Although efforts have been made towards improving the health of children across the globe with notable results, neonatal tetanus (NNT) remains a major contributor to the neonatal death rates in Nigeria. This problem calls for a concerted effort by the government to achieve the revised global NNT elimination deadline of 2015. The purpose of this cross-sectional quantitative study using secondary data was to establish the prevalence of NNT in Nigeria's northeast region and to ascertain if there was any significant difference in frequency of antenatal care (ANC), trained traditional birth attendants (TBAs), and umbilical cord treatments, using single sample proportions test and chi-squared tests of independence. The framework for this research was the theory of planned behavior. The participants (N = 312) were mothers of NNT babies. In spite a continual decline in the NNT cases between 2010 (26%) and 2013 (9%), the prevalence rate of NNT was unacceptably high at 28.815%. Also, significant differences existed as mothers who gave birth to NNT babies received significantly fewer or no ANC (p < 0.001), received significantly fewer or no attention from TBAs (p < 0.001), and reported significantly fewer incidences of proper umbilical cord treatments (p < 0.001). The chi-squared tests of independence resulted in significant differences in the frequencies of mothers who received ANC between Nigerian provinces (p < 0.001) and mothers who had their baby's umbilical cord treated (p = 0.005). This study will contribute to social change by guiding health care policy makers and immunization program managers on maternal and newborn health care services and indicate ways to build capacity of the TBAs for safe home delivery/hygienic handling of umbilical cord of newborns.

Ajzen’s theory of planned behavior (TPB) has been used to help predict and explain human behavior in specific situations. According to the TPB model, behavior is based on behavioral intention and the three determinants to behavioral intention include attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control. According to TPB, perceived behavioral control moderates the effect of behavioral intentions on behavior. Previous research has focused on the application of TPB to health behaviors, although some research has been done in educational situations. In addition, dual language immersion (DLI) programs are increasing in popularity, particularly in Utah. The Utah model begins in first grade, and follows a 50/50 model. Because of its researched based program, Utah has become a recognized leader in the field of DLI through its focus on sufficient instruction time, active cognitive engagement, motivation, continuity of learning, and cultural interaction. However, little is known about the factors that motivate parents to enroll their children in DLI. The current study uses longitudinal survey methodology to evaluate how the TPB applies to parents’ intentions and behavior of enrollment in DLI (N = 74). Approximately one third of participants took steps towards enrollment. Results indicate that parental attitudes significantly influenced behavioral intentions to enroll. In addition, for every one-unit increase in behavioral intentions, there was a 2.78 greater likelihood in enrollment. Limitations of sample size and difficulties of recruitment are discussed. Implications of the findings and areas for future research are also presented.

Background: During a woman's pregnant state, a diet that is adequate in nutrition is critical to the developing fetus, especially in the lower socioeconomic status population. The healthcare provider is charged with the acute fundamental awareness of this additional factor that can grossly impact pregnancy. Nutritional advice from the health care provider is one of many key points that contribute to the successful outcome of the pregnancy. Purpose: The purpose of this quality improvement project was to develop a standardized, evidence-based practice (EBP) protocol for the management of maternal nutrition, gestational weight gain, and physical activity for provider use at an LSE community clinic. Theoretical Framework: Theory of Planned Behavior Methods: After receiving institutional support for the implementation of the protocol presentation and instruction of the Maternal Nutrition Guideline, pre- and post-surveys were administered to eligible participants. A quantitative descriptive design was used for the project. Results: There were twenty-six respondents for both the pre-and post-survey. The data analysis revealed that two questions revealed the most significant increase between the pre-and post-survey occasions utilizing the Mann-Whitney test and related to physical activity during pregnancy and dietary intake. An independent sample t-test was performed to compare the two occasions. There was a tendency for an increase in the the total score between the pre-and post-surveys, but the difference did not reach statistical significance, which may be related to sample size (t24df = 1.782, p =0.087). Conclusion: A standardized, evidence-based nutritional guideline is a necessary tool to serve as a consistent resource and empower all health care providers to bring awareness and understanding to facilitate positive outcomes to the obstetric patient population for which they care.

Background: Implementation of evidence-based knowledge in healthcare is challenging with success rates less than optimal at times. This is particularly true in the area of pressure ulcer prevention. Attention to use of the affective domain in educational interventions to implement best practices may be part of the solution. Purpose: The ultimate purpose of this study was to compare the use of two different educational interventions on medical-surgical nurses' behavioral intent to use evidence-based practice in preventing pressure ulcers. Theoretical Framework: The theoretical framework for this study was the theory of planned behavior. Methods: This study proceeded in three phases and collected both qualitative and quantitative data for instrument development and instrument testing. The resultant instrument was used to collect data for hypothesis testing in a cluster randomized experiment. Results: The theory of planned behavior was not fully supported in this study. Attitudes toward pressure ulcers were predictive of behavioral intent. Nurses who experienced the affective domain educational intervention showed significant improvements over the control group on attitude and perceived behavioral control. Behavioral intent and subjective norm were not impacted. Conclusions: A reliable and valid theory of planned behavior derived instrument was created. The theory of planned behavior was partially supported. An affective domain intervention has the potential to favorably impact nurses in valuing pressure ulcer prevention, despite any barriers.

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Empowered by the internet and eWOM, online consumption community members now have a greater impact while considering customers’ purchase intentions. This qualitative study intends to examine the factors that impact these community members’ purchase intentions, by addressing the research question: How do internal behavioral and value creation factors impact customers’ purchase intentions in an online consumption community? Moreover, this study proposes a research model of purchase intention in an online consumption community inspired by the theory of planned behavior. As this study considers investigating human behaviors in the online sphere, a netnographic research design is applied. Utilizing the CAQDAS software NVivo 14, the study highlights the nine most engaging factors that impact the community members’ purchase intentions differently. Based on the findings, this study finally offers a research model that can be used in a similar research context.

The purpose of this case study was to explore the factors that influence Black students' decisions to participate in study abroad programs. This study took place at a large, public, Predominantly White Institution in the southeastern United States. Three theories formed a conceptual framework to guide this study, including Critical Race Theory, Theory of Planed Behavior, and Astin's Input-Environment-Output Model. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 5 Black study abroad alumni, which revealed 6 themes of influential factors in making decisions to participate in study abroad: (a) familiarity, (b) finance, (c) family, (d) faculty, (e) fear, and (f) finish.

Sharing automated vehicles (AVs) is a possible future, where shared automated vehicles (SAVs) and pooled automated vehicles (PooledAVs) are prospective on-demand AV configurations. While SAVs and PooledAVs can contribute to the sustainability of transport systems, the success of on-demand AVs depends on whether and how the public adopts them as regular travel modes. As such, this dissertation investigates five objectives: (1) to scrutinize the essential steps of designing a future mobility survey , while the primary focus of the survey is on respondents’ intentions to adopt various AV configurations (2) to propose and validate a theoretical model for on-demand AV adoption by extending the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), (3) to identify the prospective use cases of SAVs as the potential precursor of on-demand AVs, (4) to identify individual characteristics that may trigger different behavioral intentions among the on-demand AV service types, and finally (5) to investigate Canadians’ intentions to adopt on-demand AVs. A nationwide Canadian survey was designed and administered in fall 2021 (n = 5002) among adults (18 to 75 years old) residing in six major Canadian metropolitan areas: Toronto, Vancouver, Ottawa-Gatineau, Montréal, Calgary, and Hamilton. The findings of this dissertation paint a complex picture of on-demand AV adoption in the Canadian context with respect to the application of constructs from common technology adoption models and will help researchers investigating the characteristics of prospective consumers of on-demand AVs to identify the importance of affective motivations regarding adopting such emerging travel modes. The results reveal that many Canadians are yet either uncertain or reluctant to adopt AV technology in shared mobility services. In this light, policymakers and planners should adjust and moderate their expectations regarding the future market for on-demand AVs and be prepared for potential changes in travel behavior by examining incremental changes in existing on-demand ride-hailing services. / Dissertation / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / This dissertation assesses the conditions under which Canadians are willing to use fully automated vehicles (AVs) and investigates public perceptions and intentions to use “automated ride-hailing services,” which function as a taxi or Uber/Lyft service without a driver, and “pooled automated ride-hailing services,” which are a form of ride-hailing services, where passengers share a ride with someone they do not know to save on the cost of travel. To this end, an online survey (n = 5002) was designed and administered in October and November 2021 across six major Canadian metropolitan areas: Toronto, Vancouver, Ottawa-Gatineau, Montreal, Calgary, and Hamilton. Overall, results suggest that expectations towards AVs suddenly transforming the entire transportation sector, should be moderated and “automated ride-hailing services” and “pooled automated ride-hailing services” (when they are available in the entire Canadian market) are likely to be adopted as a supplementary mobility tool rather than a substitution for current travel modes.

The Covid-19 pandemic outbreak has caused social destruction all across the world. In this thesis, we focus on the impact of Covid-19 on online consumer behavior. Understanding whatis generating these behavioral changes among online shoppers is essential, but it is even moreimportant to investigate and assess if these behavioral changes will persist among onlineshoppers beyond the pandemic. In this study, the primary objective is to examine changes inthe online consumer behavior of the Swedish ready-made clothing industry in response toCovid-19 and determine if these changes will affect future online shopping intentions using thetheory of planned behavior. We thus pay attention to three key components: subjective norms,attitudes, and behavioral controls. We conducted a qualitative study and gathered rich insightsthrough 10 semi-structured interviews with online clothing shoppers in Sweden. The findingsdemonstrate that participants' intentions to shop online in the future are predominantly impactedby factors such as perceived behavioral control, attitude toward behavior, and media, rather thansubjective norms factors like family and friends. Furthermore, in the post-pandemic era,behavioral patterns related to online clothes purchases have changed significantly due to issuesassociated with Covid-19.