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Yield and quality response of four wheat cultivars to soil fertility, photoperiod and temperatureMetho, Lewis Amollo 09 October 2002 (has links)
The effects of soil nutrient status on the performance of four South African wheat genotypes were investigated in a long-term fertilization experiment. The objective was to quantify the effects of soil fertility on yield, yield components, grain nitrogen content, grain protein yield, grain protein content, flour yield and bread-making quality. The relative contribution of main stems and tillers, as well as the contribution of first, second and third kernels in the spikelets to grain yield and grain protein content were determined. The interactive effects between photoperiod, temperature and vernalization on grain yield, yield components and grain protein content were also quantified. Increasing soil fertility increased grain yield and most components of yield, grain nitrogen content, grain protein yield, aboveground biomass and harvest index, but depressed mean kernel mass. Significant interactions between cultivar and soil fertility were observed for grain yield, grain number, kernel mass, protein yield, biomass and harvest index, indicating differences in cultivar ability to produce yield and quality. Within a cultivar, the main stem, first tiller and second tiller did not differ in mean grain protein content, indicating that late-maturing tillers do not affect the grain protein content of wheat. Grain protein content, flour yield, loaf volume, water absorption and mixograph peak mixing time varied with soil fertility. The interaction between cultivar and soil fertility was significant for the above mentioned parameters with the exception of mixograph peak mixing time, indicating wheat genotypes differences in bread-making quality potential. The potential ability of wheat cultivar Kariega to produce higher grain yield, protein yield and loaf volume in the K and P limiting soil fertility situations deserve further investigation. In a growth chamber study, the low temperature regimes and long photoperiod conditions resulted in the highest grain yield, number of grains, largest mean kernel size and highest grain protein content. / Dissertation (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2003. / Plant Production and Soil Science / unrestricted
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Soil fertility enhancement through appropriate fertilizer management on winter cover crops in a conservation agriculture systemDube, Ernest January 2012 (has links)
A study was carried out to determine the effects of oat (Avena sativa) and grazing vetch (Vicia darsycapa) winter cover crops and fertilizer application on SOM, phosphorus (P) pools, nutrient availability, nutrient uptake, maize yield and seedbanks of problematic weeds in an irrigated maize-based conservation agriculture (CA) system. A separate experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of the winter cover crops on nitrogen (N) management, N use efficiency and profitability. After four years of continuous rotation, the winter cover crops significantly (p<0.05) increased particulate SOM and hot water soluble carbon in the 0 – 5 and 5 – 20 cm soil depths. When fertilized, oat was better able to support SOM sequestration in water stable aggregates at 0 – 20 cm whilst grazing vetch was more effective at 20 – 50 cm. Where no fertilizer was invested, there were significant (p<0.01) reductions in biomass input and SOM on oat-maize and weedy fallow-maize rotations whereas vetch-maize rotations did not respond, both at 0 – 5 and 5 – 20 cm. Targeting fertilizer to the winter cover crop required less fertilizer, and yet gave a similar SOM response as targeting the fertilizer to the maize crop. In addition to increasing SOM in the surface soil (0 – 5 cm), the winter cover crops significantly (p<0.05) increased labile pools of P, including microbial P. The cover crops also significantly (p<0.05) increased maize P concentration during early growth, extractable soil P, Cu, Mn, and Zn but had no effect on Ca and K. Grazing vetch increased soil mineral N but reduced extractable soil Mg. Without fertilizer, there were sharp declines in maize grain yield on oat and weedy fallow rotations over the four year period, but less so, on the grazing vetch. Grazing vetch increased maize growth, grain yield response to N fertilizer, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and profitability for fertilizer rates below 180 kg N ha-1. Oat effects however on maize yield and NUE were generally similar to weedy fallow. Based on the partial factor productivity of N, the highest efficiencies in utilization of fertilizer N for maize yield improvement under grazing vetch and oat are obtained at 60 kg N ha-1 and would decline thereafter with any increases in fertilizer application rate. Grazing vetch gave N fertilizer replacement values of up to 120 kg N ha-1 as well as the highest marginal rates of return to increasing N fertilizer rate. The cover crops were more effective than the weedy fallow in reducing seedbank density of Digitaria sanguinalis, Eleusine indica, Amaranthus retroflexus and Datura stramonium at 0 – 5 cm soil depth, causing weed seed reductions of 30 - 70%. The winter cover crops however, selectively allowed emergence of the narrow leafed weeds; Cyperus esculentus and Digitaria sanguinalis in the maize crop. The findings of this study suggested that grazing vetch is suited for SOM improvement in low fertilizer input systems and that fertilizer is better invested on winter cover crops as opposed to maize crops. Oat, on the other hand, when fertilized, would be ideal for C sequestration in water stable aggregates of the surface soil. Grazing vetch is ideal for resource poor farmers who cannot afford mineral fertilizers as it gives grain yield improvement and high fertilizer replacement value. Grazing vetch can produce enough maize yield response to pay its way in the maize-based systems and oat may not require additional N than that applied to the weedy fallow. Phosphorus and Zn are some of the major limiting essential plant nutrients on South African soils and the winter cover crops could make a contribution. The cover crops also hasten depletion of some problematic weeds from seedbanks, leading to reduced weed pressure during maize growth.
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Effects of BT Maize (MON810) crop and its residues on selected soil biological properties and N and P release in a sandy loam soil from Alice, Eastern Cape, South AfricaLandzela, Besule January 2013 (has links)
There are apprehensions that genetic modification of maize with Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) may have negative effects on soil biodiversity, ecosystem processes and functions. This study aimed at determining the effect of Bt maize crop, Bt maize residues and its genetic modification on microbial biomass carbon (MBC), selected enzyme activities, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi and N and P release patterns. The study was conducted under field, glasshouse and laboratory conditions. In 2010/2011 season, four maize cultivars; DKC 61-25B (Bt), DKC 61-24 (non-Bt), PAN 6Q-321B (Bt) and PAN6777 (non-Bt) were planted. Determination of MBC, enzyme activities and fungal spore count was done at 42, 70, and 105 days after planting (DAP). A loam soil amended with Bt or non-Bt maize leaf residues from a study of 2009/2010 season was incubated to investigate effects of Bt maize residues on MBC and soil enzyme activities. Leaf residues of Bt and non-Bt maize cultivars (DKC 61-25B, DKC 61-24, PAN 6Q-321B and PAN6777) were used and soil without residues was used as a control. Samples were collected at 7, 28 and 56 days of incubation (DOI). An incubation study was also carried out in the laboratory to determine the effect of Bt maize residues (i.e. leaf, stem and root) and its genetic modification on N and P release patterns. Residues of DKC 61-25B, DKC 61-24, PAN 6Q-321B and PAN6777and soil without residues as a control were incubated in the laboratory. After destructive sampling at 0, 7, 14, 28, and 56 DOI, N in the form of NH4-N and NO3-N and P mineralisation were determined. Amendment of soil with residues enhanced MBC (p < 0.05) at all the sampling dates. For example MBC increased from 95 in the control to 146.3 mg/kg in the DKC 61-25B treatment at the end of the glasshouse trial. In the field DKC 61-25B had 9.1 mg/kg greater MBC than DKC 61-24, while PAN 6Q-321B had 23.9 mg/kg more MBC than PAN6777 at the end of the trial. However, no differences (p < 0.05) were observed in enzyme activities under field and glasshouse conditions except for dehydrogenase that had greater activity where DKC 61-25B and PAN 6777 were grown. There were no differences between the type of residues (Bt and non-Bt) on enzyme activities tested. However, differences were observed among the sampling dates. No effects of Bt maize crop on fungal spore count were observed. Similarly no differences were observed in leaf, stem and root tissues composition between Bt and non-Bt maize cultivars. Net N and P mineralisation from Bt maize cultivars did not differ from that of non-Bt maize cultivars. However, differences were observed among the cultivars. The results of this study suggested that Bt maize with Bt MON810 event can be grown in the central region of the Eastern Cape (EC), South Africa without affecting MBC, soil enzyme activities, VAM, and release of N and P nutrients from its residues.
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Fontes de fósforo associadas á adubação orgânica no plantio da cana-de-açúcar / Sources of phosphorus in association with organic fertilization sugarcane cropFactur, Vanessa Dias 28 May 2008 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2008-05-28 / The objective of this work was to evaluate different sources of phosphorus fertilization in association with organic matter in sugarcane crop. The experiment was conducted in Penápolis, northwest region of the Sao Paulo state, Penapolis during 2006/2007 agricultural year with RB 72454 genotype. Six treatments were done with phosphorus sources for the crop in soluble, reactive and natural form being this last source supplied in three doses associated with organic matter. The phosphate fertilization was applied in the ridge during the sowing. Crop was conducted following the rules for the region. The complete randomized blocks design was used with four repetitions. The following characteristic were studied: sugarcane tillering was at 90 days, growth and absorption of phosphorus by the plant at 180 days, soil soluble phosphorus at 360 days and yield at twelve months old crop. Results indicated that there was no influence of phosphate fertilization in crop tillering, whereas the treatment that received fertilization with reactive phosphate increased the number of internodes in the plant at 180 days. Treatments that had received fertilization with soluble phosphate and natural phosphate in 200 dose kg per hectare provided significant increments in foliar P concentration at 180 days. Concentration of phosphorus in soil was increased with fertilization using reactive e natural phosphate in association with organic matter. The results of productivity of the culture showed that the use of different sources of phosphorus in the culture did not modify significantly the production of the year sugarcane / Com o objetivo de avaliar diferentes fontes de adubação fosfatada e sua associação com matéria orgânica, na adubação da cana-de-açúcar (cana de ano), foi conduzido experimento em Penápolis, região noroeste de SP, durante os anos de 2006 / 2007, utilizando-se a variedade RB 72454. Foram realizados seis tratamentos utilizando-se como fontes de fósforo para a cultura os fosfatos: solúvel, reativo e natural, sendo esta última fonte fornecida em três doses associadas com composto orgânico. O adubo fosfatado foi aplicado no sulco durante o plantio. A cultura foi conduzida seguindo os tratos culturais recomendados para a região. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. Foi avaliado o perfilhamento aos 90 dias; o crescimento e absorção de fósforo pela planta, aos 180 dias; a disponibilidade de fósforo no solo e o rendimento final aos doze meses de idade. Não houve influência da adubação fosfatada no perfilhamento da cana, mas o tratamento que recebeu a adubação com fosfato teve reativo, aumentou o número de entrenós na planta aos 180 dias do plantio. Os tratamentos que receberam a adubação com fosfato solúvel e com fosfato natural, na dose 200 kg por hectare, proporcionaram incrementos significativos quanto a teores de fósforo no tecido foliar aos 180 dias. Os teores de fósforo disponíveis no solo aos 360 dias, após o plantio, foram incrementados pelos tratamentos com fosfato reativo e natural em maiores doses associados à de matéria orgânica. Os resultados na produtividade da cultura mostraram que a utilização de diferentes fontes de fósforo no plantio não alteraram significativamente a produção de cana-de-açúcar
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Atributos microbiológicos, físicos e químicos de solos na região oeste paulista / Microbiological, physical and chemical attributes of soil in the western region of São Paulo stateVicente, Giovana Cristina Maschio Pelagio 03 September 2010 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2010-09-03 / The fertility and microbial activity in soil have been often used to indicate changes in soil quality. The microbial activity directly interacts with environmental conditions, soil types and different agricultural production systems used. Despite advances in this area, it is still a great challenge to define good indicators of soil quality, their interactions and behavior over time. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the current state of soils under pastures in the western region of São Paulo using the evaluation and correlation of the microbial attributes and soil fertility. We performed on 108 soil samples, collected in settled pastures, analysis of thirteen variables in a laboratory within the microbial attributes, fertility and soil texture. The findings of the evaluation of the microbial demonstrated that microbial biomass had the lowest coefficient of variation, normal distribution of frequency and significantly correlated with most variables analyzed, on the other side, within the attributes of fertility of the soil, pH had the lowest rate variation while the phosphorus content demonstrated large variations with disproportionately high frequency among other variables, indicating the current status of soil degradation. The soil microbial biomass can be considered a good indicator for microbiological evaluation in these soils. The principal component analysis demonstrated that 51% of the variation was concentrated in the axis 1 and 2, which is considered representative for multivariate environmental assessment / A fertilidade e a atividade microbiana em solo têm sido utilizadas com frequencia para indicar mudanças na qualidade do solo. A atividade microbiana interage diretamente com as condições ambientais, classes de solo e diferentes sistemas de produção agrícola utilizados. Apesar dos avanços nesta área ainda é um grande desafio a definição de bons indicadores de qualidade do solo, suas interações e comportamento ao longo do tempo. Desta forma, o objetivo desse estudo foi verificar o estado atual de solos sob pastagens na região oeste paulista utilizando-se da avaliação e correlação de atributos microbiológicos e de fertilidade do solo. Foram realizadas em 108 amostras de solos, coletadas em áreas de pastagens estabelecidas, análises de treze variáveis em laboratório, dentro dos atributos microbiológicos, de fertilidade e granulométrico do solo. Os resultados encontrados na avaliação dos atributos microbiológicos demonstraram que a biomassa microbiana apresentou o menor coeficiente de variação, distribuição normal de freqüência e correlação significativa com a maioria das variáveis analisadas, por outro lado dentro dos atributos de fertilidade do solo o pH apresentou o menor coeficiente de variação enquanto que o teor fósforo apresentou grande variação com freqüência desproporcional indicando junto com outras variáveis o estado atual de degradação do solo. A biomassa microbiana do solo pode ser considerada como bom indicador para avaliação microbiológica nestes solos. A análise de componentes principais apresentou que 51% da variação concentrou-se dentro do eixo 1 e 2 o que é considerado representativa para avaliação ambiental multivariada
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Adubação de boro na cultura da canola em latossolo vermelho arenoso na Região Oeste Paulista / Boron fertilization in canola cultivation on red sandy latosol in the Western Region of São Paulo StateGuerra, Wellington Eduardo Xavier 13 December 2013 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2013-12-13 / In the western region of São Paulo state the cultivation of brassica plants it is commonly indicated B application at planting, because of the lack of information about this element in its type of soil. The objective of this study was to observe the reaction of B dosages in the culture of canola (Brassica napus L. var. oleifera) in Red Sandy Latosol in the Western São Paulo state. The experimental design was a completely randomized type, under a factorial 2 x 4 with 4 replications (two cultivars and four dosages of B). It was evaluated two different cultivars: Hyola 401 and Hyola 76. The concentration of Boron (0,0, 0,5, 1,0 and 2,0 kg B ha-1), was calculated by using boric acid - PA reagent, applied directly to the soil. The biometric parameters analyzed involved: plant height, stem diameter, shoot dry mass, root dry mass, number of branches, production of seeds per plant, seeds moisture content, 1000 grain weight, germination, seed oil content and accumulation of nutrients. All of them were subjected to the analysis of variance by F test, and comparison of means by Tukey test at 5% significance, and polynomial regression analysis through statistical programs. The results indicated that the culture of canola responded doses of B in the parameters of grain weight plant-1, root dry mass and oil percentage to grow Hyola 76. The Hyola 401 had the highest percentage of germination with 0,5 kg B ha-1. But Hyola 76 showed higher germination percentage than Hyola 401. Ratings among the cultivars Hyola 76 had a better performance in all biometric parameters regarding Hyola 401. / Na região oeste do estado de São Paulo para plantas do grupo das brássicas é indicada aplicação de B no plantio, em virtude da carência de informações sobre aplicação de B no solo. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a resposta da cultura da canola (Brassica napus L. var. oleifera) à doses de B em Latossolo Vermelho Arenoso na região oeste paulista. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o delineamento inteiramente casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2 x 4 com 4 repetições (dois cultivares e quatro doses de B), avaliando dois cultivares, Hyola 401 e a Hyola 76. As doses de Boro em forma de ácido bórico P.A foram de (0,0, 0,5, 1,0 e 2,0 kg B ha-1) aplicados no solo. Os parâmetros biométricos analisados foi a altura da planta, diâmetro do caule, massa seca da parte aérea, massa seca da raiz, número de ramificações, massa de sementes por plantas, massa de mil grãos, germinação, teor de óleo e acúmulo de nutrientes. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância pelo teste F, comparação das médias pelo de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade e também á análise de regressão polimonial por meio de programa estatístico. Os resultados indicaram que a cultura da canola respondeu as doses de B nos parâmetros de massa de grão planta-1, massa seca da raíz e na porcentagem de óleo para o cultivar Hyola 76. A Hyola 401 apresentou a maior porcentagem de germinação com 0,5 kg B ha-1. Mas a Hyola 76 apresentou maior porcentagem de germinação que a Hyola 401. Nas avaliações entre os cultivares a Hyola 76 teve um melhor desempenho em todos os parâmetros biométricos em relação à Hyola 401.
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Fontes de fósforo associadas á adubação orgânica no plantio da cana-de-açúcar / Sources of phosphorus in association with organic fertilization sugarcane cropFactur, Vanessa Dias 28 May 2008 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T17:51:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2008-05-28 / The objective of this work was to evaluate different sources of phosphorus fertilization in association with organic matter in sugarcane crop. The experiment was conducted in Penápolis, northwest region of the Sao Paulo state, Penapolis during 2006/2007 agricultural year with RB 72454 genotype. Six treatments were done with phosphorus sources for the crop in soluble, reactive and natural form being this last source supplied in three doses associated with organic matter. The phosphate fertilization was applied in the ridge during the sowing. Crop was conducted following the rules for the region. The complete randomized blocks design was used with four repetitions. The following characteristic were studied: sugarcane tillering was at 90 days, growth and absorption of phosphorus by the plant at 180 days, soil soluble phosphorus at 360 days and yield at twelve months old crop. Results indicated that there was no influence of phosphate fertilization in crop tillering, whereas the treatment that received fertilization with reactive phosphate increased the number of internodes in the plant at 180 days. Treatments that had received fertilization with soluble phosphate and natural phosphate in 200 dose kg per hectare provided significant increments in foliar P concentration at 180 days. Concentration of phosphorus in soil was increased with fertilization using reactive e natural phosphate in association with organic matter. The results of productivity of the culture showed that the use of different sources of phosphorus in the culture did not modify significantly the production of the year sugarcane / Com o objetivo de avaliar diferentes fontes de adubação fosfatada e sua associação com matéria orgânica, na adubação da cana-de-açúcar (cana de ano), foi conduzido experimento em Penápolis, região noroeste de SP, durante os anos de 2006 / 2007, utilizando-se a variedade RB 72454. Foram realizados seis tratamentos utilizando-se como fontes de fósforo para a cultura os fosfatos: solúvel, reativo e natural, sendo esta última fonte fornecida em três doses associadas com composto orgânico. O adubo fosfatado foi aplicado no sulco durante o plantio. A cultura foi conduzida seguindo os tratos culturais recomendados para a região. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. Foi avaliado o perfilhamento aos 90 dias; o crescimento e absorção de fósforo pela planta, aos 180 dias; a disponibilidade de fósforo no solo e o rendimento final aos doze meses de idade. Não houve influência da adubação fosfatada no perfilhamento da cana, mas o tratamento que recebeu a adubação com fosfato teve reativo, aumentou o número de entrenós na planta aos 180 dias do plantio. Os tratamentos que receberam a adubação com fosfato solúvel e com fosfato natural, na dose 200 kg por hectare, proporcionaram incrementos significativos quanto a teores de fósforo no tecido foliar aos 180 dias. Os teores de fósforo disponíveis no solo aos 360 dias, após o plantio, foram incrementados pelos tratamentos com fosfato reativo e natural em maiores doses associados à de matéria orgânica. Os resultados na produtividade da cultura mostraram que a utilização de diferentes fontes de fósforo no plantio não alteraram significativamente a produção de cana-de-açúcar
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Atributos microbiológicos, físicos e químicos de solos na região oeste paulista / Microbiological, physical and chemical attributes of soil in the western region of São Paulo stateVicente, Giovana Cristina Maschio Pelagio 03 September 2010 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2010-09-03 / The fertility and microbial activity in soil have been often used to indicate changes in soil quality. The microbial activity directly interacts with environmental conditions, soil types and different agricultural production systems used. Despite advances in this area, it is still a great challenge to define good indicators of soil quality, their interactions and behavior over time. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the current state of soils under pastures in the western region of São Paulo using the evaluation and correlation of the microbial attributes and soil fertility. We performed on 108 soil samples, collected in settled pastures, analysis of thirteen variables in a laboratory within the microbial attributes, fertility and soil texture. The findings of the evaluation of the microbial demonstrated that microbial biomass had the lowest coefficient of variation, normal distribution of frequency and significantly correlated with most variables analyzed, on the other side, within the attributes of fertility of the soil, pH had the lowest rate variation while the phosphorus content demonstrated large variations with disproportionately high frequency among other variables, indicating the current status of soil degradation. The soil microbial biomass can be considered a good indicator for microbiological evaluation in these soils. The principal component analysis demonstrated that 51% of the variation was concentrated in the axis 1 and 2, which is considered representative for multivariate environmental assessment / A fertilidade e a atividade microbiana em solo têm sido utilizadas com frequencia para indicar mudanças na qualidade do solo. A atividade microbiana interage diretamente com as condições ambientais, classes de solo e diferentes sistemas de produção agrícola utilizados. Apesar dos avanços nesta área ainda é um grande desafio a definição de bons indicadores de qualidade do solo, suas interações e comportamento ao longo do tempo. Desta forma, o objetivo desse estudo foi verificar o estado atual de solos sob pastagens na região oeste paulista utilizando-se da avaliação e correlação de atributos microbiológicos e de fertilidade do solo. Foram realizadas em 108 amostras de solos, coletadas em áreas de pastagens estabelecidas, análises de treze variáveis em laboratório, dentro dos atributos microbiológicos, de fertilidade e granulométrico do solo. Os resultados encontrados na avaliação dos atributos microbiológicos demonstraram que a biomassa microbiana apresentou o menor coeficiente de variação, distribuição normal de freqüência e correlação significativa com a maioria das variáveis analisadas, por outro lado dentro dos atributos de fertilidade do solo o pH apresentou o menor coeficiente de variação enquanto que o teor fósforo apresentou grande variação com freqüência desproporcional indicando junto com outras variáveis o estado atual de degradação do solo. A biomassa microbiana do solo pode ser considerada como bom indicador para avaliação microbiológica nestes solos. A análise de componentes principais apresentou que 51% da variação concentrou-se dentro do eixo 1 e 2 o que é considerado representativa para avaliação ambiental multivariada
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Adubação de boro na cultura da canola em latossolo vermelho arenoso na Região Oeste Paulista / Boron fertilization in canola cultivation on red sandy latosol in the Western Region of São Paulo StateGuerra, Wellington Eduardo Xavier 13 December 2013 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T17:51:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Wellington Eduardo Xavier Guerra.pdf: 517213 bytes, checksum: e4312a4c04b742d7d293d503e16d7494 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2013-12-13 / In the western region of São Paulo state the cultivation of brassica plants it is commonly indicated B application at planting, because of the lack of information about this element in its type of soil. The objective of this study was to observe the reaction of B dosages in the culture of canola (Brassica napus L. var. oleifera) in Red Sandy Latosol in the Western São Paulo state. The experimental design was a completely randomized type, under a factorial 2 x 4 with 4 replications (two cultivars and four dosages of B). It was evaluated two different cultivars: Hyola 401 and Hyola 76. The concentration of Boron (0,0, 0,5, 1,0 and 2,0 kg B ha-1), was calculated by using boric acid - PA reagent, applied directly to the soil. The biometric parameters analyzed involved: plant height, stem diameter, shoot dry mass, root dry mass, number of branches, production of seeds per plant, seeds moisture content, 1000 grain weight, germination, seed oil content and accumulation of nutrients. All of them were subjected to the analysis of variance by F test, and comparison of means by Tukey test at 5% significance, and polynomial regression analysis through statistical programs. The results indicated that the culture of canola responded doses of B in the parameters of grain weight plant-1, root dry mass and oil percentage to grow Hyola 76. The Hyola 401 had the highest percentage of germination with 0,5 kg B ha-1. But Hyola 76 showed higher germination percentage than Hyola 401. Ratings among the cultivars Hyola 76 had a better performance in all biometric parameters regarding Hyola 401. / Na região oeste do estado de São Paulo para plantas do grupo das brássicas é indicada aplicação de B no plantio, em virtude da carência de informações sobre aplicação de B no solo. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a resposta da cultura da canola (Brassica napus L. var. oleifera) à doses de B em Latossolo Vermelho Arenoso na região oeste paulista. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o delineamento inteiramente casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2 x 4 com 4 repetições (dois cultivares e quatro doses de B), avaliando dois cultivares, Hyola 401 e a Hyola 76. As doses de Boro em forma de ácido bórico P.A foram de (0,0, 0,5, 1,0 e 2,0 kg B ha-1) aplicados no solo. Os parâmetros biométricos analisados foi a altura da planta, diâmetro do caule, massa seca da parte aérea, massa seca da raiz, número de ramificações, massa de sementes por plantas, massa de mil grãos, germinação, teor de óleo e acúmulo de nutrientes. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância pelo teste F, comparação das médias pelo de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade e também á análise de regressão polimonial por meio de programa estatístico. Os resultados indicaram que a cultura da canola respondeu as doses de B nos parâmetros de massa de grão planta-1, massa seca da raíz e na porcentagem de óleo para o cultivar Hyola 76. A Hyola 401 apresentou a maior porcentagem de germinação com 0,5 kg B ha-1. Mas a Hyola 76 apresentou maior porcentagem de germinação que a Hyola 401. Nas avaliações entre os cultivares a Hyola 76 teve um melhor desempenho em todos os parâmetros biométricos em relação à Hyola 401.
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Sensoriamento remoto para estimativa dos parâmetros físicos e químicos para fertilidade do solo da Fazenda Experimental Lageado, Botucatu/SP /Gonçalves, Aline Kuramoto January 2019 (has links)
Orientador: Zacarias Xavier Barros / Resumo: O uso de ferramentas computacionais e da tecnologia desenvolvida por ferramentas do sensoriamento remoto para o mapeamento e estimação da fertilidade do solo são importantes para o desenvolvimento de áreas com práticas agrícolas. O emprego da técnica por meio da análise espacial pode proporcionar melhorias no manejo do solo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar a fertilidade dos solos da Fazenda Experimental Lageado que pertence a Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas- UNESP, localizada na cidade de Botucatu/São Paulo através dos atributos do solo e as bandas espectrais do vermelho, verde e azul do Vant (Veículo Aéreo Não Tripulado) e do satélite LandSat- 8. Neste contexto, o atributo do solo é essencial para entendermos a sua fertilidade. Foi utilizado um conjunto de amostras de solos com 52 amostras para correlacionar com as respostas espectrais dos solos nos comprimentos de onda do visível, para a geração do modelo. Os dados foram separados em três áreas e apresentaram coeficientes de correlação variam entre -0,58 a 0,56 para imagens de Vant entretanto para as imagens de satélites foram correlações fracas. Para o Vant os preditores mais correlacionados ph e matéria orgânica. Os resultados obtidos pela análise de regressão r² foram considerados baixos, sendo não indicado não espacialização e a geração do modelo de fertilidade. / Abstract: The use of computational tools and the technology developed by remote sensing tools for mapping and estimating soil fertility are important for the development of areas with agricultural practices. The use of the technique through spatial analysis can provide improvements in soil management. The objective of this work was to estimate the fertility of the soils of the Experimental Lageado Farm which belongs to the Faculty of Agronomic Sciences - UNESP, located in the city of Botucatu / São Paulo through the soil attributes and the spectral bands of the red, green and blue of the drone and the LandSat- 8 satellite. In this context, the soil attribute is essential to understand its fertility. A set of soil samples with 52 samples was used to correlate with the spectral responses of the soils in the visible wavelengths, for the generation of the model. The data were separated into three areas and showed correlation coefficients ranging from -0.58 to 0.56 for drone images however for satellite images they were weak correlations. For Vant, the most correlated predictors are ph and organic matter. The results obtained by the r² regression analysis were considered low, with no spatialization and the generation of the fertility model being indicated. / Doutor
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