Ph.D.

No description available.

Yes / To build an evidence-informed theoretical model describing how to support people with dementia to live well or for longer at home. Methods: We searched electronic databases to August 2018 for papers meeting predetermined inclusion criteria in two reviews that informed our model. We scoped literature for theoretical models of how to enable people with dementia to live at home independently, with good life quality or for longer. We systematically reviewed Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs) reporting psychosocial intervention effects on time lived with dementia at home. Two researchers independently rated risk of bias. We developed our theoretical model through discussions with experts by personal, clinical and academic experiences, informed by this evidence base. Results: Our scoping review included 52 studies. We divided models identified into: values and approaches (relational and recovery models; optimising environment and activities; family carer skills and support); care strategies (family carer-focused; needs and goal-based; self-management); and service models (case management; integrated; consumer-directed). The 11 RCTs included in our systematic review, all judged at low risk of bias, described only two interventions that increased time people with dementia lived in their own homes. These collectively encompassed all these components except for consumer-directed and integrated care. We developed and revised our model, using review evidence and expert consultation to define the final model. Conclusions: Our theoretical model describes values, care strategies and service models that can be used in the design of interventions to enable people with dementia to live well and for longer at home. / This work forms the first phase of the NIDUS (New Interventions in Dementia Study), which is hosted within the Alzheimer’s Society Centre of Excellence for Independence at home (Centre of Excellence grant 330).

Magister Psychologiae - MPsych / There are many theories as to why adolescents engage in substance abuse. These theories have formed the basis of various substance abuse prevention programmes aimed at reducing this problem. Evaluation of these interventions is needed in order to assess their effectiveness and to improve on future prevention strategies. The literature highlights tensions and differences between the primary preventative approaches to substance abuse and the harm reduction model. It also suggests that psychosocial or life skills programmes and interventions employing a harm reduction approach tend to be viewed as more suitable for adolescents than other approaches. This study focuses on a high school intervention programme running since 1996, which has not yet been evaluated. It aimed to identify the programme's strengths and weaknesses, as well as participants' perception of the intervention. A qualitative research method was used, employing focus groups as the tool for data gathering. The sample for the study was made up of 30 volunteers from three grade 10 classes that completed the programme two years prior to this study. Data was transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis. Links were made to the two approaches referred to above. Analysis of the data indicated that although stories used to warn and frighten people were shown to have a shocking impact on the participants, pupils found it difficult to make the connection between the speakers' horrific stories and their own experimentation with drugs and alcohol. It was found that participants appreciated the fact that they were being informed about the dangers of substance use, and that they were encouraged to take responsibility for their own decisions regarding this behaviour. The informal, non-judgemental stance of the speakers served to reinforce this message. In conclusion, the study indicated that the different methods used in the various prevention programmes are in fact not altogether different. It is suggested that the various models are potentially compatible, and can perhaps work together to establish an effective preventative strategy.

[pt] Um modelo teórico de propagação foi desenvolvido e implantado em computador, baseado na técnica de traçado de raios, com o intuito de fornecer elementos para a análise do desempenho ou dimensionamento de enlaces terrestres de microondas operando em visibilidade, sob condições de céu claro. Este modelo combina os efeitos dos diagramas de radiação das antenas (amplitude e fase), reflexão e refração em camadas troposféricas, reflexão na superfície da Terra e da sua curvatura. O programa de computador pode ser usado para analisar a transmissão de sinais horizontalmente e verticalmente polarizados, bem como dos sinais circularmente polarizados, à esquerda e à direita. A título de validação do modelo e verificação da potencialidade do programa de computador, seus resultados são comparados usando exemplos comuns com os de modelos análogos, tendo-se obtido boa concordância. Finalmente, perfis verticais do índice de refração obtidos experimentalmente, são usados no cálculo de discriminação de Polarização Cruzada (XPD) e Isolação de Polarização Cruzada (XPI) de enlaces com reuso de freqüência. Os resultados obtidos são compatíveis com outros resultados de modelos semi-empíricos. / [en] With the objective of obtaining subsidies for the analysis and desing of microwave terrestrial links, under visibility and clear sky conditions, a theoretical model of propagation, based on ray tracing techniques, was developed. This model combines the effects of the radiation pattern of the antennas (amplitude and phase), reflection an refraction from the earth surface and the curvature of the earth. Based on this model, a computer program was generated, that is able to analyze the propagation of signals with the following polarizations: vertical, horizontal, left and rigth circular. To check the validity of the model, and the range of applicability of the computer program, several calculations were made, and the results compared to that obtained from other similar models. A good agreement was achieved. Finaly, measured profiles of refractive index were applied to the determination of cross polarization discrimination (XPD) and cross polarization isolation (XPI) in frequency reuse links. The results are comparable to that resultant from semi-empiric models.

Nesta tese de doutoramento foram propostos dois modelos teóricos (ZPM e GFA) para a obtenção da seção de choque de fusão e um (ZPM) para o cálculo do potencial de polarização para o canal elástico e correspondente seção de choque de espalhamento. Foi usado em todos os cálculos deste trabalho, tanto no tratamento da fusão quanto no do espalhamento elástico, o Potencial de São Paulo (SP), que possui como uma das principais características a total ausência de parâmetros ajustáveis. Conseqüentemente, todos os cálculos apresentados no contexto de diferentes modelos constituem previsões teóricas ao invés de simples ajustes de dados. Em uma análise comparativa acerca dos cálculos para a fusão, os modelos GFA e ZPM se mostraram equivalentes e compatíveis com cálculos de canais acoplados usuais, com a vantagem de incorporarem acoplamentos à toda banda vibracional e de permitirem a obtenção de cálculos acurados de seções de choque de fusão em energias extremamente abaixo da barreira. Aplicamos o modelo de ZPM ao cálculo da função de excitação de fusão para 112 sistemas de íons pesados, envolvendo tanto núcleos par-par como núcleos ímpar-par e ímpar-ímpar (incluindo alguns núcleos fracamente ligados), e confrontamos os resultados obtidos com dados experimentais existentes na literatura. Enquanto o modelo de penetração de barreira não-deformado prevê discordâncias de até onze ordens de magnitude, as previsões do modelo de ZPM mostraram-se de acordo com os dados dentro de duas ordens de grandeza. Ao confrontarmos os resultados do modelo de ZPM para as seções de choque de espalhamento elástico com dados experimentais para alguns sistemas em energias em torno da barreira coulombiana, pudemos constatar uma boa concordância. Desta forma, demonstramos que é possível tratar os canais de espalhamento elástico e de fusão de maneira consistente dentro do mesmo contexto. / In this Ph.D. thesis two theoretical models (ZPM and GFA) were proposed in order to obtain fusion cross sections and one (ZPM) to calculate the polarization potential for the elastic channel and the corresponding scattering cross section. The São Paulo (SP) potential, which has as one of its main characteristics the complete absence of adjustable parameters, was used as bare interaction in the calculations of the present work. Therefore, all results, presented in the context of different models, correspond to theoretical predictions instead of simply data fit. After a comparative analysis of fusion calculations, the GFA and ZPM models demonstrated to be equivalents and compatible with the usual coupled channel calculations, with the advantage of incorporating inelastic couplings to the complete vibrational band and of providing accurate fusion cross sections at extreme low energies relative to the Coulomb barrier. We applied the ZPM model to the calculation of the fusion excitation function for 112 heavy-ion systems, involving not only even-even nuclei but also odd-even and odd-odd ones (including some weakly-bound nuclei), and we compared the theoretical results with experimental data existing in literature. While the usual non-deformed barrier penetration model provides enhancements up to eleven orders of magnitude, the ZPM model predictions are in good agreement with the data within only two orders of magnitude. When confronting the ZPM model results with experimental data of elastic scattering cross sections for some systems, at energies around the Coulomb barrier, we found out good agreement between them. Therefore, we demonstrated that it is possible to treat the elastic scattering and fusion channels in a consistent manner, within the same context.

Resumo: O trabalho toma como fontes documentais os livros "Ensaio de uma teoria da Administração Escolar", de José Querino Ribeiro, e "Organização e Administração Escolar", de Manoel Bergström Lourenço Filho. Através dessas fontes, analisa-se a teoria de Administração Escolar produzida no Brasil, entre 1952 e 1963, objeto de estudo da pesquisa. A partir das datas de publicação dos livros referidos, o recorte histórico é delimitado entre 1930 e 1960. As três referências bibliográficas da área de Administração Escolar, comuns em ambos os livros, possibilitaram a investigação das raízes de modelos teóricos (racional/burocrático, de sistema social, político e anárquico) apresentados na obra "A Escola como Organização e a Participação na Organização Escolar", de Licínio C. Lima, utilizada como referência teórica. Os três trabalhos identificados, escritos em língua inglesa, foram: "Public School Administration", de Ellwood Cubberley; "School Administration. Its Development, Principles and Function in the United States", de Arthur B. Moehlman; e "The Nature of the Administrative Process. With Special Reference to Public School Administration", de Jesse B. Sears. A partir desse referencial teórico e metodológico, a pesquisa ensaiou uma abordagem sociológica na análise dos dados, apontando para a necessidade de um aprofundamento na área da Sociologia da Ciência. A tese defendida é a de que havia, nos anos de 1930, uma concepção de ciência que possibilitou a constituição inicial do campo de estudos da Administração Escolar. Nos anos de 1950, condições e processos de produção científicos diferenciados permitiram identificar as raízes dos modelos teóricos, constituindo-se como instrumentos analíticos. / Abstract: The doctoral dissertation has as sources the books "Ensaio de uma teoria da Administração Escolar", by José Querino Ribeiro and "Organização e Administração Escolar", by Manoel Bergström Lourenço Filho. Through those sources the school administration theory produced in Brazil between 1952 and 1963, the study object of the research, is analyzed. From the referred books publishing dates the research historical period of analysis is limited between 1930 and 1960. The three bibliographical references on school administration, common in both books, made it possible to investigate the roots of potential theoretical models (rational/bureaucratic, social system, political and anarchical) presented in the book "A Escola como Organização e a Participação na Organização Escolar", by Licínio C. Lima, used as theoretical reference on the subject. The three pieces of work identified, written in English, were: "Public School Administration", by Ellwood Cubberley; "School Administration. Its Development, Principles and Function in the United States", by Arthur B. Moehlman; and "The Nature of the Administrative Process. With Special Reference to Public School Administration", by Jesse B. Sears. The thesis defended is that there was, in the 1930's, a conception of science that permitted the initial constitution for School Administration studies. In the 1950's scientifically differentiated production conditions and processes made it possible to identify the roots of the theoretical models getting shaped as analytical instruments. / Orientador: Lourdes Marcelino Machado / Coorientador: Licínio C. Lima / Banca: Benno Sander / Banca: João Gualberto de Carvalho Meneses / Banca: Maria Sylvia Simões Bueno / Banca: Paschoal Quaglio / Doutor

Culturally appropriate conceptual models for practice are of major interest to occupational therapists, an emerging health profession in Thailand. Currently in Thailand, occupational therapy education and practice derives its conceptual models from Western models. How these models are translated into practice in Thailand is unclear, as there are currently no research studies relating to the cultural and clinical practice demands of Thai occupational therapists and of service delivery in Thailand. In addition, how occupational therapists in Australia apply conceptual models in practice has also been given limited attention in the research literature. A comparison is made between Thai and Western Australian occupational therapists to examine the use of theoretical models in the Western cultural context and to investigate the influences of cultural differences on occupational therapy practice. The purpose of this study is to identify the conceptual models most frequently used by occupational therapists in Thailand and in Australia, to describe the application of these models to practice, and to explore the cultural influences impacting on the application to practice. The need for a derived but more culturally specific conceptual model for occupational therapy practice in Thailand was also investigated. Focus group interviews were conducted as the initial stage of the study, to obtain in-depth background information about occupational therapy practice. Content analysis using transcript-based analysis and systematic coding was used to analyse the focus group data. The results demonstrated three main conceptual approaches: among both Westem Australian and Thai occupational therapists. These three models were described as the Performance Model, the Whole Person Model, and the Medical Model. / The findings from focus group interviews and related literature were used to develop a questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed as a self-report measure, using a 4 point scale ranging from ‘strongly agree’ to ‘strongly disagree’. It was arranged in 4 parts: Part A-Background Information, Part B- Models of Occupational Therapy Practice, Part C-Occupational Therapy Practice, and Part D-Practice Comment. Parts A, B and C consisted of closed-ended questions, whereas Part D was constructed to elicit open-ended questions. The survey data was collected from 138 Thai occupational therapists (ThaiOTs) and 155 Western Australian occupational therapists (WAOTs). A Chi-square test result demonstrated that ThaiOTs favoured the Medical Model for practice whilst WAOTs used the Performance Model and the Whole Person Model (p < 0.05). Principal component factor analysis was used to identify significant factors differentiating the practice of WA and Thai occupational therapists and to guide the development of the model of practice for ThaiOTs. The Mann-Whitney U Test results showed clear differences of therapist practice between Australia and Thailand in relation to their views about Clients, Professional Perspective (Therapists), Intervention, Cultural Implications, and Health Care Systems due to the influence of the culture and socio-cultural environment (p < 0.05). The outcomes from all stages in the study were used to develop a model of practice for Thai occupational therapists. This model named the ‘Samphan’ Framework of Practice focuses on the client and family as an inseparable unit, which differs from an individual, or client focus central to most Western models.

Handledaren är en nyckelperson i studenternas utveckling till professionella sjuksköterskor. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka och beskriva sjuksköterskors uppfattning om  omvårdnadshandledning av sjuksköterskestudenter. Fokusgruppsintervjuer valdes som metod. Nitton sjuksköterskor deltog i intervjuerna. Materialet bearbetades. Två huvudkategorier formulerades: Egenskaper och Kompetens med ett övergripande tema: Handledningens kvalitet. I resultatet av intervjuerna framkom faktorer som har betydelse för en god handledning och utveckling av handledarrollen: handledarens- studentens och organisationens egenskaper samt pedagogisk- yrkes och social kompetens. Det framkom att viktiga kvaliteter både hos handledare och student är intresse och motivation samt ett gemensamt ansvar för studenternas lärande. Det efterfrågas faktorer som tid och acceptans för handledning från organisationen. En professionell sjuksköterska som är en bra förebild för studenten och har en god pedagogisk kompetens är bra handledare. För att kunna utvecklas i sin handledarroll efterlyser sjuksköterskorna feedback från sina studenter. Uppfattningen var att det är roligt att vara handledare och att det är en tillfredsställelse att lyckas föra en människa framåt i sitt lärande. / The preceptor is a key person in the students development to professional nurses. The purpose with this study was to examine and describe how nurses thinking of the preceptor ship for nurse students. Focus group interviews were chosen as method. Nineteen nurses participated in the interviews. The interviews were analysed. Two main categories were developed: Characteristics and Competence with a comprehensive theme regarding the nurses understanding of the quality of preceptor ship. The result of interviews showed factors of significance for the quality and development of the preceptor ship role: the preceptor, students and the organisations characteristics as well as pedagogical, professional and social competence. It was made clear that the interest and motivation as well as a mutual responsibility for the students learning is important qualities for both the preceptor and the student. Preceptors requested factors such as time and acceptance for preceptor ship from the organisation. A good preceptor is a professional nurse that is a good model for students and has a well developed pedagogical competence. To be able to develop one’s role as a preceptor, nurses are making inquiries about feedback from their students. The opinion of the preceptors was that it is amusing to be a preceptor and that it is satisfactory to succeed in leading a human forward in her development.

<p>Handledaren är en nyckelperson i studenternas utveckling till professionella sjuksköterskor. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka och beskriva sjuksköterskors uppfattning om  omvårdnadshandledning av sjuksköterskestudenter. Fokusgruppsintervjuer valdes som metod. Nitton sjuksköterskor deltog i intervjuerna. Materialet bearbetades. Två huvudkategorier formulerades: Egenskaper och Kompetens med ett övergripande tema: Handledningens kvalitet. I resultatet av intervjuerna framkom faktorer som har betydelse för en god handledning och utveckling av handledarrollen: handledarens- studentens och organisationens egenskaper samt pedagogisk- yrkes och social kompetens. Det framkom att viktiga kvaliteter både hos handledare och student är intresse och motivation samt ett gemensamt ansvar för studenternas lärande. Det efterfrågas faktorer som tid och acceptans för handledning från organisationen. En professionell sjuksköterska som är en bra förebild för studenten och har en god pedagogisk kompetens är bra handledare. För att kunna utvecklas i sin handledarroll efterlyser sjuksköterskorna feedback från sina studenter. Uppfattningen var att det är roligt att vara handledare och att det är en tillfredsställelse att lyckas föra en människa framåt i sitt lärande.</p> / <p>The preceptor is a key person in the students development to professional nurses. The purpose with this study was to examine and describe how nurses thinking of the preceptor ship for nurse students. Focus group interviews were chosen as method. Nineteen nurses participated in the interviews. The interviews were analysed. Two main categories were developed: Characteristics and Competence with a comprehensive theme regarding the nurses understanding of the quality of preceptor ship. The result of interviews showed factors of significance for the quality and development of the preceptor ship role: the preceptor, students and the organisations characteristics as well as pedagogical, professional and social competence. It was made clear that the interest and motivation as well as a mutual responsibility for the students learning is important qualities for both the preceptor and the student. Preceptors requested factors such as time and acceptance for preceptor ship from the organisation. A good preceptor is a professional nurse that is a good model for students and has a well developed pedagogical competence. To be able to develop one’s role as a preceptor, nurses are making inquiries about feedback from their students. The opinion of the preceptors was that it is amusing to be a preceptor and that it is satisfactory to succeed in leading a human forward in her development.</p>