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Source localization using TDOA with erroneous receiver positionsKovavisaruch, La-or. January 2005 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005. / The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (May 22, 2006) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Representing and constructing : psychometrics from the perspectives of measurement theory and concept formationVessonen, Elina Sini Maria January 2019 (has links)
Social scientific measurement is much desired and much criticized. In this dissertation I evaluate one of the main approaches to social scientific measurement that has nevertheless been virtually ignored by philosophers - the psychometric approach. Psychometric measures are typically used to measure unobservable attributes such as intelligence and personality. They typically take the form of questionnaires or tests and are validated by statistical tests of properties such as reliability and model-fit. My thesis is two-fold. In the first, more critical part, I argue that psychometric instruments normally fail to fulfil plausible criteria for adequate measurement. To make this argument, I define and defend a conception of quantitative representation necessary for measurement. My definition is grounded in the Representational Theory of Measurement but avoids the main critiques this theory has faced. I then show that the typical psychometric process of measure validation fails to produce evidence of such quantitative representation. The upshot is that although a quantitative interpretation of psychometric data is common, it is largely unwarranted. In the second part, I argue that psychometric instruments are nonetheless apt for various other purposes. This argument hinges on a new outlook on how concepts should be formed for psychometric purposes. Philosophers have traditionally thought that concepts should cohere with intuitions and/or pick out so-called natural kinds, while many psychometricians argue that concepts should pick out real as opposed to constructed attributes. I argue that, when it comes to social scientific measurement, it is much more important to focus on the usefulness of the concept, where usefulness can take on different meanings in different contexts. Building on the defended outlook on concept formation, I show what useful functions psychometric instruments can serve even when they fail at quantitative representation.
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Mått på brott : Självdeklaration som metod att mäta brottslighet / Measuring Crime : Self report as a crime measurement methodologyAndersson, Lina January 2011 (has links)
Measuring crime is one of criminology’s most central tasks. Self-report studies constitute one means of doing so. By asking people, primarily youths, about their experience of involvement in criminal acts, self-report studies are intended to provide knowledge on the extent and structure of crime and on crime trends over time, while also providing opportunities to study the causes of crime. The dissertation’s objective is to examine the use of self-reported crime as a research method. It problematises the use of self-report studies as an instrument for measuring both the extent and structure of youth crime, and also trends in youth crime over time. Problematising the method in this way both illustrates the significance of methodology and measurement instruments for the production/construction of criminological data and makes possible a more nuanced and aware approach to the use of such data. The dissertation comprises a discussion of the basic assumptions of the self-report method viewed from the perspective of theory of science, a review of Swedish self-report studies and a detailed study of the Swedish School Survey on Crime, Sweden’s nationally representative self-report study of youth in year nine (aged 15). The dissertation’s most important conclusions are that researchers, when designing a self-report study, should consider both how crime is viewed and what the study is intended to examine. It is also important, when using self-report data, to consider what the data represent. This is of significance in relation to both how questions might best be formulated and to what extent the mechanisms that affect the results will involve problems for the quality of the measures obtained.
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Dimension de Hausdorff des ensembles limites / Hausdorff dimension of the limit setDufloux, Laurent 06 October 2015 (has links)
Soit G le groupe SO°(1, n) (n ≥ 3) ou PU(1, n) (n ≥ 2) et fixons une décomposition d'Iwasawa G = KAN. Soit ɼ un sous-groupe discret de G, que nous supposons Zariski-dense et de mesure de Bowen-Margulis-Sullivan finie. Lorsque G = SO°(1, n), nous étudions la géométrie de la mesure de Bowen-Margulis-Sullivan le long des sous-groupes fermés connexes de N, en lien avec la dichotomie de Mohammadi-Oh. Nous établissons des résultats déterministes sur la dimension des projections de la mesure de Patterson- Sullivan. Lorsque G = PU(1, n), nous relions la géométrie de la mesure de Bowen- Margulis-Sullivan le long du centre du groupe de Heisenberg au problème du calcul de la dimension de Hausdorff de l'ensemble limite relativement à la distance sphérique au bord. Nous calculons cette dimension pour certains groupes de Schottky. / Let G be the group SO° (1,n) (n ≥ 3) or PU(1, n) (n ≥ 2) and fix some Iwasawa decomposition G = KAN. Let ɼ be a discrete subgroup of G.We assume that ɼ is Zariski-dense with finite Bowen-Margulis-Sullivan measure. When G = SO°(1,n), we investigate the geometry of the Bowen-Margulis-Sullivan measure elong connected closed subgroups of N. This is related to the Mohammadi-Oh dichotomy. We then prove deterministic results on the dimension of projections of Patterson-Sullivan measure. When G = PU(1,n), we relate the geometry of Bowen-Margulis-Sullivan measure along the center of Heisenberg group to the problem of computing the Hausdorff dimension of the limit set with respect to the spherical metric on the boudary. We construct some Schottky subgroups for wich we are able to compute this dimension.
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Teoremas minimax para funcionais localmente Lipschitz e aplicações. / Minimax theorems for locally functional Lipschitz and applications.SANTOS, Jefferson Abrantes dos. 17 July 2018 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2007-12 / CNPq / Capes / Neste trabalho estudamos a existência de solução não nula, via Métodos Variacionais
para uma classe de problemas Elípticos onde f :R→R apresenta uma descontinuidade, do tipo salto, com seu conjunto de pontos de descontinuidade sendo um conjunto enumerável sem pontos de acumulação e Ω é um domínio limitado com fronteira suave.
* Para Visualisar as equações ou formulas originalmente escritas neste resumo recomendamos o downloado do arquivo completo. / In this work we study the existence of solutions for the following class of Elliptic
problems wherethefunctionf :R →RhassomediscontinuitiesandΩisaboundeddomainwith
smooth boundary. The main tool used is the Variational Methods together arguments
developed by Chang [9].
*To see the equations or formulas originally written in this summary we recommend downloading the complete file.
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Valor justo e Custo histÃrico: diferenÃas no nÃvel de mensuraÃÃo em demonstraÃÃes ContÃbeis no Brasil / Historical cost and fair value: differences in the level of measurement in financial statements in BrazilLorena Costa de Oliveira Mello 13 August 2014 (has links)
nÃo hà / A adoÃÃo das Normas Internacionais de Contabilidade no Brasil trouxe modificaÃÃes no critÃrio de mensuraÃÃo de itens patrimoniais, tendo a mensuraÃÃo de alguns itens do balanÃo alterado devido a este critÃrio; quer seja apenas na mensuraÃÃo inicial ou na mensuraÃÃo subsequente. Muitas crÃticas foram levantadas em relaÃÃo à utilizaÃÃo do valor justo, principalmente quanto a subjetividade inerente ao uso dos nÃveis 2 e 3 de mensuraÃÃo e a possibilidade de sua utilizaÃÃo oportunista. A pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar o efeito da utilizaÃÃo do critÃrio de mensuraÃÃo a valor justo em relaÃÃo ao uso do critÃrio do custo histÃrico nas demonstraÃÃes contÃbeis, na realidade econÃmica brasileira. Parte-se da hipÃtese de que, no Brasil, as mensuraÃÃes contÃbeis produzidas pelo valor justo reduzem o valor patrimonial de forma significante em relaÃÃo Ãs mensuraÃÃes apuradas com base no critÃrio do custo histÃrico. Tal possibilidade pode ser explicada levando em consideraÃÃo o conceito de PrudÃncia, ainda em vigor na Ãpoca, e pelos conceitos constantes na NBC TG 00 (2008), para a quantificaÃÃo das mutaÃÃes que alterem o patrimÃnio lÃquido; assim, esperava-se adoÃÃo do menor valor para os componentes do ativo e de maior avaliaÃÃo para os itens do passivo e por consequÃncia reduÃÃo do patrimÃnio lÃquido. Para a realizaÃÃo do estudo foram analisadas as contas patrimoniais que foram objeto de alteraÃÃo do critÃrio de mensuraÃÃo do custo histÃrico para o valor justo de 559 empresas que apresentaram, nos anos de 2008 e 2010,perÃodo de impantaÃÃo parcial e full das Normas Internacionais de Contabilidade informaÃÃes considerando os dois critÃrios. A amostra foi submetida a testes de mÃdias para amostras emparelhadas T-student e Wilcoxon por conta, por nÃvel de hierarquia de mensuraÃÃo do valor justo, por grupos de contas e por setores de atividade econÃmica. AlÃm disso tambÃm foram realizados testes de ANOVA com as diferenÃas apuradas entre a mensuraÃÃo a valor justo e a custo histÃrico tendo como fatores os seguintes itens: nÃvel, conta e grupos de conta e testes post-hoc de comparaÃÃo mÃltipla de Turkey entre os grupos. Os resultados da pesquisa rejeitam a hipÃtese estabelecida de que as mensuraÃÃes contÃbeis produzidas pelo valor justo reduziriam o valor patrimonial de forma significante em relaÃÃo Ãs mensuraÃÃes apuradas com base no critÃrio do custo histÃrico. Os testes demonstraram assimetria positiva entre as mÃdias mensuradas a valor justo, gerando aumento no valor do patrimÃnio lÃquido da ordem de 26% do PL. Constatou-se ainda, que as diferenÃas identificadas entre os nÃmeros mensurados a custo histÃrico e a valor justo advÃm, provavelmente, da defasagem dos valores mensurados a custo histÃrico devido a altos nÃveis de inflaÃÃo ao longo do tempo na economia brasileira. Na alteraÃÃo da contabilidade em razÃo da implantaÃÃo de novo padrÃo contÃbil, as empresas utilizaram a legislaÃÃo para atualizar os nÃmeros de seus ativos e passivos. Outra evidÃncia identificada à que quanto maior o nÃvel de subjetividade (nÃveis 2 e 3) na mensuraÃÃo a valor justo, maiores as diferenÃas das mensuraÃÃes a custo histÃrico e a valor justo. Entretanto, nÃo se consegue concluir se os ajustes referem-se tÃo somente à defasagem da inflaÃÃo, à utilizaÃÃo de tÃcnicas matemÃticas pouco difundidas no Brasil, ou atà mesmo à possibilidade de gerenciamento de resultado. Identificou-se ainda que, no Brasil, as mensuraÃÃes a valor justo tendem a se concentrar nos nÃveis mais subjetivos de mensuraÃÃo (2 e 3), o que pode se dever à incipiÃncia de mercados ativos para os bens avaliados
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