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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Anemometria térmica aplicada à hidrometria em regime de submedição.

CAVALCANTI, Tony Carlos Moura. 28 August 2018 (has links)
Submitted by Emanuel Varela Cardoso (emanuel.varela@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-08-28T20:29:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TONY CARLOS MOURA CAVALCANTI – TESE (PPGEEI) 2016.pdf: 4469755 bytes, checksum: 884382b3c566b4aca499dc522be900ab (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-28T20:29:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TONY CARLOS MOURA CAVALCANTI – TESE (PPGEEI) 2016.pdf: 4469755 bytes, checksum: 884382b3c566b4aca499dc522be900ab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-12 / CNPq / O objetivo neste trabalho é propor um sistema para a hidrometria na faixa de submedição utilizando a anemometria térmica. O objetivo de medir vazão está presente em muitos campos da ciência, sendo necessário sabermos quais os valores de um material foram consumidos com o menor erro possível. Na primeira parte da pesquisa foram realizadas simulações em ambiente multifísico para identificar as condições de trabalho e possíveis pontos de localização do sensor. Para poder usar o sensor, é necessário conhecer valores limítrofes de trabalho do mesmo, ou seja, a faixa de operação, indicando assim a vazão mínima e máxima de operação do sensor anemométrico. Portanto, na segunda etapa do trabalho, foi proposta uma plataforma com um sistema de bombeamento para testar o sistema de medição proposto. A plataforma foi construída de modo a permitir que um fluído flua através de uma tubulação e, assim, determinar qual é a velocidade do fluído e, portanto, a vazão. / The objective of this work is to propose a system for the hydrometry in the sub-measurement range using thermal anemometry. The objective of measuring flow is present in many fields of science, it is necessary to know what values of a material were performed using COMSOL software to identify working conditions and maximum flow rate of the anemometric sensor. Therefore, in the second stage of the work, a platform with a pumping system was proposed in order to test the proposed measurement system. The platform was constructed so as to allow a fluid to flow through a pipeline, and thereby determine what the velocity of the fluid, and hence the flow, is.
2

Desenvolvimento de uma metodologia para avaliação numerica e experimental do escoamento liquido/vapor em colunas de destilação / Development of a methology for numerical and experimental evaluation of liquid/vapour flow in distillation columns

Soares, Cintia 16 December 2005 (has links)
Orientadores: Maria Regina Wolf Maciel, Antonio Andre Chivanga Barros, Henry França Meier / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T18:14:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Soares_Cintia_D.pdf: 3816439 bytes, checksum: e39afd5653e2802b28899a3c09f4753c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Grande parte dos estudos envolvendo colunas de destilação está fundamentada por modelos macroscópicos de conservação de massa e de energia. Exemplo disto são os modelos de estágios de equilíbrio e de não-equilíbrio. Nestes, os aspectos fluidodinâmicos do escoamento são restritos e orientados à medição de parâmetros macroscópicos. Porém, graças aos avanços introduzidos pelo emprego das técnicas da fluidodinâmica computacional (CFD), a análise de processos empregando uma abordagem microscópica tornou-se mais sofisticada e precisa. Além disto, há necessidade de trabalho experimental com o propósito de validar modelos e métodos em CFD e medir outros parâmetros ao longo do equipamento. Dentro deste contexto, este trabalho visa o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia de caráter numérico e experimental que possibilite o estudo do escoamento líquido-vapor, em nível microscópico, em um prato perfurado de uma coluna de destilação. Para tanto, objetiva-se a proposição de um modelo microscópico de conservação da quantidade de movimento, em condições de escoamento turbulento, sob a influência da fase vapor, e de uma metodologia para a aquisição de dados experimentais. A metodologia numérica consistiu em iniciar com um estudo aprofundado do escoamento com superfície livre, utilizando um módulo experimental de hidráulica, seguido do estudo do escoamento monofásico na superfície de um prato perfurado. Estudos em uma coluna de bolhas permitiram a obtenção de experiência com modelos e métodos associados ao escoamento multifásico. Finalmente, foram realizados estudos sobre o escoamento líquido-vapor em pratos perfurados com a proposição de um modelo 3-D e homogêneo. Na metodologia de solução, o principal objetivo esteve relacionado às características numéricas, tais como: fatores de relaxação, esquemas de interpolação, integração temporal, acoplamento pressão-velocidade, entre outras. A metodologia experimental consistiu no projeto e construção de uma coluna de destilação para a simulação física do escoamento líquido-vapor em um estágio a frio, sendo as informações microscópicas obtidas por meio do emprego da técnica de anemometria térmica. Técnicas de visualização do escoamento foram empregadas como ferramenta de análise qualitativa na identificação de padrões de escoamento, como mecanismo de apoio à realização de medidas experimentais e, finalmente, como instrumento complementar de análise para facilitar a interpretação dos resultados. A metodologia numérica permitiu a avaliação de estratégias de solução de modelos e métodos em CFD, além do desenvolvimento de um modelo homogêneo capaz de predizer o escoamento líquidovapor, em nível microscópico, em um prato perfurado de uma coluna de destilação. A metodologia experimental permitiu a caracterização do escoamento em um tanque retangular, entretanto, a técnica de anemometria térmica apresentou limitações quando da aplicação no escoamento bifásico. Na análise dos resultados obtidos concluiu-se que há a ocorrência de diferentes padrões de escoamento no interior de uma coluna de destilação, de acordo com a vazão da fase gás e da geometria do prato, sendo o escoamento não uniforme. Além disto, há uma tendência do fluxo de líquido próximo à parede retroceder, o que resulta no fenômeno de circulação. Outra observação importante foi que a fase vapor, em contato com o líquido fluindo horizontalmente, obtém uma energia cinética na direção do fluxo de líquido / Abstract: Greater part of researches involving distillation columns is based on macroscopic models of mass and energy conservation. Examples are the equilibrium and non-equilibrium stage models. In these cases, the fluid dynamics characteristics are restricted in measuring macroscopic parameters. However, advances introduced by fluid dynamic techniques made possible a more sophisticated and accurate process analysis using a microscopic approach. Researches in this area are indispensable and more experimental studies is necessary in order to validate models and methods in CFD and measure other parameters along the equipment. Based on these statements, this work takes aim the development of a numerical and experimental methodology that enables the study of liquid-vapour flow, in a microscopic level, on a sieve plate of a distillation column. It is proposed the development, implementation and application of a microscopic model for momentum conservation subjected to turbulent flow of the vapour phase, complemented by the development of an experimental methodology for data acquisition in an apparatus in laboratory scale. The numerical methodology consisted to make a deep study of flow with free surface using a hydraulic modulus and a study of a single-phase flow on a sieve plate. Studies in a bubble column allowed building knowledge for modelling momentum transfer phenomenon in multiphase flow. Finally, studies about the liquid-vapour flow in sieve plates were carried out with development of a 3-D and homogeneous model. The main objective in the solution methodology was related to numerical characteristics, such as: relaxation factors, interpolation schemes, temporal integration and pressure-velocity coupling. The experimental methodology consisted in the design and building of a distillation column that simulates the liquid-vapour in a sieve plate. The information related to velocity profiles were obtained by means of definition and implementation of the thermal anemometry technique. During the numerical and experimental studies, flow visualization techniques have also been employed in different ways as a tool for qualitative analysis of different flow patterns, as an assistance to the experimental measures, and finally, as a complement to the analysis, supporting the interpretation of results. The numerical methodology allowed the evaluation of models and methods strategies in CFD, and the development of a homogeneous model able to predict the liquid-vapour flow in a sieve plate of a distillation column. On the other hand, the experimental methodology allowed the evaluation of flow inside a rectangular reservoir, but the thermal anemometry technique presented limitations in the multiphase flow. It was concluded that there is the occurrence of different flow patterns inside the distillation column, according to the gas flow and plate geometry, and the flow is not uniform in the plate surface. Besides, there is a tendency of the liquid flow to go back near the wall, resulting in a circulating zone. Other observation was that the vapour phase, contacting with the horizontally flowing liquid, gains a kinetic energy in the direction of liquid flow / Doutorado / Desenvolvimento de Processos Químicos / Doutor em Engenharia Química
3

Towards small scale sensors for turbulent flows and for rarefied gas damping

Ebrahiminejad Rafsanjani, Amin 02 January 2018 (has links)
This thesis makes contributions towards the development of two different small-scale sensing systems which show promise for measurements in fluid mechanics. Well-resolved turbulent Wall Shear Stress (WSS) measurements could provide a basis for realistic computational models of near-wall turbulent flow in aerodynamic design. In aerodynamics field applications, they could provide indication of flow direction and regions of separation, enabling inputs for flight control or active control of wind-turbine blades to reduce shock and fatigue loading due to separated flow regions. Traditional thermal WSS sensors consist of a single microscale hot-film, flush-mounted with the surface and maintained at constant temperature. Their potential for fast response to small fluctuations may not be realized, as heat transfer through the substrate creates heat-exchange with fluid, leading to loss of spatial and temporal resolution. The guard-heated thermal WSS sensor is a design introduced to block this loss of resolution. A numerical flow-field with a range of length and time and scales was generated to study the response of both guard-heated and conventional single-element thermal WSS sensors. A conjugate heat transfer solution including substrate heat conduction and flow convection, provides spatiotemporal data on both the actual and the “measured” WSS fluctuations calculated from the heat transfer rates experienced due to the WSS field. For a single-element sensor in air, we found that the heat transfer through the substrate was up to six times larger than direct heat transfer from the hot-film to the fluid. The resulting loss of resolution in the single-element sensor can be largely recovered by using the guard-heated design. Spectra for calculated WSS from heat transfer response show that high frequencies are considerably better resolved in guard-heated sensors than in the single element sensor. Nanoresonators are nanowires (NWs) excited into mechanical vibration at a resonance frequency, with a change in spectral width created by gas damping from the environment, or a shift in the resonance peak frequency created by added mass. They enable a wide range of applications, from sensors to study rarefied gas flow friction to the detection of early-stage cancer. The extraordinary sensitivity of nanoresonators for disease molecule detection has been demonstrated with a few NWs, but the high cost of traditional electron-beam lithography patterning, have inhibited practical applications requiring large arrays of sensors. Field-directed assembly techniques under development in our laboratory enable a large number of devices at low cost. Electro-deposition of metals in templates yields high-quality single nanowires, but undesired clumps must be removed. This calls for separation (extraction) of single nanowires. In this work, single nanowires are extracted by using the sedimentation behavior of particles. Based on numerical and experimental analyses, the optimum time and region for extracting samples with the highest fraction of single nanowires ratio was found. We show that it is possible to take samples free of large clumps of nanowires and decrease the ratio of undesired particles to single nanowires by over one order of magnitude. / Graduate

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