This thesis examined several possible explanations for young bilingual children's code-mixing: the unitary language system (ULS) hypothesis, parental rates of code-mixing, parental discourse strategies in response to children's code-mixing, and children's language dominance. These explanations were examined in six French-English bilingual children, observed between the ages of 18 and 30 months. They were observed separately in interaction with each of their parents. The results showed that the ULS hypothesis cannot explain children's language use. Similarly, parental input could not explain children's code-mixing. In contrast, children's dominance was shown to be the best explanation of their code-mixing. It was suggested that bilingual children are particularly likely to code-mix when they do not know a translation equivalent. These results suggest that bilingual children's code-mixing is largely due to performance factors rather than underlying competence.

Baseband processing is an important and computationally heavy part of modern mobile cellular systems. These systems use specialized hardware that has many digital signal processing cores and hardware accelerators. The algorithms that run on these systems are complexand needs to take advantage of this hardware. Developing software for these systems requires domain knowledge about baseband processing and low level programming on parallel real time systems. This thesis investigates if the programming language Julia can be used to implement algorithms for baseband processing in mobile telephony base stations. If it is possible to use a scientific language like Julia to directly implement programs for the special hardware in the base stations it can reduce lead times and costs. In this thesis a uplink receiver is implemented in Julia. This implementation is written usinga domain specific language. This makes it possible to specify a number of transformations that use the metaprogramming capabilities in Julia to transform the uplink receiver such that it is better suited to execute on the hardware described above. This is achieved by transforming the program such that it consists of functions that either can be executed on single digital signal processing cores or hardware accelerators. It is concluded that Julia seems suited for prototyping baseband processing algorithms. Using metaprogramming to transform a baseband processing algorithm to be better suited for baseband processing hardware is also a feasible approach.

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Code search is an integral part of software development and program comprehension. The difficulty of code search lies in the inability to guess the exact words used in the code. Therefore, it is crucial for keyword-based code search to expand queries with semantically related words, e.g., synonyms and abbreviations, to increase the search effectiveness. However, it is limited to rely on resources such as English dictionaries and WordNet to obtain semantically related words in software, because many words that are semantically related in software are not semantically related in English. On the other hand, many words that are semantically related in English are not semantically related in software. This thesis proposes a simple and general technique to automatically infer semantically re- lated words (referred to as rPairs) in software by leveraging the context of words in comments and code. In addition, we propose a ranking algorithm on the rPair results and study cross-project rPairs on two sets of software with similar functionality, i.e., media browsers and operating sys- tems. We achieve a reasonable accuracy in nine large and popular code bases written in C and Java. Our further evaluation against the state of art shows that our technique can achieve a higher precision and recall. In addition, the proposed ranking algorithm improves the rPair extraction accuracy by bringing correct rPairs to the top of the list. Our cross-project study successfully discovers overlapping rPairs among projects of similar functionality and finds that cross-project rPairs are more likely to be correct than project-specific rPairs. Since the cross-project rPairs are highly likely to be general for software of the same type, the discovered overlapping rPairs can benefit other projects of the same type that have not been anaylyzed.

Bakgrund: Code of Conduct är ett verktyg som används i syfte att förbättra arbete med Corporate Social Responsibility. Det kan beskrivas som en regelsamling för hur företag ska agera i olika situationer och kan ses som ett instrument för att skapa en socialt ansvarsfull kultur. Code of Conduct berör områden som socialt ansvar och miljö. Forskning ifrågasätter huruvida företag använder sin Code of Conduct i PR-syfte eller om företag använder den för att göra gott i samhället. Det finns svårigheter att säkerhetsställa att leverantörer lever upp till företags CoC och vad konsekvenserna blir för de leverantörer som inte efterlever denna. Syfte: Syftet är att undersöka varför företag arbetar med en CoC.  Detta för att öka kunskapen kring vad företagen gör för att fylla gapet mellan uttalad CoC och leverantörers grad av efterlevnad, samt undersöka vilka konsekvenser som uppstår vid avsaknad av efterlevnad. Metod: Studien är av kvalitativ art och har utförts genom en flerfallstudie. Fyra företag har studerats med hjälp av en semistrukturerad intervju på respektive företag. Urvalet av företag är ett bekvämlighetsurval. Studien har ett postpositvistiskt synsätt och använder sig av abduktion som angreppssätt. Slutsats: Anledningar till användandet av CoC varierar mellan olika företag. Gemensamt är att företag använder sig av en CoC för att förbättra människans välbefinnande. Det kvarstår fortfarande om detta främst är i PR-syfte eller ej. För att säkerhetsställa leverantörers leverlevnad av CoC används främst revisioner i olika utformande. Bryter leverantörer mot de krav som ställs i en CoC leder detta till två huvudkonsekvenser, handlingsplaner och avslutade samarbeten.

Individual Sewers in Nordmalings Municipality – Evaluation of Factors when Prioritizing Inventory Areas and Demands of Individual Sewers The purpose of this study was to examine what to consider when prioritising inventory areas for individual sewers, as well as how an inventory should be initiated in Nordmalings municipality. The information was gathered by studying legislation, documents by government agencies, maps and by conducting a questionnaire survey. The study showed that the demands on individual sewers must be separately determined in every individual case. Sewer system shall have further wastewater treatment than only septic tanks, for example an infiltration plant. The demands should be determined by the protection level of the Environmental Protection Agency's guidelines (NFS 2006:7) for small sewage systems for domestic wastewater. The areas demanding a high level of protection are sensitive to emissions from individual sewers. Such areas can for example be Natura 2000, bathing places and water that is sensitive to eutrophication. The questionnaire was sent to 85 property owners and 64 of them responded. The majority of the ones with permanent housing had septic tanks (90.5 %) and an infiltration plant (60.0 %). The questionnaire indicated that the majority of the individual sewers were acceptable but that a significant part may have serious flaws. Prioritisation of inventory areas can be based on the areas that need high level of protection. Based on these results, coastal areas in Nordmalings municipality should be prioritised for an inventory of individual sewers.

The purpose of this study was to explore social work practitioner familiarity with and interpretation of the 2005 Canadian Association of Social Workers (CASW) Code of Ethics (“Code”) to determine whether specific sections of the existing Code enable social work practitioners to deliver ethical service in uniquely-situated geographical locations in northern Manitoba. A qualitative research style with exploratory methodology was employed in this study. In-person interviews were conducted with six social workers who have practiced in a northern Manitoba setting for at least three years post- graduation. Once given the opportunity to read and interpret the 2005 Code, five of six respondents reported that the intent of the Code is reflective of their practice, an apparent contradiction between how they described their understanding of the intent of the Code versus their practice realities. All reported that dual roles and potential conflicts of interest are very difficult to avoid when practicing social work in the North. Other key findings indicate that the study participants believe that social workers in the North: are not familiar with the 2005 Code; have a lack of education, knowledge, discussion and accessibility in this Code, and find there is a lack of application of this Code in practice environments. The emergence of the Manitoba College of Social Workers (MCSW), through legislation, will require that all practicing social workers adhere to the 2005 Code of Ethics. All six participants reported factors in northern, rural, remote and isolated environments that affect his/her ability to adhere to the 2005 Code. When social workers are required to register to use the title of Social Worker, the MCSW will be in a position to recognize the environmental factors of practicing in northern, rural, remote and isolated environments. MCSW may choose to consider that, where social workers are required to adhere to the 2005 Code, it may not be feasible in northern, rural, remote and isolated practice areas due to specific factors that have been identified throughout this study. In future studies, consideration and flexibility on behalf of the Psychology/Sociology Research Ethics Board (PSREB) may be necessary in order to ensure that research subjects are protected versus the need to understand, through research, the realities of social work practice. Secondly, researchers interested in expanding or replicating the findings of this study may choose to consider the disclosure and provision of the interview questions prior to the actual interviews. Additionally, future research to review ethical practice in the social work profession would facilitate a broader understanding of whether all social workers practice under existing requirements set out in current MIRSW by-laws and, in the future, provincial legislation that is applicable to every social worker in Manitoba. This study was limited to six participants. Broader research to more fully investigate the practical realities of applying the 2005 Code in northern environments could inform how the new legislation is implemented.

Computing has reached a point where it is visible in almost every aspect of one’s daily activities. Consider, for example, a typical household. There will be a desktop computer, game console, tablet computer, and smartphones built using different types of processors and instruction sets. To support the pervasive and heterogeneous nature of computing there has been many advances in programming languages, hardware features, and increasingly complex software systems. One task that is shared by all people who work with software is the need to develop a concrete understanding of foreign code so that tasks such as bug fixing, feature implementation, and security audits can be conducted. To do this tools are needed to help present the code in a manner that is conducive to comprehension and allows for knowledge to be transferred. Current tools for program comprehension are aimed at high-level languages and do not provide a platform for assembly code comprehension that is extensible both in terms of the supported environment as well as the supported analysis. This thesis presents ICE, an Integrated Comprehension Environment, that is de- veloped to support comprehension of assembly code while remaining extensible. ICE is designed to receive data from external tools, such as disassemblers and debuggers, which is then presented in a series of visualizations: Cartographer, Tracks, and a Control Flow Graph. Cartographer displays an interactive function call graph while Tracks displays a navigable sequence diagram. Support for new visualizations is provided through the extensible implementation enabling analysts to develop visual- izations tailored to their needs. Evaluation of ICE is completed through a series of case studies that demonstrate different aspects of ICE relative to currently available tools. / Graduate / 0984 / dpucsek@uvic.ca

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