Urban greenbelts are considered a key instrument for shaping sustainable urban growth and protecting the environment in a large number of cities in the world. In most cities, there is a widely shared belief that urban greenbelts are beneficial to the natural environment. By contrast, there is little understanding of the underlying economic impacts of greenbelts and other green space configurations in fast growing cities. The unprecedented rate and scale of urbanisation in the emerging economies has brought the role of greenbelts into an even sharper focus. In cities within these fast growing economies, the urban population is expected to double in the coming decades, which means that greenbelts are under great pressures to adapt to the large forthcoming growth. Few existing urban models are capable of addressing the dynamic nature of the urban transformations and predicting the impacts of urban greenbelts in the developing world. This prompts us to develop a new modelling method that is capable of assessing the impacts of different configurations, scales and locations of green spaces. We then use it to examine alternative futures to the greenbelt through a case study of Greater Beijing. The method we developed is a new variant in the land use-transport interaction (LUTI) model family. This model is capable of addressing the non-equilibrium nature of urban land use and transport development and the equilibrium nature of the day-to-day adaptations made by businesses and citizens. This LUTI model aims to answer the following questions: what are the short-term and long-term economic impacts of a greenbelt on a fast growing city? Which alternative green space configuration performs better in terms of economic well-being and travel costs? Where and how much should the greenbelt land be progressively reshaped or released as the city grows? The new LUTI model is calibrated and validated using data collected for 1990, 2000 and 2010 for Greater Beijing, The model is first tested retrospectively through revisiting the past greenbelt policies in Beijing from 1990 to 2010. Then the impacts of different future green space configurations from 2010 to 2030 are predicted and assessed through quantifying economic costs/benefits and travel costs for socio-economic groups. The model results suggest that under rapid transformative urban change, the configuration, scale and location of a greenbelt have a significant impact on a city’s economic efficiency. Such impacts will transcend the greenbelt boundary, and even the boundary of Beijing Municipality, onto the entire city region. A narrow greenbelt launched in the early age of urban expansion could lead to spatial mismatch of residents and jobs. A wide and strictly controlled ring-shaped greenbelt is not the highest performing intervention either, in terms of economic well-being. The green-wedges configuration is a remedial policy that balances the economic efficiency and environmental benefits. Intensive development around metro/rail stations in the designated greenbelt could reduce spatial costs and promote sustainable travel modes. This implies that a careful siting of new development within existing designations of the greenbelt can be beneficial in terms of economic well-being and sustainable transport.

戰後日本對華政策之研究（一九四九∼一九九七） 　　本論文之研究方法 主要係利用傳統的歷史研究方法為主，採直敘的方式，在戰後各時期日本所面對的國際政治局勢與外交政策中，依序選擇重點作經驗性的探討與分析。而由於在人文社會科學的研究中，任何假設與立論的基礎便是材料。故在研究方法上，筆者採「非實驗性的方法」中之文件分析法。 是故，本研究基本上屬於「描述性研究」，筆者乃以日本的「中國政策」為對象，對戰後以來各個時期之對華政策形成，尋求精確的描述與解釋。再者，於研究途徑的選擇方面，本研究係採「系統理論」作為主要的研究分析途徑。基於此，在研究架構上，筆者將針對戰後日本之「中國政策」選擇重點，依序進行經驗性的探討，詳細敘述戰後以來日本各內閣的成立，與每一任內閣所面對的國內、外環境及在內外環境交互作用下，日本政府如何在其「中國政策」中作出反應，並希望在其間發現日本對華政策之特質。 此外，在日本研究中，政治文化的因素亦為研究者所重視，因此，筆者在研究中，亦自政治文化的分析角度切入，具體地分析日本的諸多文化現象對其「中國政策」的影響。 / The Research on Japan's China Policy after the World War II The research method used in this dissertation is mainly based on the traditionalhistorical research method. Some of the improtant statements on the internationalpolitical status and diplomatic policies, which Japan weere facing after the world War II, have been selected on a time basis. The selected statements are studied andanalyzed experientially. When doing the human and social science studies, the foundation of hypothesis can be considered as the researching material itself. Therefore, the descriptive study used in the non-experimental method is adapted as the research method in this dissertation. The research presented in this dissertation is a descriptive study. Japan'sChina policy are the research subjects. The forming of Japan's post-war Chinapolicy at different stages is studeied in depths, hoping to seek for explanationsfrom the detailed statements given in the disseration. Regarding to the theory of research, system theory is adapted as main researchingand analyzing basis in this dissertation. The research framework is based on some of important Japan's post-war China policy. Detailed descriptions on the formation of Japanese cabinets after the War are given. Also, how the Japanesegovernment reacted on her China policy. when facing the interactions between Japanese domestic and international situations, are sequentially and experientially studied. This is aimed at finding the characteristics of Japan's China policy. Besides, in the studied of Japan researchers have been considering the elementsof political culture. In this dissertation, therefore, analyses are done, from the viewpoint of political culture, on some of Japanese cultures' impacts uponher China policy.