Thesis (Ph. D.)--Johns Hopkins University, 1898. / Bibliography: 1 p. following p. 33.

Inaug.-Diss.--Frankfurt am Main. / Bibliography: p. 7-20.

Thesis--Göteborg.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-10T14:22:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-05-14. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-12-10T14:28:31Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000851934.pdf: 984172 bytes, checksum: 9464227d711c088192e7acb96f1a9c82 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Esta pesquisa visa a estudar, na língua italiana, a ocorrência de um tipo particular de construção, a saber, as construções verbais paratáticas (CVPs, daqui em diante). As construções focalizadas nesta pesquisa formam-se a partir de dois ou mais verbos flexionados, conectados ou não pela conjunção e, como por exemplo: se ne va e piange (vai-se chora), prendo e me ne vado (pego e vou-me embora). Nossa investigação inicial consistiu na documentação destas construções a partir de corpora do italiano. Todavia, considerando que o estudo das CVPs é incipiente no italiano, sua descrição e análise ainda carecem de um estudo exaustivo, que vise à análise de sua estrutura e função. Desse modo, nosso objetivo é aprofundar o trabalho iniciado em nível de iniciação científica, com foco nas seguintes questões: estatuto categorial das CVPs como um tipo de predicação complexa não previsível no âmbito da gramática do italiano contemporâneo (a saber, serialização verbal); e gramaticalização, tendo em vista os processos de mudança envolvidos na emergência dessa construção. Nossa hipótese é a de que as CVPs sejam consideradas como construções de foco. Adotamos os pressupostos teóricos da gramática funcional, visto que esta pesquisa tem por objetivo estudar a língua em uso. Dentro do funcionalismo, cabe estudar outros pontos caros a este trabalho, como: a estrutura informacional, a categorização, a gradiência da predicação complexa, a auxiliaridade e a serialização verbal. A metodologia empregada aqui consta da análise dos dados coletados a partir dos corpora CORIS e LABLITA (do projeto C-ORAL-ROM), além de buscas na web a partir do site google, sendo que foi efetuada uma pesquisa quantitativa sobre estes dados com uso do programa GOLDVARB. A análise efetuada a partir destes corpora focou na estrutura das CVPs; na sua função, haja vista que propomos sua interpretação como construções... / This work aims to study, in Italian, the occurrence of a particular type of construction, which are the paratactic verbal constructions (PVCs, henceforth). The constructions focused in this research are formed by two or more verbs inflected, connected or not by the conjunction and, as in: se ne va e piange (go and cry), prendo e me ne vado (I take and go away). Our initial investigation consisted in the documentation of these constructions through corpora from Italian. However, considering that the study of the PVCs are incipient in Italian, its description and analysis still need an exhaustive study, which aims the analysis of its structure and function. Therefore, our objective is to deepen the work begun in scientific initiation level, focusing in the following questions: categorial status of the PVCs as a type of complex predicate not predictable in the ambit of the contemporary Italian grammar (as verbal serialization); and grammaticalization, due to the processes of change involved in the emergence of this construction. Our hypothesis is that the PVCs are considered as focus constructions. We adopt the theoretical presuppositions of the funcional grammar, since this research has as an objective to study the language in use. In the funcionalism, there are some other issues relevant to this work, as: the informational structure, the categorization, the gradience of the complex predicates, the auxiliar constructions, and the verbal serialization. The methodology employed here is constituted by the analysis of the collected data through the corpora CORIS and LABLITA (from the C-ORAL-ROM project), besides a search on the web through Google, and a quantitative research was carried out about these data using the GOLDVARB programme. The analysis made through these corpora focalized in the structure of PVCs; in their function, since we propose their interpretation as focus constructions; in their categorization, due to the fact ...

Voltaire began his career in literature by writing for the theater. One of his plays, The Orphan of China, was an adaptation of a Chinese play, The Orphan of the Mansion Tchao. Many critics contend that in this play Voltaire is: 1. Propagating the spirit of the Enlightenment to the Europeans via his representation of the Chinese; 2. Refuting Rousseau because he condemns civilization as the source of men's suffering and pain; and 3. Lacking in understanding of Chinese history during the Mongolian invasion. This thesis will argue that critics have not examined the essential philosophical theory in The Orphan of China because they have overlooked the significance of sacrificial and judicial systems (in Europe and, more importantly, in China) in the play. In the first chapter, I will demonstrate Voltaire's theory of civilization by contrasting The Orphan of China with Rousseau's essays: Discourse on Arts and Science and On the Origin of Inequality. The succeeding chapters will illustrate Voltaire's ideal society which is supported by judicial system.

No description available.

Bibliography: leaves 337-353. / xvi, 353 leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Examines the effects of cultural interaction in ethnically plural societies on personal cultural systems, cultural identity and cultural core values. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Education, 1998?

This thesis investigates the development of the present-day linguistic hegemonies within Italy and Norway as products of ongoing linguistic ‘wars of position’. Language activist movements have been key actors in these struggles, and this study seeks to address how such movements have operated in attempts to translate their linguistic ideologies into de facto language policy through mechanisms such as political agitation, propaganda and the use of language in public spaces. It also reveals which other extra-linguistic values and ideologies have become associated with or allied to these linguistic causes in recent years, how these ideologies have affected language policy, and whether such ideological alliances have been representative of language users’ ideologies. The study is informed by an innovative methodological framework combining the theories and metaphors of Antonio Gramsci (including hegemony and wars of position as well as his linguistic writings) with the theories of Stein Rokkan on cultural-political cleavage structures and the relationships between centres and peripheries. These constructs and relationships are thereafter documented as ideologically defining strands running through the history of the movements studied, through reference to activist periodicals and party newspapers. In Italy, the focus of the research is on the Lega Nord (Northern League), a far-right populist autonomist political movement. The Lega has sought to legitimise its imagination of a northern nation (‘Padania’) by portraying the dialects of northern Italy as minority languages, emphasising the hegemonic relationship between the Italian national language and northern dialects. The movement has also used this perception of northern dialects as peripheral and suppressed by Italian to bolster its depiction of ‘Padania’ as a wealthy periphery allegedly held back by central and southern Italy. Although this campaign has achieved some successes in increased visibility of dialects in public spaces, dialects largely remain restricted to ‘low’-status domains. In Norway, the thesis devotes special attention to the post-war efforts of the counter-hegemonic campaign for the Nynorsk standard of Norwegian, which was devised as a common denominator for Norwegian dialects, as opposed to the hegemonic standard Bokmål, which is a Norwegianisation of written Danish. In opposing the challenges of globalisation and centralisation, the Nynorsk movement has retained a radical character and is generally associated with a left-wing variant of nationalism, a key part of the Norwegian cultural cleavage structure. The social argumentation of the Nynorsk movement was instrumental in its successful promotion of dialects, now seen as an unstigmatised means of spoken communication in all social contexts.

O presente trabalho se propõe a investigar uma possível correlação entre a pronúncia de determinados segmentos fonéticos que caracterizam o dialeto de São Paulo e as variedades linguísticas trazidas à cidade pelos imigrantes italianos a partir do final do século XIX. Percorre a história da imigração, com um olhar sobretudo sociolinguistico, ressaltando o estreito contato entre as duas comunidades e seus respectivos sistemas linguísticos. Em seguida, expõe e analisa, qualitativamente, as variantes que distinguem a fala paulistana de outras variedades brasileiras, evidenciando seus pontos comuns com o italiano e suas dessemelhanças com outros dialetos regionais brasileiros. Por fim, sugere a adoção de um modelo quantitativo de análise, que permita elaborar dados sobre a variação fonológica local, conhecer a sua sistematização e verificar a possibilidade que a ocorrência de alguma das variantes constitua mudança em curso na fala do paulistano. / This master thesis discusses, qualitatively, the correlation between certain phonemes that are characteristic to the dialect spoken in Sao Paulo and linguistic variants or varieties brought to the city by Italian immigrants. This paper offers an overview of the history of immigration, mainly from a sociolinguistics perspective, focusing on the close relationship between the communities in contact, as well as their languages. It presents a qualitative analysis of the variants that distinguish the paulistano speech from others around the country, by highlighting some aspects in reference to the Italian language. In conclusion, this paper suggests a quantitative analysis that would allow us to check more thoroughly \"how much Italian\" there is in the speech recognized as paulistano.

No final do século XIX e durante o século XX, a história do Brasil se caracterizou pela intensa imigração de homens e mulheres de diferentes idades, provenientes de muitas partes do mundo e que procuravam aqui um lugar para viver, trabalhar e encontrar condições de vida menos duras do que aquelas presentes nos lugares que, com tristeza, tiveram de deixar. Foram muitos os italianos que, desde 1875, começaram a chegar aos principais portos brasileiros. No Paraná, o fenômeno migratório teve início na mesma década, em consequência de campanhas de recrutamento que o governo paranaense promoveu a fim de atrair mão-de-obra italiana para a agricultura depois de abolida a escravidão. De fato, a partir daquela data, inúmeros italianos originários sobretudo das regiões setentrionais da Itália se estabeleceram primeiramente ao longo do litoral paranaense e, mais tarde, nos arredores da capital Curitiba, criando inúmeras colônias onde viviam de acordo com os usos e costumes da pátria-mãe. Mediante a realização de uma série de entrevistas, este estudo se propõe a analisar o léxico usado por um grupo de italianos, que vive na cidade de Curitiba, no Paraná, e que emigrou para cá ao fim da Segunda Guerra Mundial, no período compreendido entre o final dos anos quarenta e o início dos anos setenta. Nosso objetivo será também o de estabelecer quanto a língua italiana foi preservada por eles ou quanto o idioma sofreu interferências da língua portuguesa depois de vários anos de vida em um outro país. Os indivíduos entrevistados têm em comum diversas características: na realidade, além de viverem na mesma cidade, eles podem ser considerados bilíngues, ainda que falem quotidianamente apenas a língua portuguesa. Alguns deles chegaram a Curitiba no começo da adolescência e, bem depressa, para melhor se integrarem, abandonaram o uso da língua italiana, até mesmo em casa, e adotaram o português como nova língua materna. Outros, tendo chegado já adultos e depois de se casarem com pessoas da localidade, preferiram utilizar quotidianamente e ensinar aos próprios filhos a língua portuguesa em lugar da italiana. A maior parte deles mantém contato com a Itália e com o idioma italiano por meio de cursos de língua, encontros com outras pessoas pertencentes à comunidade ou simplesmente lendo livros ou assistindo à televisão italiana. Além disso, a muitos deles, por diversas razões, ligadas à guerra ou à impossibilidade econômica, não completou os estudos. Após um longo período de permanência fora da Itália constatamos, naturalmente, uma perda no repertório lexical de origem e a presença de algumas interferências da língua portuguesa na língua italiana falada. Fenômeno este amplamente justificado pelos quase cinquenta anos de vida longe da terra natal. Os fatores que determinam a manutenção ou a perda dependem da aproximação ou do distanciamento que os indivíduos mantêm com a comunidade italiana residente em Curitiba ou com a Itália e também do seu grau de escolaridade. Entretanto, apesar da clara influência da língua portuguesa sobre a italiana, podemos considerar que o italiano falado hoje pelos indivíduos objeto deste trabalho se preservou bem. / By the end of the XIX century and during the XX century, the history of Brazil was characterized by the intense immigration of men and women from different ages, who came from several parts of the world. These people were looking for a place to live, work and have better life conditions, in opposition to the hard life they had in the places they sadly left. A huge number of Italians has arrived in the main Brazilian harbours since 1875. In Parana, the emigration movement started in the same decade, as a consequence of recruitment campaigns promoted by the state government in order to bring Italian labors to the agriculture after the slavery abolition. Actually, from that date, lots of Italians who came especially from the north of Italy established themselves along the coast of Parana at first. Later, the Italian also went to the outskirts of Curitiba and created many colonies where they lived according to their nations habits and customs. The present study has the intention of analyzing the lexicon used by a group of Italians through a series of interviews. These Italians, who live in the city of Curitiba, in Parana, emigrated to this region in the end of the Second World War, in the period between the end of the forties and the beginning of the sixties. Our objective is also to analyze how much of the Italian language was preserved by them or the intensity of the Portuguese language interferences in their mother tongue after several years of living in another country. The interviewed people have many characteristics in common. In fact, besides living in the same city, they can be considered bilingual, even if they speak only the Portuguese language in their daily life. Some of them arrived in Curitiba in the beginning of their teen years. In order to interact better to others, they quickly abandoned the Italian language and adopted the Portuguese as their new mother tongue, even at home. Other immigrants came at an older age and, after getting married to Brazilian natives, preferred to use and teach their own children the Portuguese language instead of the Italian. Most of the interviewed Italians keep in contact with Italy and the Italian language through language courses, meetings with other people from the same community or just by reading books or watching the Italian TV channel. In addition, most of them did not finish their studies due to the war or financial problems. After being such a long period out of Italy we could certainly notice the loss in the original lexicon and the presence of some Portuguese interference in the Italian spoken. This fact can be explained by the fifty years living far from their homeland. The factors that determine the language continuation or its loss depend on the proximity or detachment these people keep with Italy or with the Italian community that lives in Curitiba, and also their schooling level. Despite the strong Portuguese influence on the Italian language, we can consider the Italian spoken nowadays by the interviewed people in this paper has been well preserved.