The major portion of Pacific whiting (PW) is commercialized in the form of frozen surimi. Alternative products for PW were investigated focusing on fresh surimi and texturized meat from PW mince. Fresh surimi is made without additives and kept refrigerated instead of frozen. Texturized meat is a meat-like product made from PW mince through freeze-texturization. Fresh surimi was stored at 5°C and analyzed for its total aerobic plate count (APC), shear stress, shear strain, and color during 7 days storage. Frozen surimi from PW was prepared with 0, 3, 6, and 9% cryoprotectants and was compared with fresh surimi for its gel forming ability. Fresh surimi had a shelf life of 5 days and the gel forming ability remained unchanged throughout storage time. Shear strain of fresh surimi was not different from frozen surimi with 9% cryoprotectants but shear stress was almost 3 times higher than the frozen one. Texturized meat from PW mince was prepared from unwashed or 1-washed mince kept frozen for 6-8 mo with or without the addition of 6% cryoprotectants. The minces were comminuted into a protein slurry, formed into patties, and frozen at -7, -18, and -50°C. The evaluations of ice formation (by microscopic study), hardness, cook loss, color, and water holding capacity were carried out during 20 days storage. The results showed that texturized meat with parallel layers was made from 1-washed PW mince. Unwashed PW mince created a sponge-like texture and had rapid quality deterioration, thus it is not recommended for this product. Cryoprotectants did not significantly affect the texture formation of the product and are not required to store mince as raw material for the texturized meat. The optimum freeze-texturized temperature for this product was -18°C or lower because it minimized quality changes during storage depending on the desirable texture. The lower the temperature (higher freezing rate), the finer the layers created. / Graduation date: 1996

The physical characteristics of continental shelf waters off Oregon during late winter and spring of 1975 are described and compared with observations taken previously during summer. The currents in winter are barotropic in the monthly means while in summer the currents are baroclinic. Alongshore current fluctuations on the time scale of a few days are depth dependent in winter but become depth independent in summer. The current shear changes sign on the several day time scale in winter while in summer the deeper currents are always northward with respect to the near surface currents. Alongshore coherences of sea level and currents indicate that winter fluctuations generally propagate southward rather than northward as previously observed in summer. These winter fluctuations in alongshore currents also have onshore/offshore phase speeds that are comparable in magnitude to their alongshore phase speeds. There is no evidence for free continental shelf wave activity in winter although forced waves (travelling predominately southward, as do the meteorological disturbances) may exist. The Gill and Schumann (1974) model, which predicts sea level from a knowledge of the alongshore components of winds along the coastline, is tested for winter and summer in 1975 and found to have some predictive ability for fluctuations on the time scale of several days. The transition from winter to summer is initiated in a dramatic barotropic event and continues as a longer period baroclinic adjustment. The former is marked by a sudden reversal of currents and a lowering of sea level while the latter is marked by a slow rising of the pycnocline and with it the layer of maximum vertical shear. Both the barotropic changes at the transition event and the adjustment of the density field, which occurs after the transition event, are directly forced by the local wind. / Graduation date: 1977

The geopotential anomalies and the average meridional geostrophic flow off Newport, Oregon, were computed from the data taken during twenty-one hydrographic cruises. The annual average of geopotential anomaly was 1.31 dynamic meters with a seasonal variation of the order of 14 dynamic centimeters. Highest values of geopotential anomaly occurred in September; lowest values occurred in April. Both the highest and lowest value of geopotential anomaly occurred at 105 nautical miles offshore. The currents found by dynamic computation were weak and irregular, generally 5 cm/sec or less. The direction of the average meridional geostrophic flow varied with season. Within 105 nautical miles of the coast, flow was southward in summer, northward in winter. Beyond 105 nautical miles from the coast, flow directions reversed, that is, flow was northward in summer and southward in winter. / Graduation date: 1967

Graduation date: 1978

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1982. / Bibliography: leaves 182-202. / Microfiche. / xiii, 202 leaves, bound ill., maps, plates 29 cm

Typescript. / Bibliography: leaves 144-147. / Photocopy. / xvi, 147 leaves ill

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 238-258). / Microfiche. / xv, 258 leaves, bound ill., photographs 29 cm

Typescript. / Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii, 1965. / Bibliography: leaves 184-193. / xi, 193 l illus., tables (part fold.)

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 48-54). / vii, 54 leaves, bound ill. 29 cm

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 71-81). / vi, 81 leaves, bound ill., map 29 cm