandes empresas no Brasil e, para isso, tem como objetivo principal analisar a rede de controle formada por acionistas e empresas listadas na BM&FBOVESPA no ano de 2018 com uso da técnica de Redes. Os dados utilizados para elaborar a rede foram obtidos através do Economatica. Como resultado, foi observada uma rede com uma componente gigante composta por 726 atores e uma rede de acionistas com baixa densidade, alta modularidade e caminho médio indicando características de rede mundo pequeno, com atores centrais de grande influência na estrutura. Os resultados contribuem para a compreensão da atual estrutura de participação no mercado acionário brasileiro, pois evidencia e quantifica as relações entre acionistas e empresas. Espera-se que este estudo colabore para novas investigações acerca das particularidades do mercado financeiro brasileiro. / The structure of the control of large companies interferes in the market competition, as well as in the financial stability of this one. International studies have researched corporate control in their countries, others have expanded such a view to transnational corporations by conducting a worldwide review, both with the purpose of describing the disposition of the major controllers in a network structure. Thus, the main problem of this work is to verify the disposition of the shareholders of large companies in Brazil and, for this purpose, its main objective is to analyze the control network formed by shareholders and companies listed on BM&FBOVESPA in 2018 using Networks. The data used to elaborate the network were obtained from Economatica. As a result, it was observed a network with a giant component composed of 726 actors, with low density, high modularity and medium path indicating network characteristics small world, with central actors of great influence in the structure. The results contribute to the understanding of the current structure of participation in the Brazilian stock market, since it evidences and quantifies the relations between shareholders and companies. It is hoped that this study will contribute to further research on the particularities of the Brazilian financial market.

This thesis is a case study which looks at the creation of two theatre productions. Using the literature of Actor-Network Theory as a methodological provocation, it analyses the processes by which networks of actors created these theatre pieces with particular attention to where agency was observed. Through data gathered through observing material interactions, the thesis develops the concept of the (play)text: an object that is an expression of the ideas of the text, but is not the text itself – rather, a bricolage of ‘translations' of a piece of written and rehearsed work bound together by time and combined action. Conceiving of the eventual product – the (play)text in performance – as an example of the ANT concept of an agencement, a network of different people and objects working together to maintain a stable construction, but one which perpetually refines and redefines each of its component parts – this thesis proposes that the (play)text is an example of a dynamic and fractional artistic object, stabilised only briefly in the moments of its performance. Examining the theatre production process in this way contributes to ANT literature by providing specific examples of an artistic object created materially and agentively; it also highlights the limitations of the ways in which theatre has been used as a metaphor within Organisation Studies. Finally, it contributes to work on process change in showing an object which is, though it appears constantly improvisational and changing in its form, stabilised by material interactions.

This thesis is an inquiry into possibilities and problems of a sociology of translation. Beginning with a recognition that actor network theory represents a sociological account of social life premised upon on recognition of multiple ontologies, interruptions and translations, the thesis proceeds to examine problems of interpretation and representation inherent in these accounts. Tensions between sociological interpretation and social life as lived are examined by comparing representation of nonhuman agency in both an actor-network and a science fiction study of doors. The power identified in each approach varies from point making to lying. A case is made for considering fictional storytelling as sociology and hence, the sociological value of lying. It is by close examination of a fictional story that this study aims to contribute to a sociology of translation. The greater part of the thesis comprises an ethnographic study of a televised children's story. Methodological issues in ethnography are addressed and a case is made for a complicit and multi-site ethnography of story. The ethnography is represented in two particular forms. Firstly, and unusually, story is treated as a Storyworld available for ethnographic study. An actor network ethnography of this Storyworld reveals sociologically useful similarities and differences between fictional Storyworld and contemporary, social life. Secondly, story is taken as a product, a broadcast television series of six programmes. An ethnography of story production is undertaken that focuses attention on production performances, hidden storytellers and politics of authorship. Story is revealed as an unfinished project. A prominent aspect of this thesis is a recognition that fictional storytelling both liberates and constrains story possibilities. This thesis concludes that, in addressing critically important tensions in sociological representation, fictional stories should be included in sociological literature as studies in their own right.

This thesis aims to focus on relational controversy about the causes behind the inconsistency in number of students who use a Web 2.0 application named "LibGuide" inside the Linnaeus University and the attempts of program coordinator to develop certain strategies to perform a better use of it in a particular department of Healthcare. The nature of the problem will be discussed, suggesting that how the these strategies maintained a high significant of use in that department. The research foregoes, as it uses a process of translation which are the moments of struggles by a program coordinator to impose itself by its role to the definition of the situation. The research suggests a network within which the series of processes and interrelation of the sociotechnical role of each member is drawn and allocated.

Abstrakt   Tv-branschen är en jätteindustri som styrs av ett fåtal stora sändningsnätverk. I Sverige är den största distributören Sveriges Television (SVT) och på grund av detta så är sannolikheten att personer som arbetar inom ljud i Sverige någon gång kommer att arbeta på projekt för dem väldigt hög. I min uppsats har jag utfört en Actor Network-analys av empiriska studier jag utfört på postproduktionsbolaget Europa Sound and Vision. Med hjälp av analysen vill jag undersöka vad begreppet ”god hörbarhet” består av och därmed kunna definiera uttrycket tydligare. Jag jämför sedan SVTs syn på hörbarhet med den jag fått fram genom dessa studier för att till slut ändra på den nuvarande synen och på det regelverk SVT har. / Abstract The television industry is a huge industry that is governed by a few big broadcasting networks. The biggest distributer and producer of television in Sweden is Sveriges Television (SVT) and everyone working with sound will, more likely than not, work for them in a project. In this study I’ve analyzed the results of two months of empirical work, I’ve identified the actors that make up the network “God hörbarhet” (good audibility) and the reason this is interesting is for determining a more solid definition for the term “good audibility”. I’ve then put this more solid definition up against SVT’s loose definition, this only to expand on their current system and delivery specifications.

The need to economically identify rare subjects within large, poorly-mapped search spaces is a frequently-encountered problem for social scientists and managers. It is notoriously difficult, for example, to identify "the best new CEO for our company," or the "best three lead users to participate in our product development project." Mass screening of entire populations or samples becomes steadily more expensive as the number of acceptable solutions within the search space becomes rarer. The search strategy of "pyramiding" is a potential solution to this problem under many conditions. Pyramiding is a search process based upon the idea that people with a strong interest in a topic or field tend to know people more expert than themselves. In this paper we report upon four experiments empirically exploring the efficiency of pyramiding searches relative to mass screening. We find that pyramiding on average identified the most expert individual in a group on a specific topic with only 28.4% of the group interviewed - a great efficiency gain relative to mass screening. Further, pyramiding identified one of the top 3 experts in a population after interviewing only 15.9% of the group on average. We discuss conditions under which the pyramiding search method is likely to be efficient relative to screening.