1 Abstract (in English) The aim of this diploma thesis is the discourse analysis of polish daily newspapers' portrayals of the so-called Velvet Revolution in Czechoslovakia in the last days of 1989. I have focused the analysis on following sources of articles: the articles from the Trybuna Ludu, Życie Warszawy and the polish press agency PAP, Gazeta Wyborcza and Chicago based newspapers of polish community Dziennik Związkowy. Theoretic part is composed of the history of analyzed period, the characterization of the polish media market in the 80s and the theory of propaganda, newspeak and media discourse. In the practical part of this thesis there is the media discourse analysis of the content of the chosen articles. Keywords (in English) Velvet Revolution, Daily Newspapers, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Media Image of the World, Propaganda

(in English) The aim of this diploma thesis is the discourse analysis of polish daily newspapers' portrayals of the so-called Velvet Revolution in Czechoslovakia in the last days of 1989. I have focused the analysis on every category of newspapers, which were officially published in Poland at that time. The selected questions are analyzed according to methods, which are mentioned in the theoretical part of this thesis, and everything is set into a historical context. Theoretic part is composed of the history of that period, the characterization of the polish media market in the 80s and the theory of propaganda, newspeak and discourse. In the practical part of this thesis there is the analysis which was made by the quantitative and qualitative method. The chief contribution is the determination of the exact quantity of the articles in monitored daily newspapers, the analysis of selected topics and the answers on the selected questions related to the role of propaganda, the differences (state vs. independent media; polish vs. american-polish newspapers; regional newspapers from northern Poland vs. southern Poland) among the articles in selected newspapers and the theme-orientation articles in the newspapers intended for soldiers, Catholics or teenagers. The main intention of the practical part is to...

From 1948 to 1989, the newspaper Rudé právo was the central press authority of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. Its content that was presented to the public, was ideologically focused in accordance with the current propaganda line of the Communist Party. After the Velvet Revolution in 1989, the situation began to change and, above all, domestic political content began to go through considerable change. This thesis analyzes the domestic political articles that were published in the Rudé právo during 1989 - eleven months before the Velvet Revolution and the period after the Velvet Revolution until the end of 1989. This work captures what topics the texts dealt with, which topics were preferred and which were neglected. The thesis also captures and describes how and when exactly the content of the paper began to change, how the attitudes of editors and the tone of the texts has being changed, which new topics began to appear in the press and how the language and rhetoric of the newspaper have changed.

This diploma thesis from the field of contemporary history evaluates the effect of being a publicly well-known and widely popular person on the overall functioning of their family and individual life stories of other family members. The closest relatives of the actor Petr Čepek were selected for the research purposes of this thesis. The methodological framework of the thesis is composed of the family memory, or the collective memory of Maurice Halbwachs. Petr Čepek was a significant persona of the second half of the twentieth century in the field od Czechoslovak theatre and film. He was at the origin of the phenomenon of Činoherní klub and played an active role in the November 1989 events. His premature death is connected with the film Lekce Faust. The thesis maps out the life stories of individual members of his family, which also serves as an insight into the family life side by side a popular person. .

This diploma thesis deals with the problematics of revolutions. Namely with various interpretations of Velvet revolution in Czechoslovakia. First part tries to outline historical development of theories of revolution. The Research of revolutions undergone several generations and shifts of interests. This work tries to map the evolution from the oldest modern authors to the current ones and describe their points of view and how they approach revolutions. In second part, there are presented various views on Velvet revolution in Czechoslovakia. First, they are presented schematically and put in context, then they are described in detail. These interpretations are based on various assumptions and see Velvet revolution from various angles. In Third part the various interpretations are juxtaposed and are described, respectively their view of three aspects of Velvet revolution - causes, process and outcomes of revolution. These various views are then commented by using authors of general theories of revolutions. The goal of this approach is to enable better understanding of Velvet revolution, by sharpening the contures of the whole proces and also show the possibilities of use of general theories of revolution. Key words: revolution, theory of revolution, Velvet revolution, causes, process, outcomes

The theme of the diploma thesis is the image of Czech film and its criticism in the post- revolutionary period. The view of Czech cinematography in the 1990s is showed by professional reflection in the magazine Film a doba, traditional periodical published since 1955. The analysis reflects the form of critical pieces and the state of Czech film under the influence of new possibilities and production conditions in 1990-1999. The development of Czech cinematography is illustrated in the theoretical part with the help of literature, essays and critics. The paper also finds an answer to the question of how domestic cinematography and its criticism used an opportunity for development and whether it was successful. The research also includes external influences such as the gradual development of multiplexis, the privatization of film studios and the interest in films by Czech viewers under the influence of foreign titles.

The diploma thesis focuses on the perception of the personality of Jan Palach by the inhabitants of the town of Všetaty. People of different generations, gender and education who shared his place of birth or residence with him. The whole study is based on a thorough heuristic work, which helped to draw the historical context. However, the emphasis is put mainly on the subjective statements of the addressed narrators, processed by years of proven methodological procedures of oral history. The focus is given to ordinary people who do not have direct family or friendly ties to Jan Palach. And because he himself wanted to snatch just such an ordinary Czechoslovak citizen from post-occupation lethargy, the study focuses on the degree of direct or indirect influence on the lives of the narrators.

The goal of this work is to describe (on the basis of archival sources, topical newspapers and magazines, legal enactments and interviews with personal observers) the emergence of the first private radio station in Eastern Bohemia in the beginning of nineties. This is seen as an example of wider transformation processes within the whole Czech media area. The state owned and controlled electronic media were substituted by private (mostly commercial) media and the statutory public-service broadcaster.

Main goal of this thesis is research of everyday life specifics in Cheb region as a region on the west border of the former Czechoslovak Socialist Republic and eventual interception of these specifics in regional or national press in last twenty years before the Velvet Revolution. The base for the research became the weekly magazine Hraničář as the only regional newspaper published throughout the whole studied period and the research was conducted using searches of the sample chosen in advance (years 1970, 1971, 1980, 1981, 1989, 1990). Any predicative facts about the local newspapers, the composition of the editorial staff and possible editors impact (respectively presumed inability to influence) on the newspaper content in a system of directive management and reflections of the Chebsko region as a border region in the immediate vicinity of the Iron Curtain were of interest of the research. The core of the work is to draw a picture of everyday life of "ordinary" citizens of the region with regard to the above facts and focusing on different aspects of life in society such as the local economy, agriculture or cultural, sport and social life in the city. The thesis also deals with the editions and contents of the newspaper during the periods of anniversaries of essential historical events (e.g....

1989年中東歐政局發生重大變化，波蘭、匈牙利與捷克斯洛伐克共黨在社會團體與民運人士大規模抗議下交出政權，結束此區域長久以來的共黨統治。1991年斯洛維尼亞正式脫離南斯拉夫，波海三國亦獲獨立，中東歐新興國家開始民主轉型。本文首先探討促成1989年中東歐民主革命的外部因素，如較和緩的國際情勢、蘇共自由化政策、美國及國際組織援助等，接著以捷克為個案，分析外部因素對絲絨革命及民主化之作用。 赫爾辛基最後議定書等關於民主與人權的文件，鼓舞了七七憲章之草擬；波蘭與匈牙利的政局變化，對捷克斯洛伐克產生示範作用，異議人士、環保團體或宗教力量跨國串連，輔以西方媒體作用，是絲絨革命動員的契機。與1968年受華約軍隊鎮壓的布拉格之春相比，絲絨革命得以成功，蘇共總書記Mikhail Gorbachev (Михаил Горбачёв)放棄干涉中東歐國家內政是重要關鍵，強硬的捷共政府因而失去壓制國內民主訴求的正當性。 此後捷克「回歸歐洲」外交走向，使歐安組織、歐洲理事會與美國運用民主、人權規範及各項援助，深化其轉型程度。北約和歐盟以會籍作為條件設定，直接或間接散播民主規範，並透過捷克當地政治菁英及政黨，歐盟外部治理成功使人民對歐洲化及歐盟產生認同。2003年入盟公投通過後，歐盟外部治理有了民意基礎，影響力更為強化，主導捷克民主發展。 / In 1989 the unexpected enormous democratic revolutions in Central and Eastern European countries led to the crash of the communist governments in Poland, Hungary and Czechoslovakia. Two years later, officially departing from Yugoslavia, Slovenia started its own democratic transition, and the Baltic states also attained independence from the Soviet Union. First of all, we would like to discuss the external factors triggering the democratic revolutions in this area in 1989, such as the less tense international circumstances, the liberal reforms of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, and the assistance from the US and the relative international organizations. Then the discussion goes further to the case of the Czech Republic to make it clear how external factors affected the Velvet Revolution and how democratic values were promoted in the Czech Republic. The Helsinki Final Act, announced for democracy and the human rights in 1975, inspired the publication of Charter 77. The political change in Poland and Hungary turned into demonstration effect on Czech politics. Besides, the transnational connection of dissidents or the religion groups, and the western media both facilitated the mobilization for a democratic regime. Compared to the Prague Spring of 1968, crushed by the invading Soviet troops, the success of the Velvet Revolution was largely contributed by Mikhail Gorbachev’s decision not to interfere in the internal affairs in this area. Thus, the Czech communist government lost its legitimacy to suppress democratic campaigns. With the slogan “Return to Europe,” Czech Republic had made it possible for international activists including OSCE, COE and the US to impose their influences on Czech’s transition to democracy. In the accession process to the EU/ NATO, western activists spread democracy norms into the Czech Republic directly or indirectly by conditionality. Through local political elites and political parties, the EU successfully built Czech people’s identity toward EU by its external governance. Meanwhile, the positive result of Czech’s EU entry referendum in 2003 even strengthened EU’s influence as a leading external role in Czech’s democratization after the Velvet Revolution.