Thesis (Ph. D.)--Rutgers University, 2007. / "Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences." Includes bibliographical references (p. 104-127).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Michigan State University. Human Nutrition, 2008. / Title from PDF t.p. (Proquest, viewed on Aug. 24, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 141-163). Also issued in print.

ABSTRACT Insulin Dynamic Measures and Weight Change By Noreen Kloc B.S. Computer Information Technology, Purdue University December 7, 2015 INTRODUCTION: Weight gain and obesity are risk factors for insulin resistance that can lead to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease; however, there is a complicated interplay between insulin sensitivity (SI), fasting insulin, acute insulin response (AIR), and disposition index (DI) and the relationship of these dynamic measures with weight change is not well understood. AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between insulin dynamic measures, SI, fasting insulin, AIR, and DI, with weight change during a 5-years follow-up period in the multi-ethnic cohort of the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS). METHODS: Data on 879 men and women of Hispanic, non-Hispanic White, and African-American race/ethnicity aged 40-69 years were obtained at baseline (1992-1994) and at 5 year follow-up. Crude associations between the insulin dynamic measures and weight change were evaluated using Kruskal-Wallis test and the relationships between log-transformed insulin-related variables were examined using Spearman rank-order analysis. Multivariate regression models evaluated associations of interest adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, and diabetes status in a time-dependent manner using mixed models. RESULTS: Insulin sensitivity SI inversely coevolves with weight, i.e. greater weight is predicted by lower SI at any time point. To answer the question whether SI is the cause or a consequence of weight change, we examined the associations with the baseline values and a change in SI. In this model, both the baseline SI and change in SI were inversely correlated with weight gain. A similar approach showed that baseline values and change in fasting insulin were directly associated with weight gain. Weight change over time was associated with AIR, i.e. increases in AIR and greater AIR at baseline predicted weight gain. We did not find strong relationships between DI and weight change. DISCUSSION: These results suggest that insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion can modulate weight in a non-diabetic population.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-13T14:50:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-11-25Bitstream added on 2014-08-13T18:01:07Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000739020.pdf: 876211 bytes, checksum: 9bad2f7fc2c7256615bfb792f07281b1 (MD5) / Este estudo teve como objetivo estimar o número de casos de reações sorológicas não-negativas para doença de Chagas em doadores de sangue do Hemocentro de Botucatu, São Paulo - Brasil de 2003 a 2010 e, relaciona-las com as suas cidades de origem. Quinhentos e setenta e quatro reações sorológicas não-negativas para doença de Chagas foram avaliados. Destes, 371 eram reagentes (64,8%), e 203 inconclusivas (35,4%). Houve, em média, 72 casos/ano, e uma prevalência do sexo masculino foi observada (64,8%). Quarenta e três indivíduos (7,49%) tinham entre 18 e 30 anos, 92 (16,02%) de 31 a 40; 147 (25,61%) 41 a 50, e 292 (50,87%) tinham mais de 50 anos. Observou-se que 29.3% das mulheres com sorologia reagente estavam em idade fértil (18 e 45 anos). A maioria dos doadores eram naturais de cidades das regiões sudoeste e central da cidade de São Paulo, mas os indivíduos de outros estados contribuíram com 20%. A procedência da maioria dos doadores era a cidade de Botucatu/SP, seguido pela cidade de Taquarituba/SP. Portanto, o perfil de doadores de sangue neste hemocentro favorece a ocorrência de um número maior de reações sorológicas não-negativas. Embora tenha havido uma redução significativa no número de casos novos/ano para esta doença, ainda é um problema de saúde pública, e os resultados sugerem a necessidade de novas avaliações epidemiológicas na região estudada / This study aimed at estimating the number of cases of non-negative serological reactions to Chagas disease in blood donors at the Blood Center of Botucatu, São Paulo – Brazil from 2003 to 2010 and at relating them to their cities of origin. Five hundred and seventy-four non-negative results for Chagas disease were evaluated. Of these, 371 (64.8%) were reagent, and 203 (35.4%) were inconclusive. There were, on average, 72 cases/year, and a prevalence of males was observed (64.8%). Forty-three (7.49%) individuals were 18 to 30 years old; 92 (16.02%) were 31 to 40; 147 (25.61) 41 to 50, and 292 (50.87%) were older than 50 years. It was observed that 29.3% of females with reagent serology were at their fertile age (18 and 45 years). The majority of donors were originally from cities in the southwestern and central regions of São Paulo, but individuals from other states contributed with 20%. The provenance of most donors was the city of Botucatu/SP, followed by the city of Taquarituba/SP. Therefore, the profile of donors at this blood center favors the occurrence of a larger number of non-negative serological reactions. Although there has been a significant reduction in the number of new cases/year for this disease, it is still a public-health problem, and results suggest the need for new epidemiological assessments in the studied region

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-13T14:50:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-09-26Bitstream added on 2014-08-13T18:00:43Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000755543.pdf: 2833713 bytes, checksum: 86427bc336469fb69bf043b5b8eb3b70 (MD5) / The skeletal muscle atrophy is a common phenomenon in many chronic systemic diseases such a sepsis, chronic heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, AIDS and cancer. These diseases may be accompanied by a complex metabolic syndrome characterized by muscle wasting, denominated cachexia. The molecular pathways responsible for cachexia are not completely understood, however, evidence suggest that pro-inflammatory cytokines like Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α and Interferon (INF)-γ have a key role in molecular pathways related to loss of function and muscle mass. The complexity of mechanisms controlling gene expression in this process suggests the involvement of additional regulatory molecules, such as microRNAs; these RNA molecules encoded by the genome regulate the function of skeletal muscle during development and various muscle diseases. MicroRNAs orchestrate common pathways or biological function, this unique feature gives rise as an effective tool for determining the pathways involved in specific diseases or biological processes. The hypothesis of this work is that the muscle atrophy induced by TNF-α and INF-γ has a microRNAs expression profile that allow the identification of regulatory networks and molecular pathways

Orientador: Eliana Aguiar Petri Nahas / Coorientador: Heloísa M. Luca Véspoli / Banca: Gilberto Uemura / Banca: César Cabello dos Santos / Resumo: Avaliar o risco de síndrome metabólica (SM) em mulheres na pós-menopausa tratadas de câncer de mama, comparadas às mulheres na pós-menopausa sem câncer de mama. Realizou-se estudo clínico, analítico e transversal, com 104 mulheres tratadas de câncer de mama comparadas a 208 mulheres na pós-menopausa (controle), atendidas em Hospital Universitário. Foram incluídas no grupo de estudo mulheres com amenorréia >12 meses e idade ≥45 anos, tratadas de câncer de mama e livre de doença há pelo menos cinco anos. O grupo controle foi constituído de mulheres com amenorréia >12 meses e idade ≥45 anos sem câncer de mama, pareadas pela idade, na proporção 1:2. Por meio de entrevista foram coletados dados clínicos e antropométricos. Na análise bioquímica foram solicitadas dosagens de colesterol total (CT), HDL, LDL, triglicerídeos (TG), glicemia e proteína C-reativa (PCR). Foram consideradas com SM as mulheres que apresentaram três ou mais critérios diagnósticos: circunferência da cintura (CC) > 88 cm; TG ≥ 150 mg/dL; HDL colesterol < 50 mg/dL; pressão arterial ≥ 130/85 mmHg; glicemia de jejum ≥ 100 mg/dL. Para análise estatística foram empregados o teste t-student, o teste do Qui-Quadrado e a regressão logística (odds ratio-OR). A média de idade da pacientes tratadas de câncer de mama foi de 60,6 ± 8,6 anos com tempo médio de seguimento de 9,4 ± 4,4 anos. Maior porcentagem de pacientes tratadas de câncer de mama (46,2%) era obesa quando comparadas ao controle (32,7%) (p<0,05). E menor porcentagem de mulheres tratadas de câncer apresentou valores considerados ótimos de LDL, glicemia e PCR quando comparadas ao controle (p<0,05). A SM foi diagnosticada em 50% das mulheres tratadas de câncer de mama e 37,5% no grupo controle (p<0,05). Entre os critérios... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: To assess the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in postmenopausal women breast cancer survivors compared to postmenopausal women without breast cancer. In this cross-sectional study, 104 women breast cancer survivors were compared with 208 postmenopausal women (control), seeking healthcare at a University Hospital. Eligibility criteria included women with amenorrhea > 12 months and age ≥ 45 years, treated for breast cancer and no recorrences for at least five years. The control group consisted of women with amenorrhea >12 months and age ≥ 45 years without breast cancer matched by age, in proportion 1:2. Dates on clinical antecedents and anthropometric indicators were collected. The biochemical parameters, including total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, glucose and C-reactive protein (CRP), were measured. MetS was diagnosed as the presence of at least three components among: waist circumference (WC) >88cm, blood pressure ≥130/85mmHg, triglycerides ≥150mg/dl, HDL <50mg/dl and glucose ≥100mg/dl. For statistical analysis were used: Student t-test, Chi-square test, and logistic regression method (odds ratio-OR). The mean age of women breast cancer survivors was 60.6 ± 8.6 years with a mean follow-up of 9.4 ± 4.4 years. A higher percentage of women breast cancer survivors (46.2%) were obese compared to control (32.7%) (p <0.05). And a smaller percentage of women breast cancer survivors had optimal values of LDL, glucose and CRP compared to controls (p <0.05). MetS was diagnosed in 50% of women breast cancer survivors and 37.5% in the control group (p <0.05). The most prevalent diagnostic criteria of MetS was abdominal obesity (WC> 88 cm) affecting 62.5% of women breast cancer survivors and 67.8% of control group. Women breast cancer survivors had a higher risk for metabolic syndrome... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Orientador: Roberto Carlos Burini / Banca: Luis Cuadrado Martin / Banca: Aparecida Maria Catai / Resumo: A prevalência crescente de hipertensão arterial é perpetuada por fatores comportamentais tais como dieta inadequada e inatividade física. Determinar os fatores associados à hipertensão arterial em adultos clinicamente triados para programa de mudança de estilo de vida. Foram estudados 1041 indivíduos, de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 26 a 88 anos, voluntários de programa de mudança de estilo de vida. A avaliação da pressão arterial foi realizada obedecendo a VI Diretriz Brasileira de Hipertensão Arterial. Colesterol total e frações, triglicerídios, glicemia, uréia, creatinina, ácido úrico e albumina foram analisados pelo método de Química Seca e proteína C reativa por imunoquimioluminescência. A avaliação antropométrica foi composta pelas medidas de circunferência abdominal, massa e estatura, com posterior cálculo do índice de massa corporal, e o percentual de gordura foi obtido por bioimpedância. A ingestão dietética foi realizada pelo recordatório de 24 horas, com posterior cálculo das porções da pirâmide e Índice de Alimentação Saudável adaptado. A avaliação cardiorrespiratória em esteira ergométrica foi feita pelo teste de Balke modificado. Análises estatísticas foram realizadas utilizando o programa SAS versão 9.2 e descritos em média e desvio padrão. Foi realizado o teste de Wilcoxon com normalidade da amostra sendo avaliada pelo teste de Shapiro-Wilk, e regressão linear com intervalo de confiança de 95%. Os resultados foram discutidos com base no nível de significância de p<0,05. O total de hipertensos atingiu 37,7% sendo 20,8% em uso de hipotensores medicamentosos. Não houve influência significativa da renda e da ingestão dietética sobre a prevalência de hipertensão. Por outro lado houve associação da obesidade e da adiposidade (corporal e abdominal) assim como da hiperglicemia e hipercolesterolemia. Na ausência... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The growing prevalence of hypertension is mainly due to happens by behavioral factors, such as inappropriate diet and physical inactivity. These study aims to determine the associated factors of hypertension in clinically screened adults a lifestyle modification program. One thousand and forty one volunteers were studied, both male and female, between 26 and 88 years old. The blood pressure was measured following VI Hypertension Brazilian Guideline. Plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, urea, creatinine, uric acid and albumin were analyzed by the dry chemistry method and C-reactive protein by immunechemmiluminescence. The anthropometric evaluation consisted of weight and height measurements, with subsequent body mass index calculation. Fat percentage was obtained by electrical bioimpedance. Dietary intake was evaluated by a 24-hour food recall, with posterior pyramid servings and the adapted health eating index calculation. The cardiorespiratory fitness evaluation on treadmill was done by the modified Balke test. Statistic analyses were done using the 9.2 version SAS program and described in mean and standard deviation. The Wilcoxon test was done with normality sample being evaluated by the Shapiro-Silk test and linear regression with 95% confidence intervals. The results were discussed based on the significance level of p<0.05. The total number of hypertensive individuals was 37.7%, 20% of them taking anti-hypertensive medicine. There wasn't significant influence of income and dietary intake concerning hypertension prevalence. On the other hand, there was an association of obesity and adiposity (corporal and abdominal) as well as of hyperglycemia and hypercholesterolemia. In the absence of medicine the hypertensive individuals showed similar age and body mass index values, higher of abdominal circumference (female) and glucose and lower of VO2max (female)... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

abstract: Among the general US population, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of mortality for Mexican-Americans. CVD is less prevalent among Mexican-Americans than non-Hispanic Whites or African Americans. However, there is limited research regarding the factors associated with increased CVD risk among Mexican-Americans. Thus, this cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the effects of non-biological factors (income, education, employment, acculturation) and diet on CVD risk factors in 75 Mexican-American adults (26 males, 49 females; age=37.6±9.3 y, BMI=28.9±5.3 kg/m2, systolic BP=117±11 mmHg, diastolic BP=73±9 mmHg, LDL cholesterol=114±32 mg/dL, HDL cholesterol=44±11 mg/dL, triglycerides=115±61 mg/dL, serum glucose=92±7 mg/dL). Aside from collecting anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and measuring fasting blood lipids, glucose, and insulin, information about participants' socioeconomic status, income, employment, education, and acculturation were gathered using a survey. Diet data was collected using the Southwestern Food Frequency Questionnaire. Weight, BMI, and waist circumference were significantly greater for those with a monthly income of <$3000 than for those earning >$3000 (81±15 kg vs. 71±15 kg; 29.8±4.6 kg/m2 vs. 26.5±5.1 kg/m2; 98±12 cm vs. 89±14 cm; respectively) and with an education level of high school graduate or less than for those with some college (84±16 kg vs. 72±14 kg; 30.6±4.2 kg/m2 vs. 26.9±4.9 kg/m2; 100±11 cm vs. 91±13 cm; respectively). HDL-C was higher for those with a monthly income of >$3000 than those earning <$3000 (49±12 mg/dL vs. 41±10 mg/dL), those with some college education than those with high school or less (47±10 mg/dL vs. 37±9 mg/dL), and for those employed than those not employed (46±10 mg/dL vs. 40±12 mg/dL). There was no association between acculturation and CVD risk factors. Percent of energy consumed from fat was greater and percent of energy from carbohydrates was lower in those earning <$3000 monthly than those earning >$3000 (32±5% vs. 29±3%; 52±8% vs. 56±4%; respectively). Greater acculturation to the Anglo culture was negatively correlated with body fat percentage (r=-0.238, p=0.043) and serum glucose (r=-0.265, p=0.024). Overall, these results suggest that factors related to sociocultural and socioeconomic status may affect cardiometabolic disease risk in Mexican-Americans living in the Phoenix metropolitan area. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Nutrition 2011

Introdução: A síndrome metabólica (SM) apresenta elevada prevalência na população mundial, sendo a hiperferritinemia um achado frequente nestes pacientes. A investigação do aumento da ferritina nesta doença representa um desafio diagnóstico, muitas vezes necessitando exames de alto custo, mas sendo fundamental para identificação dos pacientes que apresentam sobrecarga de ferro. Objetivo: Avaliar os parâmetros bioquímicos e moleculares relacionados ao metabolismo do ferro em pacientes portadores de SM. Métodos: Através de um estudo transversal, foram avaliados 94 pacientes portadores de SM de acordo com os critérios da International Diabetes Federation que estavam em acompanhamento no ambulatório de Medicina Interna do HCPA. Foram avaliados dados antropométricos e de diagnóstico para SM, dosagem de ferro, ferritina, a saturação da transferrina, hepcidina, além das mutações C282Y e H63D do gene HFE da hemocromatose. Resultados: A prevalência de hiperferritinemia na população em estudo foi de 27,7%, sendo maior no sexo masculino (53,8%) que no sexo feminino (14,5%) (p<0,001). A elevação da saturação de transferrina, e não da ferritina, se correlacionou com mutações do gene da hemocromatose. A hiperferritinemia se associou com saturação de transferrina (p<0,001) e a hepcidina (p=0,008), após análise de regressão logística. Conclusão: A hiperferritinemia é um achado frequente na SM, sendo mais comum em homens. A dosagem da saturação de transferrina é um bom parâmetro para screening de pacientes com mutação da hemocromatose, como já demonstrado na literatura. Sugere-se a hepcidina como um novo biomarcador com potencial promissor na investigação da hiperferritinemia associada à SM. / Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MS) has a high prevalence in the world population, and hyperferritinemia is a frequent finding in these patients. The investigation of the increased ferritin in this syndrome represents a diagnostic challenge, often requiring expensive tests, but is essential for identification of patients with iron overload. Objective: To evaluate biochemical and molecular parameters related to iron metabolism in patients with MS. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, we evaluated 94 patients with MS according to the criteria of the International Diabetes Federation who were accompanied in the outpatient clinics of internal medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. We evaluated anthropometric data and diagnostic criteria for MS, iron dosage, ferritin, transferrin saturation, hepcidin, besides the C282Y and H63D mutations in the HFE hemochromatosis gene. Results: The prevalence of hyperferritinemia in the study population was 27.7% and was higher in males (53.8%) than in females (14.5%) (p <0.001). The elevation of transferrin saturation, but not ferritin, did relate with mutations the hemochromatosis gene. Hyperferritinemia related to transferrin saturation (p <0.001) and hepcidin (p = 0.008) after logistic regression analysis. Conclusion: Hyperferritinemia is a frequent finding in metabolic syndrome, most frequently in men. Determination of transferrin saturation is a good parameter for screening of patients with hemochromatosis mutation, as already demonstrated in literature. It is suggested hepcidin as a new biomarker with promising potential in research hyperferritinemia associated with MS.

OBJETIVO Avaliar as evidências quanto à associação entre síndrome metabólica e periodontite através de uma revisão sistemática da literatura e metanálise de estudos observacionais. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS Os estudos foram acessados através de busca nas bases eletrônicas Medline, EMBASE e Biblioteca Cochrane e de busca manual para identificar estudos, observacionais, originais, realizados com população adulta, que avaliaram a associação entre síndrome metabólica e doença periodontal. Os estudos deveriam mencionar critério de diagnóstico para síndrome metabólica e pelo menos uma medida clínica para o diagnóstico de periodontite e apresentar as medidas de efeito através de razão de chance (OR), risco relativo (RR) ou taxa de prevalência (PR). Os dados foram extraídos por dois investigadores, de maneira independente. A metanálise dos estudos incluídos foi realizada utilizando-se modelos randômicos. RESULTADOS A revisão sistemática incluiu 17 estudos observacionais, que preencheram os critérios de inclusão. Na metanálise foram incluídos 11 estudos, totalizando dados de 38.189 pacientes. Encontrou-se associação entre síndrome metabólica e periodontite com um OR de 1,78 (IC 95% 1,38- 2,30), e heterogeneidade de i2=93%. Para investigar a alta heterogeneidade foram (1) rodadas análises sequenciais, excluindo-se um estudo por vez, (2) metarregressão avaliando-se isoladamente idade, tabagismo, critério de diagnóstico para síndrome metabólica e exame periodontal completo versus parcial, (3) análise de subgrupos analisando-se em separado estudos em população asiática e não asiática e análise de sensibilidade. A heterogeneidade foi reduzida de forma significativa quando subdividiu-se os estudos com origem em população asiática (OR 2,06, IC 95% 1,60– 2,85, i2= 83,1%) e em população não asiática (OR 1,12 IC 95% 1,04- 1,68, i2=65,3%). CONCLUSÃO Os achados deste estudo reportam uma associação significativa entre síndrome metabólica e doença periodontal. A falta de um número suficiente de estudos longitudinais impede que se estabeleça a direção desta associação. Devido a alta heterogeneidade encontrada, estudos de intervenção bem controlados são necessários para que se conheça a magnitude dessa associação. / PURPOSE To investigate the association of metabolic syndrome and periodontitis by means of a systematic review and a meta-analysis of observational studies. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The electronic databases Medline, EMBASE and The Cochrane Library were searched for observational studies that evaluated the association of Metabolic Syndrome and Periodontitis. Hand search was also done. Data extraction was performed by two reviewers independently. Pooled effect estimates were obtained by using random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS Systematic review included 17 studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis was done with 11 studies, providing data of 38.189 patients. The results showed that there is an association estimated in an OR of 1,78 (95%IC 1,38- 2,30) between metabolic syndrome and periodontitis. A high heterogeneity was present (i2=93%). To investigate heterogeneity (1) the meta-analysis was re-ran excluding studies one at a time, (2) univariate metaregression was performed analyzing smoke status, metabolic syndrome criteria and parcial versus complete periodontal record, (3) subgroup analysis splitting studies in those performed with Asiatic populations and with non-Asiatic populations and sensitivity analysis. The heterogeneity was reduced significantly when subgroup analysis was done, for Asiatic population an OR of 2,06 (95% IC 1,60-2,85) and i2= 83,1% and for non-Asiatic population an OR of 1,12 (95% IC 1,04- 1,68) and i2=65,3% were found. CONCLUSION This study showed a significant association between metabolic syndrome and periodontitis. The lack of longitudinal studies in this area prevent from setting the direction of this association. Due to the high heterogeneity found, interventional and well controlled studies are encouraged to elucidate the magnitude of this association.