Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 486-500). Also available on microfiche.

Thesis (M.A. (Applied))--Victoria University of Wellington, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston University

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University / William Hobson (1820-1891) joined the ante bellum exodus of Quakers from North Carolina, migrating to Iowa in his late youth where he served as a pioneer minister of Friends until 1875. He then began the formation of a settlement of Quakers at Newberg, Oregon, which grew rapidly and eventually resulted in the establishment of Oregon Yearly Meeting of Friends. Because so little was known of the early life of William Hobson, and because nineteenth century revivalism radically altered the Quakerism of Hobson's lifetime, he is not well understood by contemporary Friends. This dissertation therefore attempts to describe his early years and ministry and their relation to trends within American Quakerism, and to estimate his significance as the founder of Quakerism in the Pacific Northwest. The study is based on Hobson's autobiography, his diaries and sources of information not previously considered. These latter are his correspondence and personal papers, the journals of his Quaker contemporaries, public documents, school records and the official minutes of Friends Meetings to which he belonged in North Carolina, Iowa and Oregon. The new sources have made possible a biographical synthesis which presents William Hobson in a truer perspective than he has heretofore been seen. William Hobson was reared in the back-country of North Carolina under the strict standards of the Society of Friends. Educational opportunities and literature were both very limited, and arter learning to read, he had little save the Scriptures and standard works or Quakerism to study. These, in addition to two years at New Garden Boarding School, confirmed him in the beliers and customs of his ancestors. Attracted by the agricultural prospects or the Trans-Mississippi Vest and moved by a hatred or slavery, he migrated to Iowa in 1847-1848. Throughout the third quarter or the nineteenth century Hobson was a pioneer farmer and minister of Friends, journeying throughout the Friends settlements or Iowa, to North Carolina and to Kansas during the troubled days or border warfare. As an itinerant minister of Friends, his work was carried on in the quietistic spirit typical of early nineteenth century Quakerism. He welcomed the evidences of new life which came to Quakerism with the Awakening of the 1860's and 1870's, but regretted and resisted the innovations which revivalism produced. Hobson made the first of his three journeys to the Far West in 1870-1871, spending seven months surveying the Pacific Coast in the interest of establishing a Quaker settlement. Discouragement led him to conclude that Friends should stay in the Midwest, but within two years his mind was again occupied with the need for a Friends community on the Pacific Coast. In 1875-1876 he made a second journey, determined to overcome all obstacles to his projected settlement. After studying six regions in Oregon and in Washington Territory, he eventually chose the Chehalem Valley, near Portland, Oregon. As a result of his enthusiastic correspondence with Quakers throughout the Far West and Midwest, settlers began pouring into the valley, and by the time of his death in 1891, the membership of Newberg Meeting was over five hundred. William Hobson was well qualified to establish a frontier religious settlement due to his rugged physique and lifetime of experience under frontier conditions. He had a keen awareness of the material basis of a happy society, and carefully studied the resources of the Pacific Northwest before founding a settlement. Possessing the sense of community normative to Quakerism, he frankly advertised the settlement as a religious community and made it succeed as such without limiting it to Friends. The permanent value of his work is indicated in the Quaker institutions of Church, school and civil order which developed in the Chehalem Valley and which became influential throughout the Pacific Northwest.

xii, 121 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / Although women continue to make significant advancements in the workforce, there is still progress to be made to overcome biases and systems of exclusion. Since women play an increasing and influential role in the administration and leadership of higher education institutions, understanding their unique contributions is critical. In this study, qualitative methods were used to gather data on common characteristics of women leaders in higher education administration. Data were gathered from interviews with twenty women working in a cross section of professional positions at four comprehensive public universities in the Pacific Northwest. Results showed that the participants used collaboration, communication, and information sharing and addressed conflict to build relationships, establish trust, and inspire a shared vision. Most of the participants in this study indicated that they were rewarded, recognized, and supported in their positions; however, some indicated that discrimination still occurs based upon gender. / Committee in Charge: Jean Stockard, Chair; Jessica Greene; Surendra Subramani

xii, 148 p. : ill. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / The gumboot chiton Cryptochiton stelleri is the largest intertidal invertebrate herbivore on rocky shores in the Pacific Northwest. This study documented the larval development, metamorphosis, distribution and life history of this species. Growth rings in valves of Cryptochiton stelleri and Katharina tunicata were used to determine age and showed life spans of at least 40 years for C. stelleri and 17 years for K. tunicata. Field surveys in southern Oregon showed that C. stelleri populations are densest in small coves as a result of mortality, food availability, or larval retention. Growth curves based on length, weight and volume were created for several intertidal invertebrates. When incorporated into energy allocation models, length-based curves can underestimate growth and exaggerate an energetic shift from growth to reproduction. Estimates of food intake and reproductive output showed that continuous growth leads to higher food intake and increased fecundity in several organisms with indeterminate growth. / Committee in Charge: Dr. Alan L. Shanks, Chair; Dr. Cynthia D. Trowbridge; Dr. Richard B. Emlet

Taxus brevifolia Nutt., commonly known as Pacific or Western yew, is a conifer native to the Pacific Northwest of North America. Contrary to other Taxus species, T. brevifolia staminate strobili are usually located on two-year old foliage though they may occur on foliage from one to five years old. This delayed staminate strobilus development may be an adaptation to the low light environment where T. brevifolia grows. Microsporogenesis was found to occur in the fall preceding pollination. Isobilateral tetrads were visible as early as mid-October. Over-wintering staminate strobili usually contained separate microspores. In 1996 through 1999, pollination occurred in March and April in two natural forest sites on southern Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Low amounts of airborne pollen and a prolonged pollination period indicated low pollination success within T. brevifolia. Female receptivity was measured by the presence of a pollination drop and protandry up to 18 days was observed. In vitro pollen germination was moderate to good, ranging from 65% to 88%. DAPI fluorescence staining showed successful male gametophyte development in vitro. The phenology of megasporogenesis and free nuclear mitosis within the megagametophyte was variable and this development occurred anytime between early February until the end of June. One megaspore mother cell developed from the sporogenous tissue and underwent meiosis forming a linear tetrad of megaspores. Though up to three of the megaspores may be functional, the chalazal megaspore developed faster than the others and became the dominant megaspore. Cellularization of the megagametophyte began in mid-April and continues until early June. The presence of an ephemeral ventral canal nucleus was confirmed. Fertilization was observed in June in 1996. The mature egg cell cytoplasm and sperm structure was used to infer paternal inheritance of plastids and biparental inheritance of mitochondria. To examine this further, DNA was extracted from hybrid embryos of T. brevifolia and T. x media Rehd. Paternal contribution of mitochondria was confirmed using the probe rpS 14-cob. The T. x media parents produced two bands of 526 and 970 by in length, whereas the T. brevifolia parents produced only one band (526 bp). The chloroplast probes were not effective at amplifying Taxus DNA although appropriate sized bands were produced in Pinus contorta. Proembryos occurred from mid-May to mid-June. Sixteen nuclei were present before cellularization. Early embryos were present from mid-May to mid-August. Simple polyembryony was observed up to the massive embryo stage and differential growth of the embryonal cells was interpreted as incomplete cleavage polyembryony. Mid-embryos were present from mid-June to late August and had a distinct protoderm and focal zone. Late embryos were visible from mid-July onwards. Starch began accumulating at the early embryo stage, whereas, proteins and lipids accumulated in the late embryo stage. The presence of a red aril corresponded to increased amounts of lipid in the megagametophyte cells. Individual seeds matured from July until November. The seed efficiency ranged from 0% to 16% and averaged 5%. Pre-zygotic loss was the most common fate of ovules, followed by post-zygotic loss. Possible causes of this poor seed efficiency are poor pollination success, insect damage or light limitation. / Graduate

Class of 2014 Abstract / Specific Aims: To classify East Asian and Pacific countries into homogenous groups based on potential determinants of their healthcare expenditures and public health care. Methods: We used data from the 1995 to 2010 World Health Organization (WHO) database. Cluster analysis techniques were applied to identify clusters of East Asian and Pacific countries using variables identified as potential determinants of healthcare expenditures and public health care. Differences between clusters of countries were validated using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Average annual growth rate (AAGR) was calculated to study the change in trends across countries over time. Main Results: Nineteen countries with complete data were included. Of those, we identified four distinct clusters. Cluster 1 consisted of Cambodia, Laos, Mongolia, Solomon Islands, Timor-Leste and Vanuatu. Cluster 2 represented China, Myanmar, and Vietnam. Cluster 3 consisted of Fiji, Indonesia, South Korea, Malaysia and Thailand. Cluster 4 represented Micronesia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Samoa and Tonga. Health Expenditure per capita AAGR (P=0.002), infant mortality rate AAGR (P=0.018), life expectancy at birth AAGR (p=0.003), population ages 65 and above AAGR (P=0.004) and death rate (P<0.001) were found to be significantly different among the clusters. Clusters were similar based on birth rate (P=0.425) and public health expenditure (P=0.231), though there were trends of differences. Conclusion: East Asian and Pacific countries were similar based on birth rate and public health expenditure, but were different based on health expenditure per capita, infant mortality rate, life expectancy at birth, population ages 65 and above and death rate. Exploration of clusters among countries may increase the chances of success for health policies and innovations at lower costs of targeted implementation at a global level.

This study of the brown algal genus Laminaria Lamour consisted of (1) a critical review of the taxonomy and distribution of taxa of Laminaria occurring in the northeast Pacific, (2) a description of the life histories and growth patterns of long and short stipe forms of L. groenlandica and L. saccharina, (3) an evaluation of the roles of temperature, salinity, and water motion as possible determinants of local distributions of long and short stipe forms of L. groenlandica and L. saccharina, and (4) an evaluation of the roles of temperature, salinity, exposure, and submarine illumination in determining the vertical distribution of L. saccharina. These studies were made from 1961 to 1965. Ten species of Laminaria are recognized for the northeast Pacific: L. groenlandica Rosenv.; L. farlowii Setchell; L. saccharina (L.) Lamour.; L. setchellii Silva; L. dentigera Kjellman; L. longlpes Bory; L. sinclairii (Harvey ex Hooker f. et Harvey) Farlow, Anderson et_ Eaton; L. ephemera Setchell; L. yezoensis Miyabe; and L. complanata (Setchell et Gardner) Setchell. Laminaria cordata Dawson is considered conspecific with L. saccharina, L. personata Setchell and Gardner is regarded conspecific with L. yezoensis, and L. platymeris De la Pyl. (sensu Setchell and Gardner) is considered conspecific with L. groenlandica. Pour forms of L. groenlandica are recognized for the northeast Pacific. These forms are not considered as legitimate taxonomic entities but are distinguished merely to provide a means of facilitating discussion. The known habitat requirements for all ten species were broadened and the known distributions of all species, excepting L. groenlandica, were extended. Laminaria saccharina and L. groenlandica produced sori in the late spring and winter. New sporophytes of L. groenlandica appeared throughout the year, whereas those of L. saccharina appeared in late winter and early fall. Depending upon culture conditions, two morphologically distinct forms of gametophytes were produced by both species: large gametophytes were produced in conditions of high temperature and low salinity; and small gametophytes in conditions of low temperature and high salinity. Abnormal sporophytes were observed under conditions conducive to formation of large gametophytes. Patterns of growth for the blades of the two species were essentially the same.. The growth rate decreased with increase in distance from the blade base, and the position of greatest longitudinal growth coincided with the position of greatest lateral growth. The distributions of L. saccharina and the two forms of L. groenlandica about Vancouver Island were correlated with temperature, salinity, and water motion. The two forms of L. groenlandica were absent from areas of high temperature and low salinity; L. saccharina was absent from areas subjected to surf. These field conclusions were subjected to laboratory and field tests involving gametophytes and sporophytes of both species. The distributions of the two forms of L. groenlandica can be explained on the basis of temperature and salinity distributions. Both forms require low temperature and high salinity for survival. Laminaria saccharina has a wide range of tolerance to temperature and salinity. Surf appears to be the agent controlling the distribution of this species. The upper limits of L. saccharina, as observed in Burrard Inlet, are thought to-be directly related, to air temperature and insolation and indirectly related to tidal characteristics. The lower limits appear to reflect the compensation depth of this species. / Science, Faculty of / Botany, Department of / Graduate

[No abstract submitted] / Arts, Faculty of / Vancouver School of Economics / Graduate