De nouveaux alliages Zn-TR1-5 %mass.(TR = Ce, La et Mischmetal : Ce 75%/La25%) ont été synthétisés par fusion sous atmosphère contrôlée et coulés sous forme de plaques. Dans ces nouveaux matériaux, les terre rare sont localisées exclusivement dans des phases intermétalliques dispersées de manière homogène dans la matrice de zinc : Zn11Ce, Zn13La ou Zn11Ce1-xLax and Zn13CeyLa1-y. Le comportement électrochimique de ces nouveaux alliages a été étudié dans un milieu corrosif de référence simulant les conditions atmosphériques. En parallèle, les phases intermétalliques pures Zn11Ce and Zn13La ont été synthétisées et leur influence électrochimique a été évaluée par voltamétrie et couplage galvanique. Les résultats montrent que les deux phases intermétalliques sont des sites cathodiques préférentiels de la réduction du dioxygène et induisent une inhibition cathodique de la corrosion des alliages Zn-TR par rapport au zinc pur. Ce phénomène est plus marqué dans le cas des alliages au lanthane. Dans le cas spécifique des alliages au cérium, une inhibition anodique a également été observée et corrélée avec une modification chimique des produits de corrosion (composés majoritairement d'hydrozincite). En fait, une faible quantitéhomogène de cérium a pu être mise en évidence dans la couche de corrosion par spectrométrie dispersive en longueur d'onde. D'après les résultats d'expériences de précipitation contrôlée de sels de cérium et zinc en milieu carbonaté, la présence de cérium dans la couche de corrosion et son caractère protecteur pourraient être attribués à la formation d'un composé mixte double lamellaire zinc-cérium. L'addition de moins de 2%mass. de cérium ou lanthane permet d'améliorer la résistance à la corrosion du zinc. Cependant, lorsque la teneur en terre-rare augmente, l'effet de couplage galvanique devient plus important et rend les alliages moins résistants que le zinc pur / New Zn-RE1-5 wt.% alloys (RE=Ce, La and Mischmetal: Ce 75%/ La 25%) were synthesized by melting under controlled atmosphere and cast in plates. In these materials, rare earth metal are exclusively present in intermetallic phases homogeneously dispersed in the zinc matrix: Zn11Ce, Zn13La or Zn11Ce1-xLax and Zn13CeyLa1-y. The electrochemical behavior of these new alloys was investigated in a reference corrosivemedium. In parallel, the pure intermetallic phases Zn11Ce and Zn13La were synthesized and their electrochemical influence was studied by voltametry and galvanic coupling. Results show that both intermetallic phases act as preferential cathodic sites of dioxygen reduction and induce a cathodic inhibition of the corrosion of the Zn-RE alloys by comparison with pure zinc. This phenomenon is much more significant in the case of lanthanum containing alloys. In the specific case of cerium addition to zinc, an anodic inhibition was also observed and correlated with a chemical modification of the corrosion products (mainly made of hydrozincite). Actually, low quantities of cerium (less than 1 at.%) have been detected homogeneously in the corrosion layer by wave-length dispersive spectrometry. From results of controlled precipitation experiments of cerium and zinc salts performed in carbonated medium, the presence of cerium in the corrosionlayer and its protective character could be attributed to the formation of a mixed double lamellar zinc-cerium product. Therefore, addition to zinc of less than 2 wt.% of cerium or lanthanum allow to improve the corrosion resistance of zinc. However, by increasing the rare earth content in the alloys, the galvanic coupling phenomenon becomes more important and makes the alloys less resistant than pure zinc

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:42:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VivianeOC_DISSERT.pdf: 3402531 bytes, checksum: e2e7a469bf001a9ef16d573773ea7bda (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-01-24 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are supramolecular structures consisted of ions or metal clusters coordinated to organic ligands which are repeated in two or three dimensions. These structures have atracted much attention due to their properties such as low density, high specific surface area and large volume of pores. In this work, MOFs consisted of zinc clusters connected by ditopic ligands, terephthalic acid (1,4- H2BDC) or isophthalic acid (1,3-H2BDC) were synthesized. To obtain the proposed materials, different routes and synthetic parameters were tested, such as the molar ratio of the precursors, the addition of template molecules, the type of solvente, the addition of organic base or the type of a counter-ion of Zn salt. It was found that the variation of these parameters led to the formation of different metalorganic structures. The solids obtained were characterized by XRD, SEM and IR. For the samples identified as MOF- 5, it was verified that the structure was composed of both interpenetrated and non interpenetrated structures. These samples showed a low stability, becoming totally transformed into another structure within less than 72 hours. The addition of the nickel and/or cobalt was found to be a promissing method for increasing the stability of MOF- 5, which in this case, still remained unconverted to another structure even after 15 days of exposure to air. The samples prepared from 1,3-H2BDC were probably new, still unknown Metal Organic Frameworks / Redes Metalorg?nicas (MOFs) s?o estruturas supramoleculares constitu?das de ?ons ou clusters met?licos coordenados com ligantes org?nicos que se repetem em duas (2D) ou tr?s (3D) dimens?es. Essas estruturas t?m atra?do muita aten??o devido ?s suas propriedades, como por exemplo, baixa densidade, elevada ?rea superficial espec?fica e elevado volume de poro livre. Neste trabalho foram sintetizadas MOFs formadas por clusters met?licos de zinco conectados por ligantes dit?picos, ?cido tereft?lico (1,4- H2BDC) ou isoft?lico (1,3-H2BDC). Para a obten??o dos materiais propostos foram testadas diferentes rotas e par?metros de s?ntese, tais como, raz?o molar dos precursores, adi??o de mol?culas de molde, tipo de solvente, adi??o de base org?nica ou do contra-?on do sal de Zn. Constatou-se que a varia??o destes par?metros pode conduzir a forma??o de diferentes estruturas metalorg?nicas. Os s?lidos obtidos foram caracterizados por DRX, MEV e IV e TG. Para as amostras onde foi identificada a rede metalorg?nica MOF-5 verificou-se a exist?ncia de por??es de estrutura interpenetrada, assim como de estrutura n?o interpenetrada. Estas amostras apresentaram baixa estabilidade, convertendo-se totalmente em outra estrutura num per?odo de tempo inferior a 72 h. A adi??o de n?quel e/ou cobalto mostrou-se promissora para o aumento de estabilidade da MOF-5, a qual foi identificada mesmo ap?s 15 dias de exposi??o ao ar. Dentre as amostras preparadas com 1,3-H2BDC apenas uma estrutura foi identificada, com base nos bancos de dados de estruturas conhecidas, levando a crer que tr?s redes metalorg?nicas obtidas apresentam estruturas in?ditas