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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
41

Endocavitary applicator of therapeutic ultrasound integrated with RF receiver coil for high resolution MRI-controlled thermal therapy / Applicateur local endocavitaire d’ultrasons thérapeutiques intégré avec antenne réceptrice RF pour la thérapie thermique sous contrôle d’IRM de haute résolution

Rata, Mihaela 15 December 2009 (has links)
Cette thèse présente des développements techniques et méthodologiques visant une alternative viable pour le traitement des cancers digestifs (rectum, œsophage). Par rapport aux méthodes standards de thérapie, les ultrasons de contact de haute intensité sous guidage IRM sont une approche moins invasive. L’IRM offre 2 avantages: bonne résolution spatiale et contrôle en temps réel de la température. Cette méthode de traitement demande efficacité et sécurité. Trois prototypes d’antenne RF intégrées à des transducteurs ultrasonores ont été réalisés afin d’améliorer la résolution spatiale et temporelle des images IRM et la précision de la mesure de température. Les antennes intégrées ont montré une meilleure sensibilité par rapport à une antenne extra corporelle standard. Des images IRM haute résolution, anatomiques (voxel0.4x0.4x5 mm3) et de thermométrie (voxel 0.75x0.75x8 mm3, 2s/image) ont été acquises in-vivo.La température a été mesurée, dans un rayon de 20 mm au-delà du ballon, avec un écart type<1°C. Les artéfacts de flux causés par l’eau circulante à l’intérieur du ballon de refroidissement ont pu être projetés hors de la région d’intérêt. L’évolution de la température a été contrôlée automatiquement, à des profondeurs variables, avec un point de contrôle par faisceau. Le contrôleur a montré une grande précision in-vivo (écart type <5%). Le transducteur ultrasonore matriciel permet d’activer successivement plusieurs faisceaux pendant la même dynamique de tir.Des simulations ont été conduites afin de proposer une planification du traitement optimale pour une tumeur désignée. Un nouveau concept de sonde ultrasonore à 256 éléments avec focalisation géométrique naturelle a été proposé. / This thesis presents technical and methodological developments aiming tooffer a viable alternative for the treatment of digestive cancers (rectum and esophagus). Compared to the standard methods of therapy, the high intensity contact ultrasound guided by MRI is a less invasive approach. MRI offers 2 advantages: good spatial resolution, and real-time temperature control. This treatment method requires efficacy and safety. Three prototypes of RF coil integrated with ultrasound transducers were built in order to increase the spatial and temporal resolution ofthe MR images, and the accuracy of the temperature measurement. The integrated coils showed a better sensitivity compared to a standard extracorporeal coil. Anatomical (voxel 0.4x0.4x5 mm3)and thermometry (voxel 0.75x0.75x8 mm3, 2s/image) high resolution MR images were acquired in-vivo. The temperature was measured, within a radius of 20 mm from the balloon, with a standard deviation <1°C. The flow artifacts caused by the water circulating inside the cooling balloon could be shifted out of the region of interest. The temperature evolution was controlled automatically, at different depths, with one control point per beam. The controller showed a good accuracy during in-vivo experiments (standard deviation less than 5%). The phased-arrayultra sound transducer permits the successive activation of multiple beams during the same dynamic of sonication. Simulations were conducted in order to offer an optimal treatment planning for a defined tumor. A new design of ultrasound transducer with 256 elements with revolution symmetry, based on a natural geometrical focalization, was proposed.
42

Os efeitos do ultra-som terapêutico no tratamento das lesões por esmagamento do nervo ciático de ratos / The effect of the therapeutical ultrasound in the treatment of the injuries for crushing of the ciático nerve of rats

Raso, Vanessa Vilela Monte 24 January 2002 (has links)
Foi realizado um estudo experimental da influência do ultra-som terapêutico na regeneração do nervo ciático submetido a esmagamento controlado, em ratos. Foram empregados no estudo 20 ratos da linhagem Wistar, de peso médio em torno de 250 g, divididos em dois grupos, conforme o tipo de procedimento realizado: 1) somente esmagamento, dez ratos; e 2) esmagamento e irradiação com ultra-som, 10 ratos. Sob anestesia, o nervo ciático era exposto na coxa direita do animal e esmagado com um dispositivo especialmente idealizado e confeccionado para essa finalidade, com uma carga fixa de 15 Kg, por 10 minutos, num segmento de 5 mm proximal à sua bifurcação. A irradiação com o ultra-som pulsado (1:5, freqüência de 1 MHz, intensidade de 0.4 W/'CM POT.2', duração de 2 minutos) era iniciada já no primeiro dia pós-operatório e realizada por dez dias consecutivos. Os resultados foram avaliados pela análise funcional da impressão plantar dos animais obtidas numa pista de marcha e determinação do índice funcional do ciático (De Medinaceli e Bain, Mackinnon e Hunter), e pela morfometria, através do cálculo da densidade de fibras nervosas, após sacrifício dos animais no vigésimo primeiro dia pós-operatório. Os resultados foram submetidos a análise estatística e mostraram que, nas condições do trabalho, o ultra-som acelerou a regeneração do nervo, demonstrável com significância no vigésimo primeiro dia pós-operatório / An experimental study of the influence of therapeutic ultrasound on the regeneration of the sciatic nerve submitted to controlled crush injury was carried out in rats. Twenty female Wistar rats weighing 250 g on average were used and distributed in two groups according to the procedure: 1) crush injury only, ten rats; 2) crush injury followed by ultrasound irradiation, ten rats. Under general anesthesia the sciatic nerve was exposed on the right thigh and crushed with a device especially devised and built for that purpose, with a 15 kg constant load for 10 minutes, affecting a 5 mm-long segment of the nerve proximal to its bifurcation. Pulsed ultrasound irradiation (1:5, 1 MHz frequency, 0.4 W/'CM POT.2' intensity, 2 minutes duration) was started the day after the operation and repeated for ten consecutive days. The results were evaluated by functional footprint analysis and determination of the sciatic functional index (DeMedinaceli's and Bain, Mackinnon and Hunter's methods) at weekly intervals, and by morphometry (nerve fiber density) of the resected sciatic nerve after killing the animals on the 21st postoperative day. Results were submitted to statistical evaluation and showed that, in the conditions of the study, ultrasound accelerated nerve regeneration, as demonstrated with significance on the 21st postoperative day
43

Estudo comparativo dos efeitos do laser de baixa intensidade e do ultrassom terapêutico no reparo tecidual de feridas cirúrgicas cutâneas em ratos Wistar: avaliação histopatológica e produção in situ de mediadores inflamatórios / Comparative study of low intensity laser effects and therapeutic ultrasound in tissue repair of cutaneous surgical wounds in Wistar rats: histopathology and in situ production of inflammatory mediators

Bertges, Thaís Abranches Bueno Sabino 14 September 2015 (has links)
Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-01-12T13:26:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 thaisabranchesbuenosabinobertges.pdf: 1644405 bytes, checksum: 3b8373f3de0b6d396b5af331c1897b4a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-01-25T17:14:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 thaisabranchesbuenosabinobertges.pdf: 1644405 bytes, checksum: 3b8373f3de0b6d396b5af331c1897b4a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-25T17:14:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 thaisabranchesbuenosabinobertges.pdf: 1644405 bytes, checksum: 3b8373f3de0b6d396b5af331c1897b4a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-14 / FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / A cicatrização é um evento complexo que tem por objetivo restaurar a integridade anatômica, histológica e funcional de um tecido que sofreu lesão por diferentes etiologias. O potencial de modulação do sistema imunológico e das reações inflamatórias locais, por técnicas não invasivas, é alvo de diversos trabalhos e apesar de tal efeito modulador já ser comprovado clinicamente e corroborado por estudos histomorfológicos, os mecanismos celular e molecular de ação local e sistêmica das principais terapias adjuvantes disponíveis, a laserterapia de baixa intensidade e o ultrassom terapêutico, ainda não estão totalmente esclarecidas. O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar os efeitos da terapia a laser de baixa intensidade e do ultrassom terapêutico, isolados e associados no processo de reparo tecidual, de feridas cutâneas cirúrgicas em ratos Wistar, com pesquisa da produção in situ de TGF-β1, TGF-β2 e IL-17 por imuno-histoquímica, além de avaliar, por histomorfometria, a deposição de matriz colagenosa na área em cicatrização por estudo retrospectivo em material emblocado em parafina (n = 24), cujas amostras foram divididas em: um grupo controle (GI), um submetido apenas à laserterapia (GII), um submetido apenas ao ultrassom (GIII) e um submetido às duas terapias associadas (GIV). Os dados foram expressos em média e desvio padrão, sendo considerado p < 0,05 para indicar resultados estatisticamente significantes. A expressão de TGF-β1 foi significativa quando as amostras de GIV foram comparadas com GII e GIII. Em relação a IL-17, as amostras de GI e de GII apresentaram maior porcentagem de células coradas, e a diferença foi significativa entre GII e GIII, e entre GII e GIV. / Wound healing is a complex event that aims to restore anatomical, histological and functional integrity of a tissue injury suffered by different etiologies. The potential modulation of the immune system and local inflammatory reactions by noninvasive techniques is the subject of several studies and although such modulating effect already being clinically proven and confirmed by histopathologic studies, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of local and systemic actions of main adjuvant therapies available, the low level laser therapy and ultrasonic energy, are still unclear. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of laser therapy of low intensity and the therapeutic ultrasound, isolated and associates in the tissue repair process in surgical wounds in Wistar rats, with research in situ production of TGF-β1, TGF-β2 and IL-17 by immunohistochemistry, and to evaluate by histomorphometry, the deposition of collagenous matrix in the area in healing by retrospective study in emblocado material paraffin (n = 24), the samples were divided into: a control group (GI) one subject only to laser therapy (GII), a submitted only to the ultrasound (GIII) and submitted to the two associated therapies (GIV). Data were expressed as mean and standard deviation, being considered p < 0.05 to indicate a statistically significant results. The TGF-β1 expression was significant when samples of GIV were compared with GII and GIII. With regard to IL-17, samples of GI and GII had a higher percentage of stained cells, and the difference was significant between GII and GIII, and between GII and GIV.
44

Os efeitos do ultra-som terapêutico no tratamento das lesões por esmagamento do nervo ciático de ratos / The effect of the therapeutical ultrasound in the treatment of the injuries for crushing of the ciático nerve of rats

Vanessa Vilela Monte Raso 24 January 2002 (has links)
Foi realizado um estudo experimental da influência do ultra-som terapêutico na regeneração do nervo ciático submetido a esmagamento controlado, em ratos. Foram empregados no estudo 20 ratos da linhagem Wistar, de peso médio em torno de 250 g, divididos em dois grupos, conforme o tipo de procedimento realizado: 1) somente esmagamento, dez ratos; e 2) esmagamento e irradiação com ultra-som, 10 ratos. Sob anestesia, o nervo ciático era exposto na coxa direita do animal e esmagado com um dispositivo especialmente idealizado e confeccionado para essa finalidade, com uma carga fixa de 15 Kg, por 10 minutos, num segmento de 5 mm proximal à sua bifurcação. A irradiação com o ultra-som pulsado (1:5, freqüência de 1 MHz, intensidade de 0.4 W/'CM POT.2', duração de 2 minutos) era iniciada já no primeiro dia pós-operatório e realizada por dez dias consecutivos. Os resultados foram avaliados pela análise funcional da impressão plantar dos animais obtidas numa pista de marcha e determinação do índice funcional do ciático (De Medinaceli e Bain, Mackinnon e Hunter), e pela morfometria, através do cálculo da densidade de fibras nervosas, após sacrifício dos animais no vigésimo primeiro dia pós-operatório. Os resultados foram submetidos a análise estatística e mostraram que, nas condições do trabalho, o ultra-som acelerou a regeneração do nervo, demonstrável com significância no vigésimo primeiro dia pós-operatório / An experimental study of the influence of therapeutic ultrasound on the regeneration of the sciatic nerve submitted to controlled crush injury was carried out in rats. Twenty female Wistar rats weighing 250 g on average were used and distributed in two groups according to the procedure: 1) crush injury only, ten rats; 2) crush injury followed by ultrasound irradiation, ten rats. Under general anesthesia the sciatic nerve was exposed on the right thigh and crushed with a device especially devised and built for that purpose, with a 15 kg constant load for 10 minutes, affecting a 5 mm-long segment of the nerve proximal to its bifurcation. Pulsed ultrasound irradiation (1:5, 1 MHz frequency, 0.4 W/'CM POT.2' intensity, 2 minutes duration) was started the day after the operation and repeated for ten consecutive days. The results were evaluated by functional footprint analysis and determination of the sciatic functional index (DeMedinaceli's and Bain, Mackinnon and Hunter's methods) at weekly intervals, and by morphometry (nerve fiber density) of the resected sciatic nerve after killing the animals on the 21st postoperative day. Results were submitted to statistical evaluation and showed that, in the conditions of the study, ultrasound accelerated nerve regeneration, as demonstrated with significance on the 21st postoperative day
45

Acoustic Holograms for Hyperthermia and Transcranial Ultrasound

Andrés Bautista, Diana 04 July 2024 (has links)
[ES] Los ultrasonidos se han empleado desde los años 90 para el tratamiento de múltiples patologías gracias a su carácter no invasivo y no ionizante, desde el tratamiento localizado del cáncer hasta terapias neurológicas. La focalización de estas ondas de presión y la conformación del haz ha sido un problema que desde varias perspectivas se ha intentado abordar, con el uso de lentes focalizadoras, transductores focalizados y los más sofisticados sistemas phased-array compuestos por múltiples transductores con control electrónico de amplitud y fase. Estos sistemas presentan varios inconvenientes, como el escaso control del haz que ofrecen los transductores focalizados, con un foco fijo y sin control de las posibles distorsiones del campo que puede introducir el medio, o el elevado coste derivado de la compleja electrónica de los sistemas phased-arrays, aunque proporcionan un mejor control del foco y compensación de aberraciones. La revolucionaria idea de los hologramas acústicos como elementos pasivos impresos con tecnología 3D llegó como una alternativa de bajo coste a los previos sistemas. En primer lugar se describió su uso en medios homogéneos para generar las más diversas imágenes acústicas, pero pronto se empezó a estudiar su viabilidad para focalizar haces de ultrasonidos en el interior del cerebro, resultando ser muy útiles en la corrección de las aberraciones que el cráneo introduce en el frente de ondas. Las lentes holográficas son capaces de codificar tanto el campo que se desea generar como las distorsiones de fase que puede introducir el medio en el que se propagan los ultrasonidos. En esta tesis se estudia el diseño de hologramas acústicos y su aplicación en el ámbito biomédico. La tesis puede ser dividida en tres grandes partes: una primera en la cual se describen nuevos métodos para el diseño de lentes holográficas, una segunda en la que se emplean los hologramas ultrasónicos para generación de hipertermia, y una tercera en la que se estudia su uso para terapias transcraneales. En la primera parte de la tesis se investiga el diseño de lentes holográficas para transductores con geometría esférica como alternativa a las lentes planas ya descritas previamente. Además, se estudia un nuevo método para codificar el campo acústico en las lentes de forma que se mejore la imagen producida por ellas, ajustándose más a la deseada. En la segunda parte se estudia cómo es el patrón térmico que genera el campo acústico producido por una lente holográfica cuando se aplica sobre un material con absorción acústica y cómo afecta la difusión térmica a éste. Esta difusión tiene como efecto que el patrón térmico con el tiempo no se parezca al acústico, y que las lentes deban tener en cuenta este proceso en su diseño para aplicaciones térmicas, especialmente si se desean regiones uniformes de calentamiento. Se demuestra cómo la hipertermia generada por ultrasonidos es más dañina en esferoides de células tumorales que la hipertermia tradicional. En la tercera parte se demuestra la viabilidad de los hologramas ultrasónicos para tratamientos neurológicos, aplicados desde la ventana temporal para reducir el eventual calentamiento del hueso que se produce. Además, se estudia en experimentos ex-vivo el campo acústico producido por lentes holográficas a través de un cráneo de macaco, aplicando técnicas de proyección holográfica para obtener aún más información de estas medidas y se diseña un sistema para aplicar estos hologramas en experimentos in-vivo con macacos y comprobar la viabilidad de la apertura de la barrera hematoencefálica de forma localizada. Esta tesis se enfoca a un mejor diseño y entendimiento de las emergentes lentes holográficas, así como a estudiar su validez en aplicaciones biomédicas de gran interés como son la hipertermia, la neuromodulación y la apertura de la barrera hematoencefálica para la administración de fármacos en el cerebro. / [CA] Els ultrasons s'han emprat des dels anys 90 per al tractament de múltiples patologies gràcies al seu caràcter no invasiu i no ionitzant, des del tractament localitzat del càncer fins a teràpies neurològiques. La focalització d'estes ones de pressió i la conformació del feix acústic ha sigut un problema que des de diverses perspectives s'ha intentat abordar, amb l'ús de lents focalizadores, transductors focalitzats i els més sofisticats sistemes phased-array compostos per múltiples transductors amb control individual d'amplitud i fase. Estos sistemes presenten diversos inconvenients, com l'escàs control del feix que ofereixen els transductors focalitzats, amb un focus fix i sense control de les possibles distorsions del camp que pot introduir el medi, o l'elevat cost derivat de la complexa electrònica dels sistemes phased-array, encara que proporcionen un millor control del focus i compensació d'aberracions. La revolucionària idea dels hologrames acústics com a elements passius impresos amb tecnologia 3D va arribar com una alternativa de baix cost als previs sistemes. En primer lloc es va descriure el seu ús en medis homogenis per a generar les més diverses imatges acústiques, però prompte es va començar a estudiar la seua viabilitat per a focalitzar feixos d'ultrasons a l'interior del cervell, resultant ser molt útils en la correcció de les aberracions que el crani introduïx en el front d'ones. Les lents hologràfiques són capaces de codificar tant el camp que es desitja generar com les distorsions de fase que pot introduir el medi en el qual es propaguen els ultrasons. En esta tesi s'estudia el disseny d'hologrames acústics i la seua aplicació en l'àmbit biomèdic. La tesi pot ser dividida en tres grans parts: una primera en la qual se descriuen nous mètodes per al disseny de lents hologràfiques, una segona en la qual s'empren els hologrames ultrasònics per a generació d'hipertèrmia i una tercera en la qual s'estudia el seu ús per a teràpies transcranials. En la primera part de la tesi s'investiga el disseny de lents hologràfiques per a transductors amb geometria esfèrica com a alternativa a les lents planes ja descrites prèviament. A més, s'estudia un nou mètode per a codificar el camp acústic en les lents de manera que es millore la imatge produïda per elles, ajustant-se més a la desitjada. En la segona part s'estudia com és el patró tèrmic que genera el camp acústic produït per una lent hologràfica quan s'aplica sobre un material absorbent i com afecta la difusió tèrmica a aquest. Esta difusió té com a efecte que el patró tèrmic amb el temps no se semble a l'acústic, i les lents hagen de tindre en compte aquest procés en el seu disseny per a aplicacions tèrmiques, especialment si es desitgen regions uniformes de calfament. Es demostra com la hipertèrmia generada per ultrasons és més nociva en esferoides tumorals que la hipertèrmia tradicional. En la tercera part es demostra la viabilitat dels hologrames ultrasònics per a tractaments neurològics, aplicats des de la finestra temporal per a reduir el calfament de l'os que es produïx. A més, s'estudia en experiments ex-vivo el camp acústic produït per lents hologràfiques a través d'un crani de macaco, aplicant tècniques de projecció hologràfica per a obtindre encara més informació d'estes mesures i es dissenya un sistema per a aplicar estos hologrames en experiments in-vivo amb macacos i comprovar la viabilitat de l'obertura de la barrera hematoencefàlica de forma localitzada. Esta tesi s'enfoca a un millor disseny i enteniment de les emergents lents hologràfiques, així com en l'estudi de la seua validesa en aplicacions biomèdiques de gran interès com són la hipertèrmia, la neuromodulació i l'obertura de la barrera hematoencefàlica per a l'administració de fàrmacs en el cervell. / [EN] Ultrasound has been used since the 1990s for the treatment of multiple pathologies thanks to its non-invasive and non-ionising nature, from localised cancer treatment to neurological therapies. The focusing of these pressure waves and beam shaping has been a problem that has been tackled from various perspectives, with the use of focusing lenses, focused transducers and the more sophisticated phased-array systems composed of multiple transducers with electronic amplitude and phase control. These systems have several drawbacks, such as the poor beam control offered by focused transducers, with a fixed focus and no control of possible field distortions introduced by the medium, or the high cost due to the complex electronics of phased-array systems, although they provide better focus control and aberration compensation. The revolutionary idea of acoustic holograms as passive 3D printed elements came as a low-cost alternative to these previous systems. They were first described to be used in homogeneous media to generate a wide range of acoustic images, but their feasibility for focusing ultrasound beams inside the brain was soon studied and proved to be very useful in correcting the aberrations that the skull introduces into the wavefront. Holographic lenses are capable of encoding both the field to be generated and the phase distortions that may be introduced by the medium in which the ultrasound propagates. This thesis studies the design of acoustic holograms and their application in the biomedical field. The thesis can be divided into three main parts: a first one in which new methods for the design of holographic lenses are described, a second one in which ultrasonic holograms are used for hyperthermia generation, and a third one in which their use for transcranial therapies is studied. The first part of the thesis investigates the design of holographic lenses for transducers with spherical geometry as an alternative to the previously described flat lenses. In addition, a new method is studied to encode the acoustic field in the lenses in order to improve the image produced by them, adjusting it more closely to the desired image. The second part studies the thermal pattern generated by the acoustic field produced by a holographic lens when it is applied to an absorbing material and how thermal diffusion affects it. This diffusion has the effect that the thermal pattern over time does not resemble the acoustic pattern, and lenses must take this process into account in their design for thermal applications, especially if uniform regions of heating are desired. The method is tested on multiple tumour spheroids, and results show that ultrasound-mediated hyperthermia is shown to be more damaging to tumour cell spheroids than traditional hyperthermia. The third part demonstrates the feasibility of ultrasonic holograms for neural treatments, applied from the temporal window to reduce the bone heating that occurs. In addition, the acoustic field produced by holographic lenses through a macaque skull is studied in ex-vivo experiments, applying holographic projection techniques to obtain even more information from these experiments. A system is designed to apply these holograms in in-vivo experiments with macaques to test the feasibility of opening the blood-brain barrier in a localized manner. This thesis focuses on a better design and understanding of the emerging holographic lenses, as well as on studying their validity in biomedical applications of great interest such as hyperthermia, neuromodulation and the opening of the blood-brain barrier for drug delivery to the brain. / Andrés Bautista, D. (2024). Acoustic Holograms for Hyperthermia and Transcranial Ultrasound [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/205788

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