Submitted by Filippe Santa Fé (fsantafe@gmail.com) on 2013-07-31T22:49:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Poder_preditivo_versao_final.pdf: 1657453 bytes, checksum: 6504132a61068c66a84f8b59fd5518ae (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzinei Teles Garcia Garcia (suzinei.garcia@fgv.br) on 2013-08-01T17:31:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Poder_preditivo_versao_final.pdf: 1657453 bytes, checksum: 6504132a61068c66a84f8b59fd5518ae (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-01T17:32:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Poder_preditivo_versao_final.pdf: 1657453 bytes, checksum: 6504132a61068c66a84f8b59fd5518ae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-03 / Based on the methodology idealized by Frankel and Lown (1994), developed with the intent to perfect the one used by Mishkin (1990a, 1990b) by allowing, as opposed to that one, the long term real interest rate to vary, this paper intends to verify the existence, as far as brazilian data is concerned, of the empirical evidence already found in countries such as the United States of America and German regarding the predictive power of the slope of the yield curve on the future trajectory for inflation data. The marginal changes carried on by Frankel and Low are important because they allow the final results to be interepreted within a context that is more in line with reality, that is, where monetary policy decisions have the capability to influence the behavior of the long term interest rate for a given economy. This paper will assess, for the period between january 2003 and january 2013, the predictive power exhibited by a variety of indicators whose task is to measure the slope of the yield curve when faced with data for the brazilian consumer price índex (IPCA). In a nutshell, it is found that, in line with what is reported in the international literature, there is evidence that the several measures used to depict the slope cointain information about the future variation of inflation. Despite the fact that some measures perform this task better than others, this characteristic is common to all, regardless of the way inflation data is presented in, i.e. with or without seasonal adjustments, and also regardless of the way in which intereste rates variables are represented. / Com base em uma metodologia desenvolvida por Frankel e Lown (1994), que surge para aperfeiçoar o arcabouço utilizado por Mishkin (1990a,1990b) ao permitir, em contraposição a este, a variação ao longo do tempo da taxa de juros real de longo prazo de uma economia, o presente trabalho se propõe a verificar o existência, para dados brasileiros, de evidências empíricas que suportem a aceitação da hipótese de que a estrutura a termo da curva de juros possui informações que auxiliam na previsão da trajetória futura da inflação, característica já encontrada em dados de algumas economias desenvolvidas, como Estados Unidos e Alemanha. A modificação marginal implementada por Frankel e Lown é importante porque permite que os resultados finais sejam interpretados dentro de um contexto teórico mais próximo da realidade, isto é, onde as decisões de política monetária são capazes de influenciar a variável acima mencionada. Analisa-se, para o período de janeiro de 2003 a janeiro de 2013, o poder explicativo que diversas medidas de inclinação da curva de juros local têm sobre a variação futura do índice de preços ao consumidor ampliado (IPCA), o mais importante da economia brasileira. Em linhas gerais, encontramos que, em consonância com a experiência internacional, independente de tratarmos os dados na forma com ou sem ajustes sazonais, ou de tratar as variáveis relativas à taxa de juros como logaritmo de um fator mais suas taxas ou de apresentá-las em seu próprio nível, existem evidências empíricas que indicam a existência de poder preditivo desta variável explicativa sobre a referida variável dependente, ou ao menos tornam difícil rejeitar, em um primeiro momento, esta hipótese inicial.

Esse trabalho propõe estudar o grau de integração da estrutura a termo da taxa de juros com o mercado global e regional nos países da América Latina. Modelos de fatores dinâmicos foram usados para extrair os fatores globais, regionais e idiossincráticos da estrutura a termo como em Diebold, Li e Yue (2008) e Bae e Kim (2011). Foi encontrado que a estrutura a termo da taxa de juros da América Latina é integrada ao mercado global além de existir uma integração regional entre os países. Esse resultado é robusto ao fazer análises de subpériodos. No entanto, o proporção de variância explicada por cada fator varia conforme mudamos a amostra analisada. Essa variação pode ser consequência do período pós-crise e das politicas monetárias realizadas pelos principais Bancos Centrais no período. Ademais, a curva de juros do Brasil parece ter sido pouca influenciada por fatores globais pois o país apresentava condições macroeconômicas diferentes do restante do mundo. / In this work we propose to study the degree of integration of the term structure of interest rate of Latin America countries with global and regional markets. Using dynamic factor models as Diebold, Li e Yue (2008) and Bae e Kim (2011) to extract the global, regional and country specific factors we found that the term structure of interest rates of Latin America countries is integrated with global and regional markets. This result is robust studying different sample periods. However, the proportion of variance explained by those factors change when the sample periods change. This variation in the proportion of variance can be understood as consequence of the post crises period and the unconventional monetary policy that followed. Brazil term structure doesn\'t seem to be affected to global components. We interpret this last result as being a consequence of the different economic cycle that the country had comparing to the rest of the world.

A solução da maioria dos problemas práticos enfrentados por administradores financeiros passa pela identificação prévia do custo de oportunidade para investimentos de diferentes prazos e riscos. Este trabalho busca, no conjunto de seus capítulos, realizar uma avaliação crítica das propriedades da estrutura temporal de taxas de juros em reais e de sua utilização como variável exógena fundamental na análise financeira. Sem a pretensão de esgotar qualquer dos temas abordados, procurou-se estabelecer a curva de juros para investimentos livres de riscos em moeda nacional e, através de um conjunto de testes empíricos e observações informais de séries de dados de mercado, identificar peculiaridades que possam invalidar a implementação no Brasil de modelos desenvolvidos no contexto internacional. Dados os aspectos característicos do mercado doméstico evidenciados nos estudos, foram apresentados modelos explicativos tanto para a formação das taxas prefixadas de período quanto para a determinação da remuneração de operações financeiras indexadas à taxa referencial TR. / The solution to most of the problems facing financial managers requires prior identification of the cost of money for different maturities and risks. This paper aims, in its overall content, to examine the Brazilian currency yield curve’s properties and its supporting role in financial analysis. With no intention of exhausting any of the tackled subjects, the Real risk-free term structure was defined and a set of empirical tests performed to identify, with the support of additional data observation, local market’s peculiarities that might prevent international models from being accurately applied in Brazil. Given the domestic market’s distinguishing features emphasized in the studies, models were proposed to explain how short term interest rates are determined in the marketplace for derivatives, and to allow the pricing of financial instruments indexed to the so called TR benchmark (Taxa Referencial).

A estimação da estrutura da taxa de juros é relevante por duas razões fundamentais: em primeiro lugar é considerado como um indicador antecipado de política, sendo uma das principais ferramentas para os bancos centrais como instrumento de política monetária; em segundo lugar, através da curva de rendimentos é possível fazer valoração de ativos financeiros. A causa da sua relevância, tanto na área macroeconômica e como no campo financeiro, uma ampla literatura dedicada a estimá-la se desenvolveu. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste documento é a previsão da curva de rendimentos da Colômbia através da metodologia de Spectrum Singular Analysis (SSA) durante o período 2006-2014. Para a previsão são usados parâmetros diários estimados pelo modelo de fatores de Nelson e Siegel (1987). Os resultados indicam ganhos na acurácia preditiva fora da amostra da abordagem de MSSA em relação ao modelo Random Walk e outros benchmarks amplamente usados na literatura, principalmente nos horizontes de previsão mais curtos. Os resultados são estatisticamente significantes. Assim mesmo, observasse que o MSSA se ajusta melhor que os modelos competidores em todos os horizontes para as previsões das menores maturidades. / The estimation of the Yield curve is relevant because of two fundamental reasons: firstly, it is considered an anticipated indicator of economic policies, being one of the principal central banks tools as instrument of monetary policy; secondly, through this estimation it is possible to valuate financial assets. Due to its relevance in the macroeconomics area and the financial field, an extensive literature has been dedicated to its estimation. Concerning that, the goal of this document is to get a prediction of Colombia’s yield curve through the Spectrum Singular Analysis (SSA) from 2006 to 2014. Daily estimated parameters by Nelson and Siegel (1987) factors model are used to obtain the prognostication. Results are statistically significant and indicate gains of the MMSA on the accuracy of previsions out of the sample in relation to the Random Walk competitor model and other benchmarks widely used in literature, mainly on short term previsions. Likewise, we observe that the MSSA method is better adjusted than competitors’ models in all the horizons for the previsions where maturity is lower. / La estimación de la curva de rendimientos es relevante por dos razones fundamentales: en primer lugar es considerado como un indicador anticipado de política económica, siendo una de las principales herramientas para los bancos centrales como instrumento de política monetaria; en segundo lugar, a través de esta es posible realizar valoración de activos financieros. Dada su relevancia tanto en el área macroeconómica como en el campo financiero una amplia literatura ha sido dedicada a su estimación. En este sentido, el objetivo de este documento es la previsión de la curva de rendimientos de Colombia a través de la metodología de Spectrum Singular Analysis (SSA) durante noviembre de 2006 a diciembre de 2014. Para su pronóstico son usados los parámetros diarios estimados por el modelo de factores de Nelson e Siegel (1987). Los resultados son estadísticamente significativos e indican ganancias del método MSSA en la precisión de las previsiones fuera de la muestra principalmente en horizontes de previsión más cortos en relación al Random Walk y otros benchmarks ampliamente usados en la literatura. Así mismo, se observa que el método MSSA se ajusta mejor que los modelos competidores en todos los horizontes para las previsiones donde el vencimiento es menor.

Exchange rate forecasting is hard issue for most of floating exchange rate economies. Studying exchange rate is very attractive matter since almost no model could beat random walk in short run yet. Relative yields and information in relative yield curves are contemporary topics in empirical literature and this study follows Chen and Tsang (2009) who model exchange rate changes with relative factors obtained from Nelson-Siegel (1987) yield curve model and find that relative factor model can forecast exchange rate change up to 2 years and perform better than random walk in short run. Analysis follows the methodology defined by Chen and Tsang (2009) and TL/USD, TL/EUR exchange rate changes are modeled by the relative factors namely relative level, relative slope and relative curvature. Basically, 162 weekly datasets from 09.01.2007 to 16.03.2010 are used and the relative factors for each week are estimated. Afterwards, regression analysis is made and results show that relative level and relative curvature factors are significant up to 4-6 weeks horizon but relative slope does not provide any valuable information for exchange rate prediction in Turkish financial market. Length of forecasting horizon of relative factor model is too short when compared to other exchange rate models. Since it is accepted that exchange rates follow random walk, we provided some tests to compare performance of the model. Similar to the literature, only short run performance of relative factor model is compared to random walk model and concluded that the relative factor model does not provide better forecasting performance in Turkish financial market

No description available.

A estimação da estrutura da taxa de juros é relevante por duas razões fundamentais: em primeiro lugar é considerado como um indicador antecipado de política, sendo uma das principais ferramentas para os bancos centrais como instrumento de política monetária; em segundo lugar, através da curva de rendimentos é possível fazer valoração de ativos financeiros. A causa da sua relevância, tanto na área macroeconômica e como no campo financeiro, uma ampla literatura dedicada a estimá-la se desenvolveu. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste documento é a previsão da curva de rendimentos da Colômbia através da metodologia de Spectrum Singular Analysis (SSA) durante o período 2006-2014. Para a previsão são usados parâmetros diários estimados pelo modelo de fatores de Nelson e Siegel (1987). Os resultados indicam ganhos na acurácia preditiva fora da amostra da abordagem de MSSA em relação ao modelo Random Walk e outros benchmarks amplamente usados na literatura, principalmente nos horizontes de previsão mais curtos. Os resultados são estatisticamente significantes. Assim mesmo, observasse que o MSSA se ajusta melhor que os modelos competidores em todos os horizontes para as previsões das menores maturidades. / The estimation of the Yield curve is relevant because of two fundamental reasons: firstly, it is considered an anticipated indicator of economic policies, being one of the principal central banks tools as instrument of monetary policy; secondly, through this estimation it is possible to valuate financial assets. Due to its relevance in the macroeconomics area and the financial field, an extensive literature has been dedicated to its estimation. Concerning that, the goal of this document is to get a prediction of Colombia’s yield curve through the Spectrum Singular Analysis (SSA) from 2006 to 2014. Daily estimated parameters by Nelson and Siegel (1987) factors model are used to obtain the prognostication. Results are statistically significant and indicate gains of the MMSA on the accuracy of previsions out of the sample in relation to the Random Walk competitor model and other benchmarks widely used in literature, mainly on short term previsions. Likewise, we observe that the MSSA method is better adjusted than competitors’ models in all the horizons for the previsions where maturity is lower. / La estimación de la curva de rendimientos es relevante por dos razones fundamentales: en primer lugar es considerado como un indicador anticipado de política económica, siendo una de las principales herramientas para los bancos centrales como instrumento de política monetaria; en segundo lugar, a través de esta es posible realizar valoración de activos financieros. Dada su relevancia tanto en el área macroeconómica como en el campo financiero una amplia literatura ha sido dedicada a su estimación. En este sentido, el objetivo de este documento es la previsión de la curva de rendimientos de Colombia a través de la metodología de Spectrum Singular Analysis (SSA) durante noviembre de 2006 a diciembre de 2014. Para su pronóstico son usados los parámetros diarios estimados por el modelo de factores de Nelson e Siegel (1987). Los resultados son estadísticamente significativos e indican ganancias del método MSSA en la precisión de las previsiones fuera de la muestra principalmente en horizontes de previsión más cortos en relación al Random Walk y otros benchmarks ampliamente usados en la literatura. Así mismo, se observa que el método MSSA se ajusta mejor que los modelos competidores en todos los horizontes para las previsiones donde el vencimiento es menor.

This thesis represents an in-depth empirical study of the dependence structures within the term structure of interest rates. Firstly, a comprehensive overview of term structure modelling literature and methods is provided together with a summary of theoretical notions regarding the use of high-frequency data and spectral analysis. Contrary to most studies, the frequency-domain approach is employed, with a special focus on dependency across various quantiles of the joint distribution of the term structure. The main results are obtained using the quantile cross-spectral analysis, a new robust and non-parametric method allowing to uncover dependence structures in quantiles of the joint distribution of multivariate time series. The results are estimated using a dataset consisting of 15 years worth of high-frequency tick-by-tick time series of US Treasury futures. Complex dependence structures are revealed showing signs of both cyclicity and dependence in various parts of the joint distribution of the term structure in the frequency domain. JEL Classification C49, C55, C58, E43, G12, G13 Keywords term structure of interest rates, yield curves, high-frequency analysis, spectral analysis, inter- est rate futures Author's e-mail adam.nedved@fsv.cuni.cz Supervisor's e-mail barunik@fsv.cuni.cz

In this thesis, I study the transmission of monetary policy through the term structure of interest rates. This is an important topic because, with short-term nominal interest rates in many advanced economies close to their effective lower bound since 2008-2009, central banks have used `unconventional' monetary policies, such as large-scale asset purchases and forward guidance, to stimulate macroeconomic activity by, inter alia, placing downward pressure on longer-term interest rates. I focus on the mechanisms through which monetary policy influences bond yields, domestically and globally, with reference to a canonical decomposition of longer-term interest rates into expectations of future short-term interest rates, and term premia. After an introduction in chapter 1, chapter 2 appraises the use of overnight indexed swap (OIS) rates as measures of expected future monetary policy. Unlike federal funds futures (FFFs), which have regularly been used to construct measures of US interest rate expectations, OIS rates are available in many countries. I find that US OIS rates provide measures of interest rate expectations that are as good as those from FFFs, and that US, UK, Eurozone and Japanese OIS rates up to a 2-year horizon tend to accurately measure interest rate expectations, providing comparable cross-country measures of monetary policy expectations. In chapter 3, I propose a novel method for estimating interest rate expectations and term premia at short and long-term horizons: a no-arbitrage Gaussian affine dynamic term structure model (GADTSM) augmented with OIS rates. Using 3 to 24-month OIS rates, the OIS-augmented model generates estimates of the expected path of short-term interest rates out to a 10-year horizon that closely correspond to those implied by FFFs rates and survey expectations, outperforming existing GADTSMs. I study the transmission of US unconventional monetary policies in chapter 4. Using the OIS-augmented GADTSM, I carry out an event study to demonstrate that US unconventional monetary policy announcements between November 2008 and April 2013 did significantly reduce US longer-term interest rates by affecting expectations and term premia. As a result of these declines, unconventional monetary policies aided US real economic outcomes. Using a structural vector autoregression, I show that changes in interest rate expectations, linked to monetary policy signalling, had more expansionary effects on US real economic outcomes than changes in term premia, associated with portfolio rebalancing. Chapter 5 assesses the international transmission of monetary policy through the term structure of interest rates between advanced economies. I present a micro-founded, two-country model with endogenous portfolio choice amongst country-specific short and long-term bonds, and equity. Within the model, US monetary policy has sizeable effects on longer-term interest rates in other advanced economies, which are similar to empirical estimates. Using the OIS-augmented GADTSM in an event study, I show that US monetary policy has led to changes in interest rate expectations in other advanced economies that amplify global spillovers, which have been partly mitigated by changes in term premia through portfolio rebalancing.

Submitted by Rafael Burjack Farias Duarte (burjack86@gmail.com) on 2016-04-08T00:01:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Final_bib.pdf: 5471404 bytes, checksum: 29bf9321d29ec324d42b89681de3eb28 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by GILSON ROCHA MIRANDA (gilson.miranda@fgv.br) on 2016-06-02T16:47:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Final_bib.pdf: 5471404 bytes, checksum: 29bf9321d29ec324d42b89681de3eb28 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2016-06-13T18:12:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Final_bib.pdf: 5471404 bytes, checksum: 29bf9321d29ec324d42b89681de3eb28 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-13T18:13:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Final_bib.pdf: 5471404 bytes, checksum: 29bf9321d29ec324d42b89681de3eb28 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-27 / Using a unique dataset on Brazilian nominal and real yield curves combined with daily survey forecasts of macroeconomic variables such as GDP growth, inflation, and exchange rate movements, we identify the effect of surprises to the Brazilian interbank target rate on expected future nominal and real short rates, term premia, and inflation expectations. We find that positive surprises to target rates lead to higher expected nominal and real interest rates and reduced nominal and inflation term premia. We also find a strongly positive relation between both real and nominal term premia and measures of dispersion in survey forecasts. Uncertainty about future exchange rates is a particularly important driver of variations in Brazilian term premia.