Submitted by Lara Oliveira (lara@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-09-05T20:10:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 HeráclitoLSC_DISSERT.pdf: 1069727 bytes, checksum: abc74355e1d080608cd2dd0667526f62 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vanessa Christiane (referencia@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-09-06T15:20:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 HeráclitoLSC_DISSERT.pdf: 1069727 bytes, checksum: abc74355e1d080608cd2dd0667526f62 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vanessa Christiane (referencia@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-09-06T15:22:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 HeráclitoLSC_DISSERT.pdf: 1069727 bytes, checksum: abc74355e1d080608cd2dd0667526f62 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-06T15:22:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HeráclitoLSC_DISSERT.pdf: 1069727 bytes, checksum: abc74355e1d080608cd2dd0667526f62 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The sabiá (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth.) and the jucá (Caesalpinia férrea Mart. ex. Tul) are species of the leguminosae family and are part of the native vegetation of the northeastern semiarid the Caatinga. The objective of this study was to evaluate the development of the plant and nodulation of arboreal species in different land uses in the Potiguar semiarid. To perform the experiment were collected nine soil samples with different uses: three samples with agricultural cultivation (AC), three samples of native forest (NF) and three samples with degradation characteristics (DE). Physical analysis and soil chemistry were made, and also processed and distributed in bags of seedlings with 5L capacity, with one plant per bag. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse. The harvest of the experiment was performed 90 days after the transplanting. The variables analyzed were: plant height (PH), stem diameter (SD), dry matter of the aerial part (DMAP), root dry weight (RDW), dry matter of the whole plant (DMWP) and number of nodes (NN). The experimental design was completely randomized, with 9 treatment and 3 repetitions. We found a smaller SD, DMAP, RDW and DMWP in NF2 soils, DE1 and DE2 to the sabiá. For the jucá the lowest growth of plants was in NF2 and DE2 soils. The sabiá presented nodulation in all soils, while the jucá not formed any nodule. Soils with degradation characteristics provided the sabiá greater number of nodes than the agricultural soils and native vegetation / O sabiá (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth.) e o jucá (Caesalpinia férrea Mart. ex. Tul) são espécies da família leguminosae e fazem parte da vegetação nativa do semiárido nordestino a Caatinga. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o desenvolvimento da planta e nodulação de espécies arbóreas em diferentes usos do solo no Semiárido Potiguar. Para realização do experimento foram coletadas nove amostras de solos com diferentes usos: três amostras com cultivos agrícolas (AG), três amostras de mata nativa (MN) e três amostras com características de degradação (DE). Foram realizadas analises física e química dos solos, sendo processados e distribuídos em sacos de mudas com capacidade de 5L, com uma planta por saco. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação. A colheita do experimento foi realizada aos 90 dias após transplantio. As variáveis analisadas foram: altura da planta (AP), diâmetro do colo (DC), massa seca da parte aérea (MSPA), massa seca de raiz (MSR), massa seca da planta inteira (MSPI) e número de nódulos (NN). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com 9 tratamento e 3 repetições. Foi observado menor DC, MSPA, MSR e MSPI nos solos MA2, DE1 e DE2 para o sabiá. Para o jucá o menor desenvolvimento das plantas foi nos solos MA2 e DE2. O sabiá apresentou nodulação em todos os solos, enquanto o jucá não formou nódulo nenhum. Os solos com características de degradação proporcionaram ao sabiá maior numero de nódulos que os solos agricultáveis e de mata nativa / 2017-09-05

Since agriculture began, field management has been at the forefront of expanding food production beyond previous limitations. Agricultural productivity is closely related to the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil. Landscape position and field management are among primary factors affecting these soil properties. Delineation of topographic positions of the field surface by shape (i.e., convex, concave, and linear) characterizes areas that may accumulate or lose soil and nutrients either during a discrete event or cumulatively over several growing seasons. Increased soil compaction, degradation of soil structure, and erosion have all been attributed to declining agricultural production. In addition to the physical disturbance from cultivation, erosion and deposition of soil components in different landscape positions explain a large part of the heterogeneity of soil properties across an agriculture field. In response to this, conservation tillage techniques, precision agriculture, and other novel management strategies have been developed to reduce negative impacts conventional row crop production such as nutrient pollution and compaction while optimizing farmer inputs. The objective of this project was to evaluate effects of topographic position and conservation tillage techniques on soil physical, chemical, and biological properties on the field scale as well as correlate certain soil attributes with suspended soil runoff collected during the sprinkle infiltration test. Soil fertility sampling was completed every fall from 2011 to 2014 and additional sampling of soil physical properties was taken in the spring between 2013 and 2014. Differences between fall conservation tillage treatments, no-till (NT), AerWay® aerator (AA), and Great Plains Turbo-Till® (GP), and topographic positons, concave, convex and linear were analyzed. Sediment runoff and earthworm biomass were also collected in the fall in 2014. Results indicated a significant increase of soil organic matter (12%-24%), water stable aggregates (78%-98%), phosphorus (43%-76%), and cation exchange capacity (28%-35%) within concave over the convex landscape positions. Soil strength was significantly lower in the field managed with the GP vertical tillage disk compared with the AA field to a depth of 27.5 cm and the NT field to depth of 17.5 cm. Crop residue coverage (percent covered) was more complete in the NT field (12%) and the GP field (3%) compared with the AA field. Suspended sediment runoff was negatively correlated with water-stable aggregates, Ca, and Mg, but positively correlated with earthworm biomass. Extractable nutrients and soil physical properties were also strongly affected by air temperature and precipitation throughout the study period. Characterizing soil properties within topographic positions has potential applications in precision agriculture management, such as reducing excessive fertilization, and identifying areas of increased pollution potential. Evaluation of the tandem effects of conservation tillage tools and topographic position within central Illinois is important in order for the optimization of production and conservation of resources. Physical disturbance from tillage and the transport of sediment from eroded areas to depositional topographic positions are key factors influencing the variability of soil properties, crop productivity, and potential sediment-borne nutrient pollution within individual agricultural fields.

The expression of glyphosate resistance can vary within single field populations of common waterhemp and Palmer amaranth. This variability in expression can translate into control ranging from 20 to 80%, which could be the difference in a minor versus a major failure in weed management. Certain application parameters that have been previously associated with glyphosate efficacy, such as glyphosate application time of day and plant stress may exacerbate this variability and lead to failed control of plants on the lower end of the resistance spectrum. Greenhouse research was conducted in 2011 to determine the influence of glyphosate application time of day on the expression of resistance in common waterhemp and Palmer amaranth. Control of both glyphosate-susceptible (GS) and -resistant (GR) weed species showed similar trends in response to glyphosate with respect time of application. Decreased sensitivity of all Amaranthus biotypes was greatest at 9:00 pm and may be attributed to an observed shift in leaf orientation from horizontal to vertical at the time of glyphosate application in response to low-light conditions. The altered leaf orientation most likely reduced herbicide spray coverage. The magnitude of resistance, the difference in the sensitivity of the resistant versus susceptible biotypes, was unaffected by glyphosate application time of day; however, these results indicate that even in resistant populations glyphosate applied at suboptimal times of day such as the evening can cause a further increase in weed escapes from glyphosate. Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted in 2011 and 2012 to determine the influence the soil nutrient amendments on glyphosate sensitivity and growth rate and of GS and GR common waterhemp and Palmer amaranth. In both the GR and GS biotypes of common waterhemp the sensitivity to glyphosate was increased as fertilizer was introduced. However, only the sensitivity of the susceptible biotype of Palmer amaranth was increased with the addition of fertilizer. The lack of response in the GR Palmer amaranth population to fertilizer can be associated with the fact that due to carrier volume limitations enough glyphosate could not be applied to achieve 50% control. The magnitude of resistance was decreased numerically with the addition of fertilizer in both weed species; however, only in common waterhemp was the magnitude of resistance significantly different with the use of high rates fertilizer. The use of fertilizer also had an influence on the growth rate and dormancy of axillary buds. Lateral branching (broken dormancy in axillary buds) was increased in both common waterhemp and Palmer amaranth with the addition of fertilizer. Converting dormant buds to active meristems favors glyphosate translocation and could be responsible for increased glyphosate efficacy. In the field, glyphosate efficacy in GR common waterhemp and Palmer amaranth was also increased with addition of fertilizer; however, this effect was variable. Optimizing the efficacy of glyphosate when applied to even mixed populations of GS and GR Palmer amaranth and common waterhemp can reduce surviving weeds that can produce seed and perpetuate the frequency of glyphosate resistance in the field. Furthermore, greater efficacy of glyphosate may translate into relatively less significant failures in glyphosate applications allowing for successful rescue herbicide treatments and minimal impact on crop yield compared with a complete glyphosate failure with dramatic implications on reduced crop yield and increased weed seed production.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-11-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:22:37Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 traballi_rc_dr_botfca.pdf: 1930714 bytes, checksum: b2df395d7fc8829f61c7ecf07dee05fc (MD5) / O objetivo do presente trabalho foi determinar, através dos conhecimentos da estatística, o número mínimo de amostras de solo a ser coletado em uma área fertilizada com lodo de esgoto para que, depois de analisadas, representem, com elevada confiabilidade, a composição química do solo estudado. Para isso foram utilizadas parcelas de 486m² compostas por 9 linhas espaçadas de 3,0m. Em cada linha foram plantadas 9 mudas de espécies nativas da Mata Atlântica, espaçadas de 2,0m entre elas, totalizando 81 plantas. Os tratamentos foram constituídos da aplicação de lodo de esgoto nas seguintes doses: 2,5; 5,0; 10,0; 15,0 e 20,0 t ha-1 e os números de amostras simples testados para compor uma amostra composta foram: 5, 10, 15, 20 e 25, sendo as mesmas coletadas entre 0 e 20 cm de profundidade. O delineamento experimental seguiu a metodologia de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições, no esquema de parcelas subdivididas, sendo que as parcelas foram constituídas pelas doses de lodo de esgoto e as subparcelas pelo número de amostras. Para as variáveis: matéria orgânica, fósforo e cálcio, o número de amostras simples para formar uma amostra composta não foi influenciado pela dose de lodo de esgoto. Para a determinação das variáveis pH, H + Al+3 e M.O., foi observado que após aplicação de 20 t ha-1 há necessidade de se coletar, no mínimo, 5 amostras simples para formar uma amostra composta confiável, enquanto que para se determinar os teores de K, Ca e Mg com alta confiabilidade foram necessários números iguais ou superiores a 20 amostras simples para formar uma composta / The goal of this paper was to apply statistical techniques in determining the minimum number of soil samples to be collected in a fertilized area with sewage sludge which, after analyses, represent, with high confidence, the chemical composition of the analyzed soil. To this end parcels of 486 m2 were used, consisting of 9 lines set out in a 3 meter interval and in each line 9 Mata Atlântica plants, alternating with a mix of pioneering, secondary and climax plants were planted at a 2 meter interval, totaling 81 plants. These plants were fertilized with sewage sludge in the following doses: 2,5; 5,0; 10,0; 15,0 and 20,0 t ha-1. For every dose of sewage sludge, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 simple soil samples were collected, thus composing the samples that were sent out for laboratory analysis. The experimental design followed the random block method with four repetitions, in an outline of subdivided parcels, where the parcels were made of doses of sewage sludge and the sub parcels of number of samples collected. The measured values of Ca, Mg, P and K obtained from the analyzed soil were varying, confirming to the doses of sewage sludge applied, but the number of samples were not influenced by agricultural practice, leaving the spatial variability for each type of variable. Based upon obtained results it can be concluded that, in order to determine pH, H+ + Al+3 and M.O. of the variables, after applying 20 t ha-1, it is necessary to collect, at least, 5 simple samples as a base for a reliable composed sample. To determine the values of K, Ca and Mg, with high confidence, 20 or more simple samples were needed to make such a composed sample.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-01-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:44:33Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 nobile_fo_dr_jabo.pdf: 950891 bytes, checksum: 991ee152b4b900e19be6c0045271c1a2 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o uso do composto de lixo, biofertilizante como fonte de nutrientes e resíduo do processamento da bauxita como corretivo da acidez do solo para a cultura da cana-de-açúcar (cana-planta), irrigada com água potável e servida doméstica. Para tanto foi conduzido experimento em vaso, preenchido com Argissolo Vermelho-amarelo distrófico, cultivando a variedade RB855536. Foram avaliadas variáveis químicas do solo na camada de 0-20 e 20-40 cm, da água lixiviada e nas diferentes partes da planta (raiz, colmo e folha), e variáveis biométrias da cultura (altura, diâmetro do colmo, perfilhamento, números de folhas, matéria seca de raiz e da parte aérea). Os resultados obtidos indicaram que o composto de lixo e o biofertilizante constituíram-se como fonte de nutrientes para as plantas de cana-de-açúcar, mas é necessária aplicação adicional de fertilizantes para a obtenção de produção de colmos similares ao do tratamento com adubação mineral convencional, já o resíduo do processamento da bauxita apresentou-se como material corretivo com atributos químicos e físicos semelhantes ao tratamento com adubação mineral e calcário. Os nutrientes presentes na água lixiviada são proporcionais a sua adição ao solo e em função de cada tratamento, sendo que, todos os elementos avaliados estão dentro dos limites estabelecidos pela legislação. Os teores de metais pesados no solo, na planta e na água lixiviada não foram alterados com a aplicação dos resíduos. A qualidade da água de irrigação, potável ou servida, não influenciou as variáveis estudadas. / The agricultural use is an interesting alternative of exploitation of organic residues and industrial for representing you arrive in port of nutrient of plants and organic matter to the soil. In this direction, the objective of this work was to evaluate the use of the urban solid waste, biofertilizer as source of nutrients and residue of the processing of the bauxite as corrective of the acidity of the soil for the culture of the sugar cane (cane plant), irrigated with potable water and wastewater. For in such a way experiment in vase was lead, under soil Alfisol, cultivated with the variety RB855536. They had been evaluated chemical variable of the soil in the layer of 0-20 and 20-40 cm, of the leachate water and the different parts of the plant (root, stalk an leaf), and biometrics variables (height plant, diameter of stem, tillering, numbers of leafs, root dry matter and the aerial part). The nutrients in the leachate water are proportional its addition to the soil and in function of each treatment, being that, all the evaluated elements are inside of the limits established for the legislation. The application of urban solid waste and biofertilizer, in the rates calculated in function of the nitrogen content, and residue of the processing of the bauxite, calculated on the basis of the lime necessity for the method of bases saturation, had not caused deleterious effect in the quality of the soil, of the water and of the raw material produced. The content heavy metal in the soil, the plant and the leachate water had not been modified with the application of the residue in comparison to the mineral fertilization. The quality of the water of irrigation, potable or residuary, did not influence the variable studies.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-04-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:45:42Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 cojunior_c_dr_jabo.pdf: 771211 bytes, checksum: 2514fabf2a9a11bd79af83b4e42be6db (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a composição química do solo (M.O, CTC e H+Al), em cinco camadas (0-20, 20-40, 40-60, 60-80 e 80-100 cm), com 18 cultivares da cana-de-açúcar. O experimento foi realizado na Fazenda de Ensino e Pesquisa da FCAV/UNESP, localizada no Município de Jaboticabal, Estado de São Paulo. O experimento foi instalado em um Latossolo-Vermelho Escuro, eutrófico, A moderado, textura muito argilosa – EUTRUSTOX. Nas camadas (0-20, 20-40, 40-60, 60-80 e 80-100 cm) foram coletadas 03 subamostras dos solos que, depois foram submetidas à análise química para fins de fertilidade, as quais foram realizadas pelo Laboratório de Análise de Solo do Departamento de Solos e Adubos da FCAV. Foram realizados três experimento com delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados com 6 cultivares e 3 epocas, em esquema fatorial 6x3, com 3 repetições para cada cultivar. Os tratamentos principais foram composto por 6 cultivares precoces, 6 cultivares médias e 6 cultivares tardias e o secundário as 3 épocas analisadas (12, 15 e 17 meses). Nas cultivares precoces os valores de CTC no solo acompanharam todos os resultados da matéria orgânica, apresentando redução dos valores ao longo das épocas analisadas. Relação inversa foi obtida pela acidez potencial. Nas cultivares médios, o solo com a cultivar IACSP94-4004 se destacou, apresentando os maiores teores de matéria orgânica e menor teor de acidez potencial, além de obter elevados valores de CTC na camada superficial do solo. Enquanto que para as cultivares tardias os valores de CTC no solo acompanharam todos os resultados da matéria orgânica, apresentando redução dos valores ao longo das épocas analisadas. A acidez potencial aos 17 meses apresentou maiores valores em toda camadas analisadas / The aim of this study was to analyze the chemical composition of soil (organic matter, CEC and H + Al) in five layers (0-20, 20-40, 40-60, 60-80 and 80-100 cm) with 18 cultivars of cane sugar. The experiment was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm, FCAV / UNESP, located in Jaboticabal, São Paulo. The experiment was installed in a dystrophic, dark red, well-nourished, moderate, clayey - EUTRUSTOX. Layers (0-20, 20-40, 40-60, 60-80 and 80-100 cm) were collected 03 subsamples of the soils that were later subjected to chemical analysis for fertility, which were performed by the Laboratory of Soil Analysis, Department of Soils and Fertilizers of FCAV. We conducted three experiments with randomized complete block design with six cultivars and three epochs in 6x3 factorial design with three replications for each cultivar. The main treatments consisted of 6 early cultivars, six medium and six cultivars late cultivars and the three secondary sampling seasons (12, 15 and 17 months). In the early cultivars in the soil CEC values followed all the results of organic matter, a reduction of the values along the studied periods. Inverse relationship was obtained by the potential acidity. Cultivars, the average soil with cv IACSP94-4004 stood out, with higher organic matter content and lower acidity potential, and achieve high CEC values in the topsoil. While for the late cultivars in the soil CEC values followed all the results of organic matter, a reduction of the values along the studied periods. The potential acidity at 17 months was highest in all layers analyzed

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-01-05Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:06:56Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_mg_dr_ilha.pdf: 1029625 bytes, checksum: 080b94329c7749130601ebdc81e0312f (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O SPD é uma prática conservacionista que preconiza o não revolvimento do solo, sua cobertura por matéria seca e rotação de culturas. Depois de instalado, inicia-se um contínuo acúmulo de matéria seca e fertilizantes na superfície do solo, acelerando seu processo de acidificação, afetando diretamente o desenvolvimento das culturas, fazendo-se necessária a correção de sua acidez. Em SPD, a aplicação de materiais corretivos é realizada superficialmente sem prévia incorporação, muitas vezes reduzindo sua eficácia, que pode ser facilitada utilizando-se produtos com maior solubilidade aliados à rotação de culturas. Assim, os experimentos (área de sequeiro e área irrigada por aspersão) foram desenvolvidos na mesma área experimental da UNESP - Campus de Ilha Solteira, localizada no município de Selvíria (MS), de 2004 a 2007, em um Latossolo Vermelho de cerrado, objetivando avaliar os efeitos da aplicação de corretivos de acidez, em SPD já estabelecido, em conjunto com diferentes sucessões de culturas, ao longo de três anos, sobre as características físicas, movimentação de bases, correção da acidez do solo, bem como as alterações proporcionadas na produtividade das culturas, em região de inverno seco, sob condições de sequeiro e irrigação por aspersão. As parcelas foram constituídas por três modalidades de correção (I - Calcário dolomítico; II - Silicato; III - Sem correção) e as subparcelas por quatro sucessões de culturas (I. milho + braquiária - soja + braquiária - arroz + braquiária; II. milho - feijão - milheto - soja - triticale - milheto - arroz - feijão; III. milho - pousio - soja - pousio - arroz - pousio; IV. milho - guandu - soja - milheto - arroz - guandu). Para efeito de análise em blocos casualizados com parcelas subdivididas foram considerados ambos os fatores... / No tillage system is a vegetative conservationist practice that advocates the nonrevolving soil, its dry matter coverage and crop rotation. After installed, starts a continuous dry matter and fertilizers accumulation in soil surface, accelerating acidity process, directly affecting crop development, making necessary acidity correction. In no-tillage system, liming materials application is made superficially without previous incorporation, sometimes reducing your effectiveness, which can be facilitated using products with more solubility allies crop rotation. Thus, the experiments (rainfed and sprinkler-irrigated area) were carried out in a UNESP - Ilha Solteira Campus experimental area, in Selvíria county, from 2004 to 2007, on a Red Latosol (Typic Haplustox) of Brazilian Savann Haplorthox, aiming to evaluate lime surface application effects, in a established no-tillage system, with crop succession combination, beyond three years, on physical properties, cations movement, soil acidity correction, and crop productivity, in a dry winter region, under rainfed and sprinkler-irrigated condition. Plots were composed by three liming modalities (I - dolomitic lime; II - calcium and magnesium silicate; III - control - no lime) and subplots composed by four crop successions (I - Corn + Brachiaria brizantha / Soybean + Brachiaria brizantha / Rice + Brachiaria brizantha; II - Corn / Common Bean / Millet / Soybean / Triticale / Millet / Rice / Common Bean; III - Corn / Fallow / Soybean / Fallow / Rice / Fallow; IV - Corn / Pigeon pea / Soybean / Millet / Rice / Pigeon pea). For the randomized complete block design, in a splitplot scheme analysis was considerate both factors (liming modalities and crop succession). For the randomized complete block design analysis was considered as a treatment only the liming modalities. For the summer crops, it was used a randomized... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-10-07Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:24:46Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 tarsitano_ra_dr_ilha.pdf: 908599 bytes, checksum: 0c365f48aa7be7494859c3994a1aab35 (MD5) / A acidez do solo é um dos fatores que limitam a produção das culturas em solos altamente intemperizados, como a maioria dos solos que ocorrem no Brasil e sua omissão pode comprometer seriamente a produtividade e o uso eficiente de fertilizantes. O trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar economicamente a aplicação de calcário e/ou gesso e sua influência nos atributos químicos do solo, características agronômicas e produtividade das culturas de milho, soja, feijão e milho, cultivadas em sucessão em uma área irrigada por pivô central em sistema de plantio direto. O experimento foi instalado no ano de 2011 na área experimental da UNESP - Câmpus de Ilha Solteira, localizada no município de Selvíria – MS. O delineamento experimental foi blocos casualizados, com parcelas de 28 m2 dispostas em esquema fatorial 4 x 4, com 4 repetições. Como tratamentos foram utilizados quatro doses de calcário (0; 2,0; 4,0 e 6,0 t ha-1) e quatro doses de gesso (0; 1,5; 3,0 e 4,5 t ha-1) aplicados em superfície. A sucessão de culturas utilizada foi milho, soja, feijão e milho, respectivamente com cultivo de primavera/verão e outono inverno. Foram avaliados os atributos químicos do solo (MO, K, Ca, Mg, H, H+Al, S, Cu, Mn e Zn) em diferentes profundidades (0,0 – 0,05, 0,05 – 0,10, 0,10 – 0,20 e 0,20 – 0,40 m), ao final do primeiro ano após a aplicação do calcário e/ou gesso; características agronômicas; produtividade de grãos e análise econômica através da técnica da orçamentação parcial. Verificou-se aumento no valor de pH de forma linear até 0,20 m de profundidade em função das doses de calcário e na camada de 0,20 a 0,40 m, em função das doses de gesso. O calcário aumenta o teor de Ca até a profundidade de 0,10 m e de Mg até 0,40 m e o gesso aumenta o teor de Ca apenas na camada de 0,10 a 0,20 m e o teor de Mg de forma... / The soil acidity is one of the factors that limit the cultivation production in highly weathered soils, as most of the soils that happen in Brazil. The limestone is an essential practice in the case of most of the Brazilian acid soils and its omission can jeopardize the productivity and the fertilizer efficient use seriously. In this sense, the correct handling of this practice it is, fundamental to elevate the productive capacity of these soils. This study has the objective to evaluate technique and economically the effect of the limestone and/or gypsum application about the soil chemical attributes, agronomic characteristics and productivity of corn, soybean, bean and corn, crops cultivated in succession in an area irrigated by central pivot in no-tillage system. The experiment was installed in 2011 in the UNESP experimental field – Ilha Solteira campus, located in the city of Selvíria/MS. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with treatments arranged in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme with 4 repetitions. The experimental design was it of randomized blocks, with portions of 28m2 arranged in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme with 4 repetitions. As treatments were used four limestone doses (0; 2,0; 4,0 and 6,0 t ha-1 and four doses of gypsum (0; 1,5; 3,0 and 4,5 t ha-1 )applied in surface. The succession of cultivation used was corn, soybean, bean and corn respectively in spring/summer and fall/winter. They were appraised the soil chemical attributes (MO, K, Ca, Mg, H, H+Al, S, CU, Mn e Zn) in different depths (0,0 - 0,05, 0,05 - 0,10, 0,10 - 0,20 and 0,20 - 0,40 m), at the end of the first and the second year after the application of limestone and gypsum; agronomic characteristics; grain productivity being also accomplished economic analysis through the economic analysis. It was utilized the technique of partial budgeting technique. Increasing... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-02T11:16:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-02-27Bitstream added on 2014-12-02T11:20:55Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000799546.pdf: 1015792 bytes, checksum: 7bd9c98c12b925f49ae1e8252c12b945 (MD5) / O sistema plantio direto (SPD) é uma prática de cultivo amplamente utilizada no Brasil, sendo que a dinâmica da acidez do solo e a manutenção da palhada no cerrado nesse sistema ainda precisam ser mais pesquisadas e elucidadas. Diante do contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as alterações nas características químicas do solo e agronômicas da soja em função de culturas de cobertura, residual de adubação nitrogenada e doses de calcário reaplicadas em superfície, em área com sistema plantio direto estabelecido há oito anos. O trabalho foi realizado na FEPE/UNESP – Campus de Ilha Solteira, o qual iniciou-se no ano agrícola de 2000/01 com a implantação do sistema plantio direto. No ano agrícola de 2001/02, iniciaram-se os quatro modos de aplicação de calcário e um tratamento testemunha, sem aplicação de calcário, com uso de culturas de cobertura na primavera. No ano agrícola 2003/04, subdividiram-se as parcelas para a instalação dos tratamentos com três doses de nitrogênio (0, 90 e 180 kg ha-1) e sucedeu-se a soja pelo milho. A soja se tornou a principal cultura novamente na safra 2006/07 e na safra 2007/08 foi realizada a reaplicação de calcário em superfície, calculada em função dos resultados da análise química do solo obtida no ano de 2006. O presente trabalho refere-se ao ano agrícola de 2008/09, que teve a semeadura das culturas de cobertura no mês de outubro e em sucessão (dezembro/2008), a cultura da soja do cultivar BR/MG 68 (Vencedora) foi semeada no espaçamento de 0,45 m entre linhas e com 300 kg ha-1 da formulação 04-20-20, no sulco de semeadura. Na cultura da soja foi avaliado a população inicial e final, nodulação, estado nutricional das plantas no florescimento pleno, características agronômicas, massa de 1000 grãos e produtividade de grãos. Após a colheita da soja, foram coletadas amostras de solos nas camadas de 0,00-0,05; ... / No-tillage (NT) is a widely used practice of cultivation in Brazil, and the dynamics of soil acidity and maintenance of the straw in Savannah in this system need to be further investigated and elucidated. Given the context, this study aimed to evaluate changes in soil chemical characteristics and agronomic traits of soybean as a function of cover crops, residual nitrogen and lime rates reapplied to the surface, where an area with no-tillage system has been established for eight years . The study was conducted at experimental area UNESP – Ilha Solteira Campus, which began in crop year 2000/01 with the implementation of no-tillage. In crop year 2001/02, began the four modes of application of lime and a control treatment without lime application, using cover crops in Spring. In crop year 2003/04, is subdivided parcels for the installation of treatments with three nitrogen rates (0, 90 and 180 kg ha-1) and succeeded soybeans by corn. Soybean has become the main crop again in 2006/07 and 2007/08 harvest was performed reapplication of lime surface, calculated according to the results of chemical analysis of soil obtained in 2006. This paper refers to the agricultural year 2008/09, which had the seeding of cover crops (pearl millet and sunn hemp) in October and in succession (December 2008), the soybean cultivar BR / MG 68 (Vencedora), was sown at a spacing of 0.45 m between rows and 12 kg of N, 60 kg of P2O5 and 60 kg of K2O per hectare was used at planting. In the soybean crop was rated the initial and final population, nodulation, nutritional status of plants in full bloom, agronomic characteristics, mass of 1000 grains and grain yield. After soybean harvest, soil samples were collected in layers of 0.00 to 0.05, 0.05-0.10, 0.10-0.20 and 0.20-0.40 m depth and evaluated the following chemical characteristics: pH, OM, P, K, Ca, Mg and base saturation. OM increases until the layer of 0.20 – 0.40 m of ...

The soybean crop is of great importance for Brazilian agriculture, ensuring unquestionable relevance of the country, both as a producer, as an exporter of the grain. In this context, shows the precision agriculture, the main premise the management of variability found in field. This search for efficiency results in better productivity results, through a new strategy of farm management. Soil analysis in precision agriculture is georeferenced, attributing results to a specific crop location, which allows viewing of the variability of soil attributes through thematic maps. This work aimed to evaluate the soybean yield from the fixed-rate fertilization of an agricultural field, based on the minimum values for phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in the soil analysis of the layer 0-0,10 m deep. Seeking to productivity 3.000 kg ha-1, the recommendation was 395 kg ha-1 of fertilizer in the formulation 2-23-23. A yield map was generated and this was compared with the soil chemical properties. The results indicated a yield range and the overall average well below expectations. These results were attributed to adverse environmental conditions (water stress and high temperatures), suffered by culture. / A cultura da soja é de grande importância para a agricultura brasileira, garantindo uma inquestionável relevância do país, tanto como produtor, como exportador do grão. Neste contexto, apresenta-se a agricultura de precisão, tendo como principal premissa o manejo das variabilidades encontradas a campo. Esta busca pela eficiência resulta em melhores resultados de produtividade, através de uma nova estratégia de gestão agrícola. A análise de solo realizada na agricultura de precisão é georeferenciada, atribuindo seus resultados a um local especifico da lavoura, o que permite a visualização da variabilidade dos atributos do solo através de mapas temáticos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a produtividade da cultura da soja, a partir da adubação a taxa fixa de um talhão agrícola, baseada nos valores mínimos encontrados para fósforo (P) e potássio (K) na análise de solo da camada 0 a 0,10 m de profundidade. Buscando-se uma produtividade de 3.000 kg ha-1, a recomendação foi de 395 kg ha-1 de adubo, na formulação 2-23-23. Foi gerado um mapa de produtividade e este foi comparado com os atributos químicos do solo. Os resultados indicaram uma amplitude de produtividade e a média geral bem abaixo da esperada. Estes resultados foram atribuídos às condições ambientais adversas (estresse hídrico e altas temperaturas), sofridas pela cultura.