<p>As one of the highest fatalities causes, traffic accidents and collisions always requires a large amounteffort to be reduced or prevented from occur. Traffic safety management routines therefore always needefficient and effective implementation due to the variations of traffic, especially from trafficengineering point of view apart from driver education.Traffic Accident Prediction Model, considered as one of the handy tool of traffic safety management,has become of well followed with interested. Although it is believed that traffic accidents are mostlycaused by human factors, these accident prediction models would help from traffic engineering point ofview to enlarge the traffic safety level of road segments. This thesis is aiming for providing a guidelineof the accident prediction model implementation in traffic safety management, regarding to trafficengineering field. Discussion about how this prediction models should merge into the existing routinesand how well these models would perform would be given. As well, cost benefit analysis of theimplementation would be at the end of this thesis. Meanwhile, a practical field study would bepresented in order to show the procedures of the implementation of traffic accident prediction model.The field study is about this commercial model set SafeNET, from TRL Limited UK, implemented inRoad Safety Audit procedures combined with microscopic simulation tool. Detailed processing andinput and output data will be given accompany with the countermeasures for accident frequencyreduction finalization.</p>

As one of the highest fatalities causes, traffic accidents and collisions always requires a large amounteffort to be reduced or prevented from occur. Traffic safety management routines therefore always needefficient and effective implementation due to the variations of traffic, especially from trafficengineering point of view apart from driver education.Traffic Accident Prediction Model, considered as one of the handy tool of traffic safety management,has become of well followed with interested. Although it is believed that traffic accidents are mostlycaused by human factors, these accident prediction models would help from traffic engineering point ofview to enlarge the traffic safety level of road segments. This thesis is aiming for providing a guidelineof the accident prediction model implementation in traffic safety management, regarding to trafficengineering field. Discussion about how this prediction models should merge into the existing routinesand how well these models would perform would be given. As well, cost benefit analysis of theimplementation would be at the end of this thesis. Meanwhile, a practical field study would bepresented in order to show the procedures of the implementation of traffic accident prediction model.The field study is about this commercial model set SafeNET, from TRL Limited UK, implemented inRoad Safety Audit procedures combined with microscopic simulation tool. Detailed processing andinput and output data will be given accompany with the countermeasures for accident frequencyreduction finalization.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2003. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 73-82).

Ombord på fartyg är det inte önskvärt att få strömavbrott, en så kallad blackout. Examensarbetet har undersökt i vilken utsträckning det är möjligt att utföra jämförande och förebyggande studier med haverirapporter från europeiska flaggstater som underlag. Detta för att undersöka återkommande brister, på fartyg eller i arbetet ombord som har orsakat blackout. Dessutom har även möjligheterna till att kunna kategorisera fallen undersökts. Kategorierna var tekniskt fel, operativt fel och organisationsfel. I ungefär häften av fallen gick det inte att kategorisera en blackout till ett fel, eftersom det annars var en kombination av fel. Däremot finns återkommande fel där händelseförloppen är väldigt lika. Till exempel var heta ytor inte korrekt isolerade, vilket resulterade i brand vid bränsleläckage. Undersökningen visar att det finns en bristfällig symmetri i rapporteringen av haveri med avseende på språk, struktur, omfattning och publiceringsform. Brister fanns även på sökfunktionerna i databaserna. / On board vessels it is not desirable to have a power failure, a so-called blackout. The thesis has investigated to what extent it is feasible to perform comparative and preventive studies with the accident reports from European flag states as a basis. This in order to investigate recurring shortcomings, of the vessels or in the work on board that has caused the blackout. In addition the possibility to categorize the cases was investigated. The categories were technical errors, operational errors and organization errors. Roughly half of the cases show that a single category of fault could not be identified due to a combination of faults leading to the blackout. However there are recurring cases with almost identical scenarios. For example unsatisfactory insulation caused fires due to leaking fuel hitting the hot surfaces. The survey shows that there is a lack of symmetry regarding the language used, structure, scope and form of publication. It also showed faults in the search engines of the databases.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2005. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2002. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2002. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Lic.-avh. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2005. / Härtill 2 uppsatser.

Orientador: Ildeberto Muniz de Almeida / Banca: Maria Cecilia Pereira Binder / Banca: Rodolfo Andrade de Gouveia Vilela / Resumo: Estudar as análises dos acidentes do trabalho em prensas realizadas por Auditores Fiscais do Trabalho e armazenadas no banco de dados do Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego (MTE). Conhecer os fatores causais dos acidentes com prensas analisados pela auditoria fiscal do trabalho, visando subsidiar medidas para a prevenção de acidentes e estudar as referidas análises, buscando contribuir para o aperfeiçoamento do sistema de informações de análises de acidentes do MTE. As informações das análises de acidentes com prensas armazenadas no banco de dados do MTE foram tratadas e estudadas, possibilitando que os fatores causais inseridos pelos analistas fossem identificados. Ademais, as descrições dos respectivos acidentes foram analisadas, permitindo ao autor reclassificar os fatores causais e compará-los com aqueles inseridos pelos auditores no sistema. Foram estudadas 148 análises armazenadas no banco de dados do MTE no Brasil, sendo 71 no Estado de São Paulo, no período de 2001 a 2006. A média de fatores causais por análise em São Paulo foi de 3,73 e nos demais Estados foi de 5,35. Nas análises realizadas no Estado de São Paulo e nos demais Estados, a ausência/inadequação de sistema ou de dispositivo de proteção por concepção (12,45%, 14,32%) e o modo operatório perigoso ou inadequado à segurança (8,68%, 7,52%) foram os fatores causais mais freqüentes. Na classificação realizada pelo autor, a partir das descrições dos auditores, a ausência/ inadequação de sistema ou de dispositivo de proteção por concepção e o modo operatório perigoso ou inadequado à segurança corresponderam, respectivamente, a 18,44% e 15,57% nos demais Estados e 21,97% e 14,35% no Estado de São Paulo. As prensas mecânicas excêntricas de engate por chaveta foram aquelas mais envolvidas nos acidentes... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Studying the analyses of the labor accidents in presses performed by Labor Inspectors and stored in the database of the Labor Ministry (MTE). Knowing the casual factors of the accidents with presses accomplished by the labor inspection, aiming to subsidize measures in order to prevent accidents and to study the referred analyses looking for contributions on the improvement of the information system of analyses of accidents of MTE. The information of the analyses of accidents with presses stored in the database of MTE were treated and studied, making it possible for the causal factors inserted by the analysts to be identified. Besides, the descriptions of the respective accidents were analyzed, allowing the author to re-classify those factors and compare them to the ones inserted in the system by the inspectors. 148 analyses stored in the database of MTE in Brazil were studied and from them, 71 were studied in the State of São Paulo from 2001 to 2006. The average of causal factors in the State of São Paulo was 3,73 by accident and in the other States of Brazil was of 5,35. In the analyses performed the State of São Paulo and in the other States, the absence or system inadequacy or of protection device for conception (12,45%, 14,32%) plus either the dangerous or inadequate operative way to safety (8,68%, 7,52%) were the most frequent casual factors. Based on the inspectors' descriptions, in the classification performed by the author, the absence or system inadequacy or of protection device for conception plus either the dangerous or inadequate operative way to safety corresponded respectively to 18,44% and 15,57% in the other States of Brazil and 21,97% and 14,35% in the State of São Paulo. The eccentric mechanic clamp presses for cotter were the most involved ones in accidents. Most of the analyses studied were related... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

O objetivo geral desta tese foi conceber uma sistemática para elaborar um plano de prevenção, a partir do delineamento das falhas humanas, com a finalidade de minimizar os acidentes numa organização. Essa sistemática está baseada no pressuposto de que as organizações podem aprender com os acidentes, e que estes não são decorrentes de comportamentos inapropriados dos trabalhadores, mas consequência de um contexto organizacional desfavorável, e nos conceitos provenientes dos erros ativos e das condições latentes, propostos como fatores causais de um acidente. Para se alcançar tal objetivo, foi realizada revisão bibliográfica acerca dos assuntos pertinentes e, a partir deste estudo, foi concebida a proposta inicial da sistemática para, em seguida, submetê-la a um estudo de caso. A revisão de literatura abordou as teorias sobre como os acidentes acontecem, qual a participação do erro humano nestes eventos, quais os tipos de erros, como eles se manifestam e quais as técnicas de prevenção. Além disso, a revisão de literatura permitiu avaliar o Sistema de Análise e Classificação de Fatores Humanos (HFACS), técnica desenvolvida para identificar e classificar os erros humanos, de forma ordenada, percebendo-se que este sistema possui limitações e que as técnicas de prevenção enfatizam ações centradas na segurança operacional, não abrangendo outros níveis na organização. A proposta inicial da sistemática foi concebida em dois módulos: o de Investigação, que visa entender como a organização conduz o processo de análise dos acidentes e determinar os principais erros ativos e as condições latentes, por meio de múltiplas fontes de evidência, baseando-se nas categorias e subcategorias do sistema HFACS e com a utilização de entrevistas com grupos focados e de observação não-participante; e o módulo de Prevenção, o qual procura, juntamente com a equipe gerencial da empresa, determinar ações de prevenção estratégicas para a organização. Com os resultados empíricos obtidos, foi possível avaliar o emprego da sistemática numa concessionária de energia elétrica, detectando-se pontos de melhorias e estabelecendo a versão final da mesma, além de se definir parâmetros de como aplicá-la. Constatou-se, também, que a sistemática possibilita, por meio do cenário dos erros ativos e das condições latentes, visualizar setores que necessitam intervenções na área de segurança, auxiliando, dessa forma, este setor na organização, além de permitir avaliar o desempenho da Gestão do Sistema de Segurança e Saúde do Trabalho (GSST) da empresa. / The object of this thesis was to conceive a framework to develop a prevention plan, based on the outlining of human errors, in order to minimize accidents in organizations. This work is based on the assumption that organizations can learn from accidents, and that these are not due to workers inappropriate behavior, but because of an unfavorable organizational context; and on concepts originated from active errors and latent conditions proposed as casual factors in an accident. To reach such object, we reviewed literature on relevant subjects and from that study the original proposal of the system was conceived and subjected to a case study. The literature review approached the theories on how accidents happen, the role of human errors in such events types of errors concerned, how they manifest themselves in accidents and which are the prevention techniques. In addition, the literature review allowed, an evaluation of the Human Factor Analysis Classification System – HFACS, a framework developed to identify and classify human error, in an orderly manner, but with limitations; and prevention techniques are centered on operational safety, not involving other levels of the organizations. The initial framework proposal was designed in two modules: the Research Module, aiming to understand how the organization conducts the process of analysis of accidents, and to determine the main active errors and latent conditions using multiple sources of evidence based on the categories and subcategories of the HFACS, on interviews applied to focused groups and on non-participant observation; and the Prevention Module, which aims to determine prevention strategies for the organization, together with their management team. With the results attained in the case study, it was possible to evaluate performance the framework in an electric utility company, detect improvement points, establish its final version and set the parameters on how to apply it. It was also noted that, by means of the active errors and the latent condition settings, this framework is able to help the sectors of a company as it displays where assistance in the security field is needed; besides allowing the organization to evaluate the management performance of the Safety and Health at Work System.