Kaunas – svarbus transporto, mokslo ir kultūros bei Kauno apskrities, miesto savivaldybės, Kauno rajono savivaldybės centras, antrasis pagal dydį Lietuvos miestas, kuriame aktyviai vykdomi nekilnojamojo turto sandoriai ir šio turto vertinimas.. Tyrimo tikslas – išanalizuoti ir palyginti skirtingais metodais nustatytas nekilnojamojo turto vertes. Tyrimo objektas – vieno, dviejų, trijų, keturių kambarių butai ir namai esantys Kauno mieste. Atliekant šį butų ir namų vertinimo metodų palyginimą, buvo surinkti duomenys apie 2013 metų ir 2014 metų pirmojo ketvirčio nekilnojamojo turto vertes, vertinant skirtingais metodais. Baigiamajame darbe aptariama nekilnojamojo turto vertinimas bei jo metodai bei funkcijos. Pateikiama bendroji Kauno miesto apžvalga. Supažindinama smulkiau su nekilnojamojo turto vertinimo metodais naudotais darbe. Pateikti atlikto tyrimo rezultatai, parodo nekilnojamojo turto vertinimo metodų skirtumus. Taip pat skirtingų nekilnojamojo turto vertinimo metodų pliusus ir minusus. Bei Nekilnojamojo turto vertės priklausomybę nuo tam tikrų veiksnių, vertinant skirtingais vertinimo metodais. / Kaunas is an important center of transport, science and culture, Kaunas city is the center of municipality and district municipality, as well as the central part of the country and the second largest city in Lithuania. The aim of the research - to analyze and compare fixed property values by different methods. The object of the research – houses and apartments consisting of one, two, three, four bedrooms in the Kaunas city. In the comparison of the assessment methods, the data of real estate value of the year 2013 and the first quarter of 2014, based on evaluation by different methods, was collected. This thesis deals with real estate valuation, its methods and functions. A general overview of Kaunas is provided. The methods of real estate valuation applied in research are explained in detail. Research results show the differences between real estate valuation methods. Also, the pros and cons of each method of valuation of real estate are presented. The dependence of the value of real estate on some factors when using different methods is revealed as well.

L’évaluation des masses atomiques (Ame), commencée dans les années 1960, est la source la plus fiable d’informations complètes sur les masses atomiques. Elle fournit les meilleures valeurs pour les masses atomiques et les incertitudes associées en évaluant les données expérimentales de désintégration, de réactions et de la spectrométrie de masse. Dans cette thèse, la philosophie et les caractéristiques les plus importantes de l’Ame seront discutées en détail. Les développements les plus récents de l’évaluation, AME2016, tels que l’énergie de liaison moléculaire, la correction d’énergie des mesures par implantation, et la formule relativiste pour le processus de décroissance alpha, seront présentés. Une autre partie de cette thèse concerne l’analyse des données du spectromètre à piège de Penning ISOLTRAP au ISOLDE/CERN. Les nouveaux résultats sont inclus dans l’ajustement global et leurs influences sur les masses existantes sont discutées. La dernière partie de cette thèse porte sur les études des erreurs systématiques du spectromètre de masse à multi-réflexion à temps de vol d’ISOLTRAP, utilisant une source d’ions hors ligne et le faisceau de protons en ligne. A partir de l’analyse des mesures sélectionnées, j’ai trouvé que l’erreur systématique est beaucoup plus faible que les incertitudes statistiques obtenues jusqu’à présent. / The Atomic Mass Evaluation (AME), started in the 1960s, is the most reliable source for comprehensive information related to atomic masses. It provides the best values for the atomic masses and their associated uncertainties by evaluating experimental data from decay, reactions, and mass spectrometry. In this thesis, the philosophy and the most important features of the Ame will be discussed in detail. The most recent developments of the latest mass table (AME2016), such as molecular binding energy, energy correction of the implantation measurements, and the relativistic formula for the alpha-decay process, will be presented. Another part of this thesis concerns the data analysis from the Penning-trap spectrometer ISOLTRAP at ISOLDE/CERN. The new results are included in the global adjustment and their influences on the existing masses are discussed. The last part of this thesis is related to the systematic error studies of the ISOLTRAP multi-reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometer, using an off-line ion source and the on-line proton beam. From the analysis of the selected measurements, I found that the systematic error is much smaller than the statistical uncertainties obtained up to now.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:00:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2272.pdf: 8334544 bytes, checksum: a9fb41afdb769431e813acd163cce26a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-12-18 / Location is a central variable in mathematical models of real estate appraisal. The main goal of this dissertation is to propose a method for the treatment of this variable in a specific kind of appraisal, but very relevant, known as PGV (in Brazil, anything like an assessment roll). Besides being a important instrument of urban tax policies, PGVs also have their usefulness in urban planning for revealing the dynamics of real estate valuation. The study focuses in São Carlos (São Paulo State, Brazil), a city of nearly 210.000 inhabitants. It is a city of intermediary size, whose spatial patterns of real estate valuation are not quite simple, like in small towns, but factors whose effects have maximum expression in the metropolitan environment start to consolidate. The main of them is segregation, and the conditions of competition for the best location occur in the field of real estate market. This study aims to explore the amplitude of the city, with its variability of characteristics, incorporating in the object of study the locations of the urban core and expansion areas. It discusses the influence or correlation of factors such as demand for public services, infrastructures, attributes of location, neighbourhood aspects, urban amenities and aspects of illegality in the composition of the market value of these properties. Thus, diversity and variability of characteristics widen the study of the valuation pattern of the urban land. The innovative approach of this study is to link two fields of knowledge apparently distincts the inferential methodologies of mass evaluation and the studies of intra-urban location. The common potencial issue is tax application. It means, to the local governments, to consider the city as it shows itself, ensuring not only the success in evaluative formulations, but the respect for the principles of fairness that should characterize the tax policies. / A Localização é uma variável central em modelos matemáticos de avaliação imobiliária. A presente dissertação tem como principal objetivo propor um método para o tratamento desta variável em um tipo de avaliação bastante específico, mas de grande relevância, comumente conhecido como Planta de Valores Genéricos (PVG). Além de importante instrumento de políticas tributárias urbanas, as PVG têm grande utilidade no planejamento urbano, ao refletir a dinâmica da valorização imobiliária. O estudo concentra-se em São Carlos (SP), um município de aproximadamente 210.000 habitantes (IBGE 2002). É uma cidade de porte intermediário cujos padrões espaciais de valorização imobiliária não são tão simples, como em pequenos municípios, mas delineiam-se fatores cujos efeitos têm expressão máxima no ambiente metropolitano. Um dos principais deles é a segregação e as condições de competição pelas melhores localizações ocorrem no âmbito do mercado imobiliário. O trabalho procura explorar a amplitude da cidade, com sua variabilidade de características, incorporando ao objeto em estudo as localizações do núcleo urbano e nas áreas de expansão. Trata-se da influência ou correlação de fatores como oferta de serviços, infraestruturas, atributos de localização, aspectos de vizinhança, amenidades urbanas e aspectos de ilegalidade na composição do valor de mercado destes imóveis. Assim, amplia-se a diversidade e variabilidade de características no estudo do padrão de valorização do solo urbano. O enfoque inovador do presente estudo é unir dois campos do conhecimento aparentemente distintos - as metodologias inferenciais de avaliação em massa e os estudos de localização intra-urbana. O tema potencialmente comum é a aplicação tributária. Significa, para os governos municipais, considerar a cidade tal como ela se configura, garantindo-se não só o êxito nas formulações avaliatórias, mas sobretudo o respeito aos princípios de impessoalidade que devem caracterizar as políticas tributárias.