This study arose out of a search for a suitable scale to measure religion and spirituality. The literature suggests that religion and spirituality are potentially powerful explanatory variables in health and social research, but there do not appear to be any instruments that are generally accepted as measures of an individual's religious or spiritual characteristics. While a lack of consensus in such a complex area is probably to be expected, it is the lack of accepted measures or instruments that drives this study. The literature review describes the historical influence of religion on public health practices, and the most recently reported associations between religion and both physical and mental health. This establishes religion as a potentially useful construct to include in any health study. However, the reported association between religion and health is often unclear, and the measures used differ widely between studies. This study goes beyond the health context and explores the reasons why existing methods have not resulted in broadly accepted measures of religion and spirituality.

I want to focus on three specific “modes and orders” that Machiavelli wrote about in his Discourses on Livy and The Prince and examine and analyze the influence that the ancient city of Rome had on them. The three modes and orders are: the role that religion should play in governing a state, the kind of army a state should employ, and how to rule over a newly acquired territory.

Abstract Emma Hjalmarsson, teacher student Maria Talevska, teacher student Title: So different yet so alike â A comparative study focusing on the pedagogical leadership in two different cultures. Växjö University, Fall Semester 2005, Department of the Humanities GIX 192, Degree project/Religious Studies in Secondary Education This paper compares the pedagogical leadership in Thailand and Sweden. By performing interviews, handing out questionnaires and observing class rooms we wanted to compare the relationship between pupils and teachers from one school in Sweden and one school in Thailand. From the pupils we wanted information about their view on teachers; what characterizes the best teacher, what the worst teacher is like and how they would like a teacher to be. From the teachers on the other hand we wanted to know what kind of relationship they would like to have with their pupils and how they work to accomplish that purpose. We also wanted to find out if they put more emphasis on upbringing or knowledge and if there are any religious influences in the education. Finally, we also wanted to see if there was something from the pedagogical view in the Thai school that we could use in education in Sweden.

<p>Abstract</p><p>Emma Hjalmarsson, teacher student</p><p>Maria Talevska, teacher student</p><p>Title: So different yet so alike â A comparative study focusing on the pedagogical leadership in two different cultures.</p><p>Växjö University, Fall Semester 2005, Department of the Humanities</p><p>GIX 192, Degree project/Religious Studies in Secondary Education</p><p>This paper compares the pedagogical leadership in Thailand and Sweden. By performing interviews, handing out questionnaires and observing class rooms we wanted to compare the relationship between pupils and teachers from one school in Sweden and one school in Thailand.</p><p>From the pupils we wanted information about their view on teachers; what characterizes the best teacher, what the worst teacher is like and how they would like a teacher to be.</p><p>From the teachers on the other hand we wanted to know what kind of relationship they would like to have with their pupils and how they work to accomplish that purpose. We also wanted to find out if they put more emphasis on upbringing or knowledge and if there are any religious influences in the education.</p><p>Finally, we also wanted to see if there was something from the pedagogical view in the Thai school that we could use in education in Sweden.</p>

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:48:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Persio Ribeiro Gomes de Deus.pdf: 894292 bytes, checksum: ac07f7fac3195ea894f00e199df23950 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-24 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / This research investigates the hypothesis that the religious feelings can exert a harmful influence on the understanding of the depressive disease, in Christians suffering from depression. From early times, there has been a relation between the ideas of divine and sacred and the occurrence of diseases; the sacred entities were thought to interfere with the outbreak of diseases, or even cause them. Primitive men, in their world view, would attribute to gods and demons phenomena such as natural catastrophes: plagues, pests, and diseases. Throughout History, there is a clear change of human perception about religion and also about mental disease. However, the relation between religious feeling and depression remains unaltered in the common man s view, throughout History. Demons, sin, God s wrath, and lack of faith are understood as linked to the depressive disease, in a causality relation. Even among men with scientific and religious knowledge, the influences that the religious feeling exerts on the notion of depressive disease can be noticed. Psychiatry, due to methodological difficulties, only recently has created explanatory models that are adequate for the understanding of depressive disorders. The gap created by this delay in scientific knowledge was filled with prejudiced, distorted and mythical ideas about that disease. Through a literature review, the relation between religious feelings or religiosity and the conception of depressive disease is investigated. This relation is analyzed, from the first manifestations of religious feelings in the primitive man his world view and notion of religion to the contemporary era. In a multidisciplinary approach, we find support in some classic works from Sociology, Anthropology, Philosophy, Psychiatry, and also from thinkers from other areas of knowledge. The hypothesis is also objectively verified, through a case study of patients with depression who spontaneously searched for psychiatric treatment. / A hipótese do presente estudo é a de que o sentimento religioso produz uma influência prejudicial sobre a noção de doença depressiva no cristão portador de depressão. Desde o início da humanidade, verifica-se uma relação entre as noções de divindades ou de sagrado e sua interferência e até mesmo determinismo em relação ao aparecimento de doenças. O ser humano primitivo, em sua cosmovisão, atribuía aos deuses ou demônios fenômenos como as catástrofes naturais: pragas, pestes e doenças. Ao longo da história, percebe-se a modificação das concepções humanas sobre a religião e também sobre a doença mental. No entanto, a relação entre sentimento religioso e depressão permanece praticamente inalterada na visão do homem comum através da história. Nesta relação, existe uma causalidade entre a doença depressiva e demônios, pecado, a ira de Deus e a falta de fé. Mesmo no homem com conhecimento científico e religioso, são percebidas as influências que o sentimento religioso exerce sobre a noção de doença depressiva. A psiquiatria, devido a dificuldades metodológicas, só recentemente conseguiu modelos explicativos adequados para a compreensão dos distúrbios depressivos. Este atraso no conhecimento científico foi preenchido com idéias preconceituosas, distorcidas e míticas sobre a doença. Através de revisão da literatura, será investigada a relação entre sentimento religioso ou religiosidade e a concepção de doença depressiva. Esta relação será analisada a partir da exposição das primeiras manifestações de sentimento religioso no homem primitivo, sua cosmovisão e noção de religião, até chegar-se ao momento contemporâneo. Numa visão multidisciplinar, busca-se apoio em alguns clássicos da sociologia, da teologia, da história da antropologia, da filosofia, da psiquiatria e ainda outros pensadores de outras áreas do conhecimento. Além disso, as hipóteses serão verificadas objetivamente através de uma amostragem de pacientes portadores de depressão que vierem a procurar espontaneamente tratamento médico psiquiátrico.