O Zoneamento Ecológico Econômico do Litoral Norte de São Paulo é um dos principais instrumentos para orientação do planejamento ambiental territorial urbano, embora apresente divergências na concepção das diferentes Zonas que definem a aptidão de cada unidade territorial. Neste trabalho mostramos que as Zonas Z2T, Z4OD e Z4T, no município de São Sebastião, foram delimitadas em divergência com as reais características que compõem a paisagem. Nossos resultados indicam que as variáveis Uso e Ocupação da Terra, Cobertura Vegetal e Geomorfologia (Risco de Inundação) apresentam inadequações com as características e objetivos descritos para as Zonas estudadas, provocando inadequações no uso e ocupação da terra / The ecological economic zoning of the North coast of São Paulo is one of the main instruments for orientation of urban land environmental planning, although present differences in the design of different zones which define the capability of each territorial unit. In this work we show that the zones Z2T, Z4OD and Z4T, in the city of São Sebastião, were placed in divergence with the actual features that make up the landscape. Our results indicate that the use and occupation of Land, Vegetation and Geomorphology (Flood risk) feature incongruities with the characteristics and objectives described for the studied Areas, leading to conflicts on the use and occupation of land

The Formative Period in the North Coast: IntroductionThe text doesn´t have an abstract / El texto no presenta resumen

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-04-16Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:31:12Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 roseghini_wff_me_prud.pdf: 2373075 bytes, checksum: ef91fc634e35d5b3586b9a9666a9f4a0 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / As encostas litorâneas têm sido palco de uma ocupação desordenada e conseqüentemente de uma degradação sem precedentes, favorecendo os impactos pluviais causadores dos processos de movimentos de massa e inundações que passam da ação geomorfológica natural para a antrópica. Assim, esta pesquisa concentra-se no Litoral Norte Paulista, situado entre as Serras do Mar e Juqueriquerê e a Ilha de São Sebastião até a Serra de Parati, compreendendo os municípios de: Ubatuba, Caraguatatuba, São Sebastião e Ilhabela. Possui altitudes que variam de 0 a 1200 m, com totais pluviais médios anuais que variam entre 1500 e 3000 mm. A área é caracterizada pela presença marcante da Serra do Mar próxima à linha de costa, apresentando declividade acentuada de suas escarpas, favorecendo a ocorrência de chuvas orográficas. Na região tem ocorrido eventos extremos e catastróficos relacionados às inundações e movimentos de massa, resultando em centenas de vítimas e danos econômicos desencadeados, na sua maioria, por eventos de chuvas intensas de curto período (máximas em 24 horas), associadas ao processo de uso e ocupação inadequados da terra. Na busca pela caracterização regional das variações pluviométricas, com ênfase nos eventos extremos, disserta-se neste trabalho com o propósito de avaliar o impacto das chuvas no espaço geográfico, baseado nos trabalhos de Monteiro (1971) pertinentes aos estudos geográficos do clima e Gerardi (1987) e Martín-Vide (2003), baseado em técnicas de caráter estatístico, destacando medidas de tendência central, dispersão e correlação em diversas escalas temporais. Foram utilizados dados de 15 postos pluviométricos mantidos pelo DAEE - Departamento de Águas e Energia Elétrica do Estado de São Paulo, no segmento de 1943- 2000. Os procedimentos estatísticos e mapas utilizados foram elaborados nos softwares Excel, Statistica e Surfer, com métodos de Ward e interpolação Kriging. / The coastal hillsides have been stage of a disordered occupation and consequently of an unprecedented degradation, favoring the pluvial impacts with are causers of the mass movements and floods processes that pass from the natural geomorphological action into the antropic. Thus, this research concentrates on the São Paulo north coast, located among Serra do Mar, Serra de Juqueriquerê and São Sebastião Island until Serra de Parati, enclosing the municipal districts of: Ubatuba, Caraguatatuba, São Sebastião and Ilhabela. The area has altitudes that vary from 0 to 1200m, with annual average pluvial totals that vary between 1500mm and 3000mm. The area is characterized by the outstanding presence of Serra do Mar next to the coast line, presenting accentuated declivity of its scarps, favoring the occurrence of orographic rains. In this area, there have been extreme and catastrophic events related to the floods and mass movements, resulting in hundreds of victims and unchained economical damages, principally, for intense rains events of short period (maxims in 24 hours), associated to the inadequate use process and occupation of the land. In the search for regional characterization of the pluvial variations, with emphasis on the extreme events this work talks about, with the purpose of evaluating the rain impacts in the geographical space, based on the works of Monteiro (1971) which are pertinent to the to the geographical studies of the climate, Gerardi (1987) and Martín-Vide (2003) which are based on statistical character techniques, detaching central trend measures, dispersion and correlation in several temporary scales. Data from 15 pluvial posts maintained by DAEE - Department of Waters and Electric Energy of the São Paulo State - were used, in the segment of 1943-2000. The statistical procedures were elaborated in softwares as Excel, Statistica and Surfer, with methods of Ward and interpolation (Kriging).

abstract: Irrigation agriculture has been heralded as the solution to feeding the world's growing population. To this end, irrigation agriculture is both extensifying and intensifying in arid regions across the world in an effort to create highly productive agricultural systems. Over one third of modern irrigated fields, however, show signs of serious soil degradation, including salinization and waterlogging, which threaten the productivity of these fields and the world's food supply. Surprisingly, little ecological data on agricultural soils have been collected to understand and address these problems. How, then, can expanding and intensifying modern irrigation systems remain agriculturally productive for the long-term? Archaeological case studies can provide critical insight into how irrigated agricultural systems may be sustainable for hundreds, if not thousands, of years. Irrigation systems in Mesopotamia, for example, have been cited consistently as a cautionary tale of the relationship between mismanaged irrigation systems and the collapse of civilizations, but little data expressly link how and why irrigation failed in the past. This dissertation presents much needed ecological data from two different regions of the world - the Phoenix Basin in southern Arizona and the Pampa de Chaparrí on the north coast of Peru - to explore how agricultural soils were affected by long-term irrigation in a variety of social and economic contexts, including the longevity and intensification of irrigation agriculture. Data from soils in prehispanic and historic agricultural fields indicate that despite long-lived and intensive irrigation farming, farmers in both regions created strategies to sustain large populations with irrigation agriculture for hundreds of years. In the Phoenix Basin, Hohokam and O'odham farmers relied on sedimentation from irrigation water to add necessary fine sediments and nutrients to otherwise poor desert soils. Similarly, on the Pampa, farmers relied on sedimentation in localized contexts, but also constructed fields with ridges and furrows to draw detrimental salts away from planting surfaces in the furrows on onto the ridges. These case studies are then compared to failing modern and ancient irrigated systems across the world to understand how the centralization of management may affect the long-term sustainability of irrigation agriculture. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Anthropology 2013

O Zoneamento Ecológico Econômico do Litoral Norte de São Paulo é um dos principais instrumentos para orientação do planejamento ambiental territorial urbano, embora apresente divergências na concepção das diferentes Zonas que definem a aptidão de cada unidade territorial. Neste trabalho mostramos que as Zonas Z2T, Z4OD e Z4T, no município de São Sebastião, foram delimitadas em divergência com as reais características que compõem a paisagem. Nossos resultados indicam que as variáveis Uso e Ocupação da Terra, Cobertura Vegetal e Geomorfologia (Risco de Inundação) apresentam inadequações com as características e objetivos descritos para as Zonas estudadas, provocando inadequações no uso e ocupação da terra / The ecological economic zoning of the North coast of São Paulo is one of the main instruments for orientation of urban land environmental planning, although present differences in the design of different zones which define the capability of each territorial unit. In this work we show that the zones Z2T, Z4OD and Z4T, in the city of São Sebastião, were placed in divergence with the actual features that make up the landscape. Our results indicate that the use and occupation of Land, Vegetation and Geomorphology (Flood risk) feature incongruities with the characteristics and objectives described for the studied Areas, leading to conflicts on the use and occupation of land

Vermicompost transforms agricultural waste into a high quality soil amendment, though market acceptance remains in its infancy. This study examines how growers’ willingness to pay for vermicompost is affected by grower’s crop, region, income per acre, knowledge level of vermicompost and compost, previous use of compost, and the willingness to pay for compost. The survey results pulled together 223 responses from California growers. It was discovered growers’ had less knowledge of vermicompost than compost but were willing to pay more for vermicompost. There was statistical difference amongst the responses. It was shown the market value per ton of vermicompost lies between $20 and $30; and feasibility of a potential vermicompost facility depends on transportation costs of the finished product. A vermicompost company should focus on North Coast grape growers.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

A presente pesquisa buscou compreender os processos históricos relacionados à diáspora africana no litoral Norte paulista a partir de uma perspectiva arqueológica. Com a proibição do comércio negreiro em meados do século XIX, o litoral Norte paulista, tão próximo do Vale do Paraíba onde a cultura cafeeira estava em expansão, foi palco de inúmeros desembarques clandestinos realizados nas praias da região. Por meio da integração de fontes diversificadas, como evidências materiais, indicadores da paisagem, narrativas orais, fontes secundárias e com especial atenção à Historiografia sobre o tema, foi possível traçar possibilidades interpretativas acerca da diáspora africana na região estudada. Destarte, tais levantamentos possibilitaram atribuir ao litoral Norte paulista um alto potencial para o estudo de sítios e vestígios arqueológicos associados à temática, seja em ambiente continental ou insular, em compartimentos emersos ou submersos. / This research aimed at understanding the historic processes regarding the African Diaspora in the north coast of São Paulo from an archaeological perspective. With the prohibition of slave trading in the mid-nineteenth century, the north coast of São Paulo was the scene of countless clandestine landings on the beaches of the region, once it was very close to the Paraíba Valley, where coffee cultivation was expanding. Through the integration of diverse sources such as material hard evidence, landscape indicators, spoken narratives, secondary sources and a particular focus on Historiography, it was possible to draw interpretative possibilities about the African diaspora in the region under study. Therefore, these surveys have made possible for the north coast region of São Paulo to be assigned as a high potential study place of archaeological sites and remains related to the theme, both in the mainland and on the island environment, either as surfaced or immersed compartments.

A área de estudo do presente trabalho é parte integrante da barreira holocênica do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Apresenta seus limites entre o balneário de Itapeva (município de Torres) ao norte e, ao sul, o balneário de Dunas Altas (município de Palmares do Sul). Este trabalho teve por objetivo obter novas informações referentes às variações sazonais (inverno e verão) morfológicas e sedimentológicas (granulometria e morfoscopia) do sistema praia-duna frontal no Litoral Norte do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Para isso, foram coletadas e analisadas por difração a lazer (granulometria) 26 amostras de sedimentos das dunas frontais (face marinha) e 26 da praia (nos limites instantâneos da zona de espraiamento), bem como as suas características morfológicas através de medição, observação e descrição em campo. Os resultados obtidos demostraram nítida relação sedimentológica entre a praia e a duna frontal quando observados na mesma estação. No ambiente praial, os sedimentos foram caracterizados como areia fina com tendência granocrescente para o norte, bem selecionados, aproximadamente simétricos e mesocúrticos no verão, com tendência a leptocúrticos no inverno. Nas dunas frontais os sedimentos foram classificados como areia fina, com tendência granocrescente para o norte no inverno e um sutil decréscimo no verão, bem selecionados a muito bem selecionados e aproximadamente simétricos, mesocúrticos com tendência leptocúrticos nas duas estações. No inverno, a praia apresentou areias com maior valor de diâmetro médio em relação ao verão, da mesma forma que as a dunas frontais. Quanto à morfoscopia (verão/inverno), os grãos foram classificados como angulosos com média esfericidade. Com relação à análise das variáveis morfológicas, a largura da praia e a pista de vento não apresentaram relação com a altura das dunas frontais. As mesmas tendem a um decréscimo de sul para norte. As maiores alturas de dunas foram encontradas ao sul, onde há maior velocidade dos ventos e em função da orientação da linha de costa que determina uma incidência com maior valor angular do vento dominante proveniente de nordeste. / The study area of this work corresponds to the beach-foredune system of the Holocene barrier of the Rio Grande do Sul state. It presents its boundaries between Itapeva (Torres municipality) to the north and Dunas Altas (Palmares do Sul municipality) to the south. The objective of this work was to obtain new information regarding seasonal (winter and summer) morphological and sedimentological variations (granulometry and morphoscopy) of the beach-foredune system in the northern coast of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. For this, 26 samples of sediments of the foredunes (marine face) and 26 of the beach (at the instantaneous limits of the swash zone) were collected and analyzed by laser diffraction (granulometry), as well as their morphological characteristics through the measurement, observation and field description. The results obtained showed a clear sedimentological relationship between the beach and the foredune when considered the same season. At the beach the sediments were characterized as fine sand with a tendency to a northward increase on grain size. These sands are well selected, approximately symmetrical and mesocurtic in the summer, with tendency to leptocurtic in the winter. In the foredunes the sediments were classified as fine sand, with a tendency to a northward increase on grain size in the winter, and a subtle decrease in the summer. These sands are well selected to very well selected and approximately symmetrical, mesocurtic with a leptocurtic tendency in the two seasons. In winter the beach and the foredune presented sands with a higher value of average diameter in relation to the summer. In regard of morphoscopy (summer/winter), the grains were classified as angular with moderate sphericity. Regarding the analysis of the morphological variables, the width of the beach and the wind fetch were not related to the height of the foredunes. They tend to decrease from south to north. The highest heights of dunes were found to the south, where there is higher wind velocity, due to the orientation of the coastline that determines a higher angular value of incidence of the dominant wind coming from the northeast.

The cycling of biogenic volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) within marine and terrestrial ecosystems has been shown to play an integral role in atmospheric chemistry; by influencing global climate change through the creation of cloud condensation nuclei and controlling acid-base chemistry; as well as influencing sediment chemistry including the interactions with trace metals, particularly regarding iron sulfide formation. Despite this, the examination of VSCs within Australian coastal acid sulfate soils (ASS) is an unexplored area of research. As ASS in Australia occupy an area in excess of 9 M ha, there is a clear need for a greater understanding of the cycling of these compounds within such systems. This thesis looks at the concentrations of several VSCs within agricultural and undisturbed ASS on the east coast of Australia. Initial measurements of sulfur dioxide (SO2) were made using passive diffusion samplers, which were followed by two detailed field-based studies looking at the concentrations and fluxes of both SO2 and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) using flux-gradient micrometeorological techniques. These novel results indicated that this agricultural ASS was a substantial source of atmospheric H2S (0.036-0.056 gSm-2yr-1), and SO2 (0.095-0.31 gSm-2yr-1), with flux values equating to many other salt- and freshwater marshes and swamps. The flux data also suggested that the ASS could be a continual source of H2S which is photo-oxidised during the daytime to SO2. Measurements of both compounds showed separate, inverse correlations to temperature and moisture meteorological parameters indicating possible contributing and / or causal release factors. Further identification of these and other VSCs within ASS samplers was undertaken in the laboratory using gas chromatography in combination with solid-phase microextraction. Although SO2 and H2S were not discovered within the headspace samples, two other VSCs important in atmospheric sulfur cycling and trace metal geochemistry were quantified; dimethylsulfide (DMS; &gt 300??g/L) and ethanethiol (ESH &gt 4??g/L). The measurements of H2S, DMS and ESH are the first quantifications with Australian ASS, and they may be important for refining regional or local atmospheric sulfur budgets, as well as interpreting previous SO2 emissions from ASS. Ultimately this thesis further enhances our understanding of the cycling of VSCs within acid sulfate systems.