Thesis--Bonn. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 334-353).

This thesis presents a model of institutional values transmission through cross-case analysis of values education undertaken in three UK secondary schools. Since the early 1980s a significant amount of research has been carried out on cultural transmission and the transmission of values, though it has focused on intergenerational transmission within families and the interaction between the school and the family in terms of converging and diverging values and worldviews. Very little work has been done on the process of transmission of values in schools or other organisations that is evidence-based. An increasing number of governments and organisations, as well as schools, are beginning to invest seriously in values education programmes, but whether the idea of values education is theoretically coherent is still disputed. Through an evaluation of the philosophical, psychological and sociological literature on values and employing phenomenological and semiotic analyses, a theory of values as transmissible entities is developed, which is then extended to a general concept of values transmission using the twin terms invocation and evocation, to denote modes of bringing value concepts to the awareness of an audience and of generating group cohesion through a shared experience linked to particular values, respectively, these terms themselves emerging from the theory of values. Through data collection, analysis and modelling of values education in three schools – a state comprehensive, a faith school and an independent – a plausible mechanism for institutional values transmission is developed. This mechanism integrates two partial models: a permeation-authority inculcation model of transmission flow with a resistance-transformation model of moral autonomy. At its heart it envisages a systemically robust cycle of institutional values discourse, institutional cultural expectations and the generation of a sense of community shored up by individual commitment. A two tier qualitative approach is used in this research, having both an inductive, theory generating phase of field research, data capture and analysis, and a deductive, hypothesis-led confirmatory phase. The inductive phase uses a case study format and cross-case analysis, providing data for analysis and for testing a set of hypotheses in the deductive phase. The development of a mechanism for institutional values transmission is carried out using an institutional model of the schools as a data collection and analytical instrument, based on three structural aspects: an authority hierarchy; an interiority/exteriority duality in the institutional lived-experience; and a system hierarchy. Multiple data collection and analytic methods are employed in each case study, in order to build up a ‘three-dimensional’ picture of the transmission of values in each school. Both comparative and iterative cross-case analyses are carried out. The findings emerging from the case studies suggest the following tentative conclusions: schools have varying degrees of awareness of the values that they impart, although all consider values education to be an important part of what they do and to impact on student performance and behaviour; while there is some explicit values-oriented pedagogy, most teaching of values is implicit; schools with greater ethnic diversity have more challenges to build a cohesive community, as this is at odds with the ‘spontaneous sociality’ of the pupils; there is a broad convergence on the same values found most widely distributed throughout schools across the widest range possible with respect to forms of governance, educational philosophy and demography. The findings carry a number of pedagogical implications: general support is found for explicit values education programmes and the linking between behavioural standards and academic achievement; the importance of the development of a ‘moral community’ around the ethos of the school and the creation of opportunities for multiple belonging is highlighted; and resistance to institutional authority structures is explored for its significant potential for transformation to an acceptance of institutional values.

Values matter in both legal decision (lawmaking and lawapplying) and discourse (lawshaping and lawinfluencing). Yet, their purported subjectivity means that gaining or improving knowledge about values (whether they be epistemic, legal, moral, ethical, economic, political, cultural, social, or religious) in the context of analytic legal thought and understanding is often said to be at odds with its goal of objectivity. This phenomenon is amplified at the international level where the infusion of seemingly subjective political values by sovereigns, and the decisionmakers to whom they delegate, can, and does, interfere with an idealized and objective rule of law. The discourse on value subjectivity, and its relation to the purpose and function of the law, is particularly apparent in evolving international legal orders such as investment treaty arbitration. The primary aim of this work is to provide a new method for gaining empirical knowledge about value subjectivity that can help close a weak link in all nonpositivist (value-laden) legal theory: a weakness that has manifest itself as skepticism about the possibility of measuring value objectively enough to permit its incorporation as a necessary component of analytic jurisprudence. This work proposes a theory of configurative fairness for addressing the problem related to the development or evolution of legal regimes, and how legal regimes perceived as subjectively unfair can be remedied. Such a theory accepts the premise that perceptions of fairness matter in directing the way that legal orders develop, and that perceptions of fairness relate to the manner in which values are distributed and maximized in particular legal orders. It is posited that legal orders perceived as fair by their participants are more likely to be endorsed or accepted as legally binding (and are therefore more likely to comply with the processes and outcomes that such laws mandate). The purpose of a theory of configurative fairness is an attempt to provide a methodological bridge for improving knowledge about value in the context of legal inquiry through the employment of a technique called Q methodology: an epistemological and empirical means for the measurement and mapping of human subjectivity. It is a method that was developed in the early twentieth century by physicist-psychologist William Stephenson: the last research student of the inventor of factor analysis, Charles Spearman. What Stephenson did was to create a way for systematically measuring subjective perspectives, and although not previously used in jurisprudential thought, Q methodology will facilitate a means for the description and evaluation of shared subjectivities. In the context of law generally, and in investment treaty arbitration specifically, these are the subjectivities that manifest themselves as the conflicting perspectives about value that are omnipresent in both communicative lawshaping discourse and authoritative and controlling lawmaking and lawapplying decision. Knowledge about these shared value subjectivities among participants in investment treaty arbitration will allow the legal analyst to delineate and clarify points of overlapping consensus about the desired distribution of value as they relate to the regime-building issues of evolving legal orders. The focus for a theory of configurative fairness pertains to the identification of the various value positions that participants hold about a particular legal order and to configure those values, through its rules and principles, in a manner that is acceptable (and perceived as fair) by all of its participants. If such a value consensus can be identified, then particular rules in the legal order can be configured by decisionmakers in a way so as to satisfy participants’ shared value understandings. To engage such a theory, a means for identifying shared value subjectivities must be delineated. This work conducts a Q method study on the issues under debate relating to regime-building questions in investment treaty arbitration. The Q method study asked participants knowledgeable about investment treaty arbitration to rank-order a set of statements about the way that the values embraced by this legal order ought to be configured. The results of the study demonstrate that there is significant overlap about how participants in investment treaty arbitration perceive the desired distribution of values across the regime. The Q method study identified six distinct perspectives that represent shared subjectivities about value in the context of the development of investment treaty arbitration. The Q method study was also able to identify where there is an overlapping consensus about value distribution across the distinct perspectives. It is these areas of overlapping consensus that are most likely to reflect shared value understandings, and it is proposed that it is upon these shared value understandings that the future development of investment treaty arbitration ought to aim.

Submitted by Irene Nascimento (irene.kessia@ufpe.br) on 2017-03-13T18:32:52Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Tese_Ana Paula Lins (14.10.16).pdf: 3958582 bytes, checksum: 866d6ef41fdae25f9793ab77bdba82ff (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-13T18:32:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Tese_Ana Paula Lins (14.10.16).pdf: 3958582 bytes, checksum: 866d6ef41fdae25f9793ab77bdba82ff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-14 / Esta tese intitulada como “As ferrovias como Patrimônio Cultural Mundial: Os Estados-parte, a UNESCO e o Valor Universal Excepcional” apresenta como principal objetivo investigar a atribuição do valor universal excepcional “outstanding universal value” (OUV) às ferrovias inscritas na Lista do Patrimônio Mundial, através da análise destinada a identificar os critérios e requisitos necessários para o seu reconhecimento. Assim sendo, apresenta-se dividida em 03 etapas: a primeira corresponde ao eixo teórico da pesquisa, onde são abordados o entendimento do patrimônio ferroviário e do valor universal excepcional. Para tanto, são apresentados, em um primeiro momento, um panorama geral sobre as ferrovias, as discussões sobre a preservação do patrimônio ferroviário no contexto mundial, e a percepção do patrimônio ferroviário no âmbito da UNESCO. A seguinte abordagem teórica centra-se na compreensão do valor à luz da Teoria dos Valores (Axiologia dos Valores) e da Teoria da Conservação. O segundo eixo da pesquisa refere-se aos aspectos metodológicos adotados para a investigação da atribuição do valor universal excepcional às ferrovias mundiais. Desta forma, são selecionados 03 (três) estudos de caso, para a consecução do objetivo central desta tese: a ferrovia Semmering, na Áustria; a Ferrovia Darjeeling, na Índia; e a Ferrovia Rhaetian, que corta os países da Suíça e Itália. O método selecionado para a análise das aludidas ferrovias é a Análise de Contéudo, de Bardin, aplicado no corpus documental, composto pelos Documentos de Avaliação do Corpo Consultivo de cada ferrovia analisada. A tese utiliza como premissa de que a partir da identificação dos atributos das ferrovias é possível interpretar os valores que, de forma inter-relacionada, conformam a categoria do valor universal excepcional das ferrovias mundiais. Desta forma, a partir da análise realizada em cada uma das ferrovias selecionadas, foi possível inferir que o seu valor universal excepcional é composto por uma pluralidade de valores dinâmicos e interdependentes, que se relacionam de forma a ressaltar uma ordem e uma hierarquia, onde os valores de maior destaque são o que mais importam preservar, por justificarem o reconhecimento das ferrovias como patrimônio cultural mundial. / The dissertation "The railways as a World Cultural Heritage: States Parties, UNESCO and the Outstanding Universal Value" has aims at investigating the attribution of Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) to railways included on the World Heritage List, through the identification of criteria and requirements for recognition. The research focuses on 03 stages. The first stage is the theoretical framework of the research, aiming at approaching the theoretical problem: an understanding of the railway heritage and of outstanding universal value. Accordingly, there follow an overview of the railways, discussions on the preservation of the railway heritage in the global context, and in the UNESCO context. The second theoretical approach corresponds to the understanding of the value to the Theory of Values (Axiology of Values) and Conservation Theory. The second approach focused on the investigation of the empirical problem: the attribution of outstanding universal value. In this way, three (03) case studies to achieve the central objective of this thesis are highlighted: The Semmering Railway, Austria; the Railway Darjeeling, India; and the Rhaetian Railway, which crosses Switzerland and Italy. The method used for the analysis of that railway is Bardin`s Content Analysis, applied to the documentation corpus, consisting of the Advisory Body Assessment Document of each analyzed railroad. The dissertation is based on the premise that from the railways attributes of identification it is possible to interpret the values that make up the outstanding universal value of the world's railways. Thus, the empirical axis of research, analysis of each of the selected railways performed, leadin to infer that the outstanding universal value of the global railway is composed of a plurality of values dynamic and interdependent and that there is a hierarchy in its relations, point out an order, where the most outstanding values are what should be preserved, as justified by the recognition of the railways as a cultural world.

Submitted by Priscilla Araujo (priscilla@ibict.br) on 2016-10-05T17:00:32Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Emília Barroso Cruz - Tese 27072016.pdf: 4781025 bytes, checksum: ac7fb60ecfc348d84a019215b8087725 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-05T17:00:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Emília Barroso Cruz - Tese 27072016.pdf: 4781025 bytes, checksum: ac7fb60ecfc348d84a019215b8087725 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O tema central desta pesquisa é o acesso e a gestão da informação governamental do tipo arquivístico, do ponto de vista legal e funcional. O acesso à informação governamental possui dois requisitos básicos: a previsão legal e o tratamento da informação para sua posterior recuperação. Ao levantarmos o histórico da legislação brasileira, verificamos que houve uma evolução do direito de acesso à informação governamental desde a primeira Constituição, em 1824, com avanços e retrocessos em períodos históricos específicos. Desde a Constituição de 1988, este direito vem sendo consolidado e ampliado no Brasil por diversas normas legais. Já em relação ao tratamento da informação governamental do tipo arquivístico, percebemos que, apesar de haver uma legislação que regula o tema, esta é fracamente cumprida pela Administração Pública Federal, comprometendo o amplo acesso à informação. Para entender este fenômeno, recorremos à Filosofia aplicada ao Direito. Segundo Jürgen Habermas, uma norma legal deve ser legitimada e validada faticamente pela comunidade de direito que é por ela atingida. A legitimidade está relacionada à regularidade do processo legislativo em que os atores têm oportunidade de, em condições de igualdade, expor seus argumentos. A validade fática é o reconhecimento, na norma legal, de valores compartilhados pela comunidade, valores estes que são motivadores da ação e, portanto, do cumprimento da legislação. Investigamos, então, como os servidores públicos federais validam faticamente as normas legais referentes ao acesso e à gestão da informação governamental do tipo arquivístico. Para tanto, utilizamos a Teoria dos Valores de Shalom Schwartz e seu instrumento de mensuração destes valores, o Portrait Value Questionaire (PVQ-21). A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas com gestores e aplicação de questionários para os servidores com o objetivo de identificar a percepção e conhecimento da população investigada em relação ao direito de acesso à informação governamental e à gestão de documentos arquivísticos e para escalonar os valores culturais. A partir dos resultados obtidos verificamos a percepção dos servidores e gestores em relação à legislação citada e sua implementação e a relação desta com a escala de prioridades axiológicas identificada nas instituições. / The central theme of this research is the access and management of government archival information, under the legal and the functional point of view. The access to government information has two basic requirements: the legal provision and the processing of the information for later retrieval. When we prospect Brazilian law history, we find that there was an evolution of the right of access to government information since the first Constitution in 1824, with advances and setbacks in specific historical periods. Since the 1988 Constitution, this right has been consolidated and expanded in Brazil by various legal rules. When we think about the treatment of government archival information, we realize that, although there is a law managing the subject, this is poorly enforced by the Federal Public Administration, pledging the opportunity of broad access to information. To understand this phenomenon, we turn to Philosophy applied to the Law. According to Jürgen Habermas, a legal standard must be legitimized and have its facticity validated by the legal community that is affected by it. The legitimacy is related to the regular legislative process in which the actors have the opportunity to, on equal terms, present their arguments. The factual validity is the recognition, in the legal norm, of the values shared by the community, values that are motivating action and therefore of compliance. It then examines how federal public agents validate facticity of the legal rules related to the access to and the management of government archival information. Therefore, we use the Shalom Schwartz’s Theory of Values and the measurement instrument these values, the Portrait Value Questionnaire (PVQ-21). Data collection was conducted through interviews with managers and questionnaires to public agents, in order to identify the perception and knowledge of the population investigated in relation to the right of access to government information and archival document management and stagger cultural values. From the results obtained, we verified the perception of the public agents and their managers in relation to the aforesaid legislation and its implementation and its relation to the scale of value priorities identified in the institutions.

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