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Task-based design for lecturer-student communication in teaching Xhosa as a second languageMntuyedwa, Vuyokazi Julia 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA (African Languages))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This mini-thesis examines the features of a range of communication tasks in Xhosa
that characterize lecturer-student conversations in tertiary context as regards
problems of some individual students assuming the Task-based Theory of second
language learning and teaching. The study is motivated by the need that exists for
the development of specific purposes language courses for African languages like
Xhosa in South Africa in the light of the constitutional provision for multilingualism
and the advancement of the African languages. The introduction of multilingualism
and the advancement of the status and use of the African languages are also
specified in the National language policy for Higher Education. In order to commence
on the kind of research on syllabus design required for quality second language
courses for Xhosa within tertiary context the nature of lecturer-student
communication relating to the problems of individual students is investigated in this
study. The study focuses in particular on the issue of task design, i.e. the features
posited by Pica et al (1993) relating to the interactant relationship between the
participants, the interactant requirement (one-way or two-way), the communication
goal orientation (i.e. convergent or divergent), and the goal outcome option (i.e. one
or several outcome options). The analysis of the Xhosa communication tasks is of
crucial significance for syllabus design, course design and pedagogic task design for
task-based language teaching. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie mini-tesis ondersoek die kenmerke van ‘n verskeidenheid kommunikasietake
in isiXhosa wat dosent-student gesprekke in hoër onderwys kenmerk betreffende die
probleme wat individuele studente ervaar. Die raamwerk van Taakgebaseerde
onderrig en leer-teorie word aanvaar. Die studie is veral gemotiveer deur die
behoefte wat bestaan vir die ontwikkeling van spesifieke doeleindes taalkursusse vir
Afrikatale soos isiXhosa in Suid-Afrika in die lig van die konstitusionele voorsiening
wat gemaak word vir veeltaligheid en die bevordering van die inheemse Afrikatale.
Die invoer van veeltaligheid en die bevordering van die status en gebruik van die
Afrikatale word ook gespesifiseer in die Nasionale Taalbeleid vir Hoër Onderwys.
Ten einde te begin met die tipe van sillabusontwerp vir gehalte tweedetaal-onderrig
kursusse vir Xhosa binne tersiêre konteks, word die aard van dosent-student
kommunikasie buite die klas, betreffende die probleme van individuele studente
ondersoek in hierdie studie. Die studie fokus in die besonder op die vraagstuk van
taak-ontwerp, dit is, kenmerke voorgestel deur Pica et al (1993) betreffende die
deelnemers, die interakteerder-vereistes (een-rigting of twee-rigting), die
kommunikasiedoel oriëntasie (d.i. konvergent of divergent), en die doel-uitkoms (een
of verskeie uitkomste). Die analise van die Xhosa kommunikasietake is van sentrale
belang vir sillabus-ontwerp, kursus-ontwerp en pedagogiese taak-ontwerp vir taakgebaseerde
taalonderrig.
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An analysis of account on love affairs in IsiZuluShabalala, Brian Christian Thamsanqa 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA (African Languages))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / This study explores the theoretical work in the articulation of the motivations and conditions
for account-giving in isiZulu. In this context, accounts are similar to narratives and can be
retained at the level of private reflections or written diary entries or for others to read and
refer to from time to time.
The account-giving process, according to Waldron (1997), is like a “life in motion” in which
individual characters are portrayed as moving through their experiences, dealing with
conflicts or problems in their lives and, at the same time, searching for resolutions. It is the
quest to understand the major stresses in each individual’s mind that is at the core of this
study. The why-questions that are the result of the daily experiences of destitution,
depression, death, disability, etc. are also addressed here.
Narrative accounts form the basis of moral and social events and, as such, stories have two
elements through which they are explored. They are explored from the point of view of,
firstly, the way in which they are told and, secondly, the way in which they are lived within a
social context. These stories follow a historically or culturally based format and, to this effect,
Gergen (1994) suggests narrative criteria that constitute a historically contingent narrative
form. Narrative forms are linguistic tools that have important social functions to fulfil
satisfactorily, such as stability narrative, progressive narrative and regressive narrative.
According to Gergen (1994), self-narratives are social processes in which individuals are
realised on the personal perspective or experience and, as such, their emotions are viewed as
constitutive features of relationship. The self-narratives used and analysed in this study
portray the contemporary culture-based elements or segments of a well-formed narrative.
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Ukunika ingxelo kwimeko yamava obomi esixhoseniLugalo, Noxolo Veronica 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA (African Languages))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / The aim of this study is to explore and encourage the use of accounts in the sense
that events occur in our societies that compel those who are victims of those
circumstances to give account of their experiences.
The theme of this study is based on statements about events such as abuse,
cheating, death and being HIV positive and on answers to such events. In respect of
the theory of image restoration, Benoit (1995) discusses why people should give
account of their wrongdoings and narrate such events. He states that language and
communication practitioners as well as the great philosophers in communities have
an interest in how image restoration works in our communities. This research focuses
on the Benoit theory.
People give account in everyday life of their wrongdoings or of accusations of
wrongdoing, since this helps to restore their reputations. The focus of this study is on
the use of accounts in Xhosa culture as a strategy in the narration of life stories.
According to Benoit (1995), accounts are excuses and justifications that are
responses to offence or failure events such as requests for an account of the
violation of a norm, of the rebuke of another person and of the expression of surprise
or disgust at certain behaviours.
This study illustrates how to give account of your own experience. In this regard,
Gergen (1994) states that the term “self-narrative” refers to an individual’s account of
the relationship of self-relevant events across time, while White and Epston (1990)
state that people give meaning to their lives and relationships by narrating stories
about their experience of life.
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The speech act of apology in Xitsonga : educational contextsSombhane, Mihloti Penelope 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA (African Languages))--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / The study explores how Grade 10 learners use the speech act of apology in an
educational environment. Apologies are viewed in this study as a kind of remedial
work; action taken to change what may be regarded as an offensive act into an
acceptable one. Eight different strategies for complaining and twenty-one for
apologising are presented with examples to illustrate each. Data was gathered using
questionnaires in order to gain insight in the total number of complaint and apology
strategies used. Analysis of the answered questionnaires showed that while there
are strategies which are commonly used by both male and female learners, some
strategies are used mostly by male learners and some mostly by female learners.
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Persuasive messages of some married men in XhosaTiti, Nonzolo 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA (African Languages))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Issues relating to persuasive-message production motivated this study to investigate
the extent to which married Xhosa men use persuasive messages in their
conversations. The study also explored the influence goals that married Xhosa men
wish to attain when they engage in persuasive interactions. The study furthermore
aimed to determine the persuasive strategies used by married Xhosa men in their
persuasive messages.
Dillard and Marshall (2003) defined persuasion as an occurrence that comprises
longer, naturally impromptu messages concentrating mainly on a large body of
discussion with preferred topics of social, political and commercial importance.
Goals have been given much attention, since they play a major role in persuasive
messages. Dillard and Marshall (2003) distinguished between two types of goals:
primary goals and secondary goals. Primary goals are also referred to as influence
goals and are defined as the state of affairs that people wish to bring about (Dillard &
Marshall, 2003). The two authors mentioned also identified different types of primary
goals, referring to them as motivations behind the source’s influence attempt.
Different types of primary goals have been found in various works, including the
works of Dillard (2003), Wilson and Sabee (2003), Wilson (2002), Cody et al. (1994),
Dillard et al. (1989), Wilson and Kunkel (2000) and Schrader and Dillard (1998).
This study examined the approaches, such as directness or indirectness, that
married Xhosa men use when conveying their messages. It endeavoured to discover
the persuasive problems encountered by these men and other issues related to the
production of a persuasive message. In this study, the goal of giving advice appeared
to be the one used most by the men. The study revealed that the main reason for the
men giving advice was to help people in their society to lead healthy lifestyles. It also
showed that the common use of the advisory goal is valued in Xhosa culture and that
it is, to a certain extent, appreciated by those who are being advised. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Kwessies wat verband hou met die skep van oorredende boodskappe was die
dryfveer agter hierdie studie wat ondersoek ingestel het na die mate waartoe
getroude Xhosamans oorredende boodskappe in hulle gesprekke gebruik. Die studie
het ook die invloed van doelstellings wat getroude Xhosamans graag wil bereik
wanneer hulle by oorredende interaksies betrokke raak, verken. Die studie het verder
ten doel gehad om die oorredende strategieë wat deur getroude Xhosamans in hulle
oorredende boodskappe gebruik word, te bepaal.
Dillard en Marshall (2003) het oorreding gedefinieer as gebeurtenis wat langer
boodskappe, wat van nature impromptu is, behels en wat hoofsaaklik op groot
massa bespreking met verkose onderwerpe van sosiale, politieke en kommersiële
belang konsentreer.
Heelwat aandag is aan doelstellings gegee aangesien dit belangrike rol in
oorredende boodskappe speel. Dillard en Marshall (2003) onderskei twee soorte
doelstellings: primêre doelstellings en sekondêre doelstellings. Primêre doelstellings
word ook invloeddoelstellings genoem en dit word gedefinieer as die toedrag van
sake wat mense teweeg wil bring (Dillard & Marshall, 2003). Genoemde twee outeurs
noem ook geïdentifiseerde verskillende soorte primêre doelstellings, en beskryf
hierdie soort as motiverings agter die bron se poging tot invloed. Verskillende soorte
primêre doelstellings is in verskeie werke aangetref, met inbegrip van die werk van
Dillard (2003), Wilson en Sabee (2003), Wilson (2002), Cody et al. (1994), Dillard et
al. (1989), Wilson en Kunkel (2000) en Schrader en Dillard (1998).
Hierdie studie het die benaderings, soos direktheid of indirektheid, ondersoek wat
getroude Xhosamans gebruik wanneer hulle boodskappe oordra. Daar is probeer om
die oorredende probleme wat deur hierdie mans teëgekom word en ander kwessies
wat met die produksie van oorredende boodskap verband hou, vas te stel. In
hierdie studie lyk dit asof die doel om raad te gee dié is wat die meeste deur die
mans gebruik word. Die studie het aan die lig gebring dat die hoofrede waarom die
mans raad gee, is om mense in hulle gemeenskap te help om gesonde lewenstyle te
handhaaf. Dit het ook getoon dat daar aan die gewone gebruik van die raadgewende
doel in die Xhosakultuur waarde geheg word en dat dit, tot sekere mate, deur
diegene wat raad gegee word, gewaardeer word. / ISISHWANKATHELO: Imicimbi enxulumene nokuveliswa kwemiyalezo yotshintsho lwengqondo iye
yaphembelela ukuba kuphandwe ubungakanani bokusetyenziswa kwemiyalezo
etshintsha ingqondo kwincoko ngamadoda amaXhosa atshatileyo. Esi sifundo
sikwaphonononga ezona njongo zoxinzelelo la madoda athi abe nomnqweno
wokuzifezekisa xa ezibandakanya kwiinkqubo zotshintsho lwengqondo. Ngaphezu
koko, esi sifundo sikwajolise ekufumaniseni amaqhinga okutshintsha ingqondo athi
asetyenziswe ngamadoda amaXhosa atshatileyo kwimiyalezo yawo yokutshintsha
ingqondo.
Njengoko kuchaziwe ngu Dillard no Marshall (2003), utshintsho lwengqondo
sisenzeko esiquka imiyalezo emide, engalungiselelwanga kwangendalo, egxila
ngakumbi kwiingxoxo ezinemiba eliqela enemixholo engentlalo, ezopolitiko
nezingokubaluleka korhwebo.
Iinjongo abantu abathi bafune ukuzifezekisa zinikwe ingqwalasela enkulu nanje
ngoko zidlala indima ephambili kwimiyalezo etshintsha ingqondo. UDillard no
Marshall bangowama-(2003) bohlula phakathi kweentlobo ezimbini zeenjongo
abantu abanazo nabathi banqwenele ukuzifezekisa; iinjongo ezisisiseko (Primary
goals) kunye neenjongo zenqanaba lesibini (Secondary goals). Iinjongo ezisisiseko
zikwabizwa ngokuba ziinjongo ezinoxinixelelo (influence goals) kwaye zichazwa
ngokuba ziinjongo abathi abantu banqwenele ukuzifezekisa ngu Dillard no Marshall
bangowama-(2003). Bakwalatha iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeenjongo ezisisiseko
abakwazibiza ngokuba ziimpembelelo ezithi ziphembelele umzamo wokutshintsha
ingqondo womvelisi womyalezo lowo. Ezi ntlobo zahlukeneyo zeenjongo ezisisiseko
zifunyaniswe kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, misebenzi leyo equka umsebenzi ka-
Dillard no Marshall bangowama-(2003), ka-Wilson no Sabee bangowama-(2003), ka-
Wilson wangowama-(2002), ka-Cody et al. bangowama-(1994), ka-Dillard et al.
bangowama-(1989), ka-Wilson no Kunkel bangowama-(2000), kwakunye noka
Schrader no Dillard bangowama-(1998). Esi sifundo sikwaphonononga nendlela athi amadoda amaXhosa atshatileyo
ayisebenzise xa egqithisa imiyalezo yawo, umzekelo ukuthi ngqo (Directness)
okanye ukungathi ngqo (Indirectness) kwimiyalezo yawo. Esi sifundo sikwazama
ukufumanisa iingxaki zotshintsho lwengqondo ezithi zifunyanwe ngala madoda
kuquka neminye imiba enxulumene nokuveliswa kwemiyalezo yotshintsho ingqondo.
Kwesi sifundo injongo yokunika icebiso ibonakala iyeyona isetywenziswa kakhulu
ngamadoda amaXhosa atshatileyo. Esi sifundo sivelisa ukuba iyonke injongo
yokucebisa kula madoda kukunceda abantu ekuhlaleni ukuba babenobomi
obusempilweni. Ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwenjoko yokucebisa kwesi sifundo
kukwabonakalisa ukuba injonjo yokucebisa ixatyiswe kakhulu kwinkcubeko
yamaXhosa kwaye ngokwezinga elithile ikwathakazelelwa ngabo banikwa icebiso
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Persuasive messages of women in XhosaSijadu, Zameka Paula 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA (African Languages))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to explore interpersonal persuasive messages of Xhosaspeaking
women. The findings suggest that the majority of attempts at interpersonal
persuasion take place in close and often personal relationships. The findings further
show that the majority of Xhosa-speaking women tend to persuade those they are
familiar with, such as husbands, children, siblings and friends. Specific cultural aspects
also influence the persuasive messages of these women, such as collectivism,
indirectness, politeness and ubuntu (caring).
Research conducted by Cody et al. (1994), Dillard (1989) and Rule et al. (1985)
suggests that individuals seek to persuade others for a variety of reasons. They
discovered that the most sought-after influence goals are the following: give advice, gain
assistance, share activity, change orientation, change relationship, obtain permission
and enforce rights and obligations. These seven influence goals cover a large portion of
the persuasive landscape, and were dealt with considerably in this research.
The data for this research were collected from Xhosa-speaking women situated in the
Eastern Cape, specifically in the region of East London. A total of 20 women in the age
range of 30 to 45 participated by writing self-reports in which they attempted to influence
their friends, colleagues or family members. Participants also had to relate persuasive
incidents that recently took place. In addition, they were asked to mention whether the
process of gaining compliance was successful or not.
The research data were analysed and evaluated against the following:
1. Different types of influence goals
2. Message dimensions (explicitness, dominance and argument)
3. Evidence in a persuasive message
4. Emotional appeals (threat and guilt appeals)
5. Cultural and conversational constraints
The data analysis revealed that the findings of this study among Xhosa-speaking women
are on par with the findings of the study by S.R. Wilson (2002) on culture and conversational constraints, as well as with other research conducted by Dillard (1998) in
the field of message production. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie was om interpersoonlike oorredingsboodskappe van ’n
aantal Xhosasprekende vroue te ondersoek. Die bevindinge doen aan die hand dat die
meerderheid pogings tot interpersoonlike oorreding in nabye en dikwels persoonlike
verhoudings plaasvind. Die bevindinge van die navorsing toon ook dat die meerderheid
Xhosasprekende vroue daartoe geneig is om diegene waarmee hulle vertroud is, te
oorreed. Dit sluit gades, kinders, broers en susters en vriende in. Sekere kulturele
aspekte beïnvloed ook die oorredingsboodskappe van hierdie vroue, soos kollektivisme,
indirektheid, beleefdheid en ubuntu (omgee).
Navorsing uitgevoer deur Cody et al. (1994), Dillard (1989) en Rule et al. (1985) voer
aan dat individue ander mense om verskeie redes probeer oorreed. Hulle het uitgevind
dat die algemeenste doelwitte van beïnvloeding die volgende is: gee advies, verkry
bystand, deel aktiwiteit, verander oriëntasie, verander verhouding, verkry toestemming,
dwing regte af en verpligtinge. Hierdie sewe doelwitte van beïnvloeding dek ’n groot
gedeelte van die gebied van oorreding, en word omvattend in hierdie studie behandel.
Die data vir die navorsing is ingesamel van Xhosasprekende vroue in die Oos-Kaap,
spesifiek in die Oos-Londen-gebied. Twintig vroue tussen die ouderdom van 30 en 45
het deelgeneem deur verslae te skryf waarin hulle gepoog het om hul vriende, kollegas
of familielede te beïnvloed. Die deelnemers moes ook verslag doen van
oorredingsinsidente wat onlangs plaasgevind het. Hulle is gevra om te meld of die
proses om toegewing te verkry suksesvol was al dan nie.
Die navorsingsdata is ontleed en teen die volgende geëvalueer:
6. Verskillende soorte doelwitte van beïnvloeding
7. Boodskapdimensies (uitdruklikheid, dominansie en argument)
8. Bewyse in ’n oorredingsboodskap
9. Emosionele beroepe (dreigemente en beroepe om skuldgevoelens)
10. Kulturele en gespreksbeperkings
Die data-ontleding het aangetoon dat die bevindinge van hierdie studie onder
Xhosasprekende vroue ooreenstem met dié van ’n studie deur S.R. Wilson (2002) oor kulturele en gespreksbeperkings, asook met navorsing deur Dillard (1998) op die gebied
van boodskapproduksie.
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Focus on form in a framework for task-based Xhosa instruction in a specific purposes multimedia curriculumSteenkamp, Andries Willem 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (DLitt (African Languages))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / This study explores how focus on form can be included by means of computer within a task-based approach to the teaching of as specific purposes isiXhosa course for student teachers ...
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The expression of aspect in SesothoMotsei, Anastacia Sara 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (DLitt (African Languages))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The expression of aspect in Sesotho within the framework of the principles,
properties and mechanisms of three different components of grammar, i.e. the
syntactic, morphological and semantic components, has been established in a
broader context. The application of the terms aspect and tense in the existing
grammatical descriptions of the Sesotho verbs, however, has proved to be
problematic. This is largely owing to the fact that these categories are established in
Sesotho on the basis of notional distinctions. This study aims to examine
comprehensively, firstly, the morphosyntactic system of Sesotho, in order to
determine the range of categories that express grammatical aspect, which includes
the Perfective and Imperfective aspects in Sesotho. The perfective-imperfective
opposition is a particular area of focus in this study, and comprises the different
tenses which are involved in the meaning of the situation types (activities,
achievements, accomplishments and states). In this regard, questions relating to the
distinctive properties of tense and aspect in Sesotho, namely: (i) the aspect
categories that occur in the full range of tenses in Sesotho, (ii) the aspect categories
that occur in deficient verb constructions, and (iii) the theoretical treatment of the
relationship between aspect and the aspectual classes of verbs (activities,
achievements, accomplishments and states) in Sesotho, undergo detailed
examination and investigation in this study.
Secondly, the study both defines and explores the theoretical frameworks pertaining
to the analysis of: (i) the correlation between the Sesotho aspect system and the
relationship between situation types and grammatical aspects in Sesotho, (ii) the
distribution of aspectual classes of verbs with respect to grammatical aspect and
temporal adjunct (for- adverbial and in- adverbial) categories in Sesotho, and (iii), the
effect on telicity of certain complement categories on the inner temporal structure of
aspectual verb classes. The study establishes the premise that the syntactic
evidence for telic events in Sesotho usually turns on the feature of completion which
involves the interaction of duration and a change of state. Therefore, this study aims
to demonstrate that the existence and application of the durative adverbial provides
syntactic evidence for atelic events. The argument for the causes and dynamics of
the telic/atelic dichotomy, as approached in this study, is based on crucial shifts
which are triggered by either completive or durative adverbials when appearing with
situation types. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die wyse waarop aspek in Sesotho tot uitdrukking kom binne die raamwerk van die
beginsels, eienskappe en meganismes van drie verskillende komponente van die
grammatika, naamlik die sintaktiese, morfologiese en semantiese komponente, is
binne ‘n breër konteks vasgestel. Die toepassing van die terme aspek en
tempus/tydsaanduiding in die bestaande grammatikabeskrywings van die Sesotho
werkwoorde, blyk egter problematies te wees. Dit moet grootliks toegeskryf word
aan die feit dat hierdie kategorieë in Sesotho op grond van begripsonderskeidinge
gevestig geraak het. Die doel van hierdie studie is eerstens om ‘n omvattende
ondersoek van die morfosintaktiese sisteem van Sesotho te doen ten einde vas te
stel wat die omvang van die kategorieë is wat grammatiese aspek uitdruk. Dit sluit
die Perfektiewe en Imperfektiewe aspekte van Sesotho in. Die perfektum –
imperfektumopposisie is ‘n besondere fokus area in hierdie studie en dit behels die
verskillende tye van die werkwoord wat betrokke is die betekenis van die
situasietipes (aktiwiteite, verrigtinge, afhandeling en toestande). In hierdie verband
word vrae wat betrekking het op die distinktiewe eienskappe van tempus en aspek in
Sesotho, naamlik (i) die aspekkategorieë wat in die volle reeks tye in Sesotho
voorkom, (ii) die aspekkategorieë wat in gebrekkige/ontoereikende
werkwoordkonstruksies en (iii) die teoretiese hantering van die verhouding tussen
aspek en die aspektiese klasse werkwoorde (aktiwiteite, verrigtinge, afhandeling en
toestande) in Sesotho in hierdie studie in besonderhede ondersoek en nagevors.
Tweedens omlyn en verken die studie die teoretiese raamwerke wat betrekking het
op (i) die korrelasie tussen die Sesotho aspeksisteem en die verband tussen
situasietipes en grammatikale aspekte in Sesotho, (ii) die distribusie van aspektiese
werkwoordklasse ten opsigte van grammatiee aspek en temporele adjunkkategorieë
(vir – adverbiale en in – adverbiale) in Sesotho, en (iii) die effek op “telicity” telisiteit
van sekere komplementkategorieë op die binneste temporele struktuur van die
aspektiese werkwoordklasse. Die verhandeling poneer die premis dat die sintaktiese
bewys vir “telic” telies gebeure in Sesotho gewoonlik die kenmerk van voltooidheid
aktiveer wat die interaksie van tydsduur en ‘n verandering van toestand betrek. In
teenstelling hiermee beoog hierdie tesis om te demonstreer dat die bestaan en
toepassing van die duratiewe adverbiale aspek sintaktiese bewys verskaf vir “atelic” gebeure. Die argument vir die oorsake en dinamika van die “telic/atelic” digotomie,
soos in hierdie studie benader, is gebaseer op deurslaggewende verskuiwings wat
teweeggebring word deur òf voltooide òf duratiewe adverbiale aspekte wanneer hulle
saam met situasionele tipes voorkom. / KGUTSUFATSO: Tshebediso ya aspekte Sesothong e sibollotswe ka moelelo o pharalletseng ho
sebedisitswe moralo wa molawana o bontshang dikarolwana tse tharo tse fapaneng
tsa kwahollopuo e leng: kahopolelo/sintheks, kahontswe/mofoloji, moelelo/
semanthiks. Tshebediso ya aspekte le lekgathe ke bothata bo teng ditlhalosong tsa
kwahollopuo ya dihlopha tsa maetsi Sesothong. Bothata bona bo amana le dikarolo
tse latelang: Lebaka ke hobane aspekte le lekgathe di thehilwe ho latela phapano ya
tsona mekgahlelong ya Sesotho. Tabeng ya pele, boithuto bona bo hlahloba ka
botlalo tshebediso ya kamano ya mantswe le dipolelo (morphosyntactic system) ho
hlalosa lethathama la mekgahlelo e bontshang aspekte kwahollopuong, ho
kenyelleditswe diaspkete tse bontshang phethahalo (Perfective) le tse sa bontsheng
phethahalo (Imperfective). Phapano pakeng moelelo o bontshang phethahalo
(Perfective) le tsa moelelo o sa bontsheng phethahalo (Imperfective) ke e nngwe e
toboketswang ka hara boithuto bona e bile e na le mefuta e fapaneng ya lekgathe
mmoho le dihlopha tsa maetsi a bontshang (ketso (activity), phihlello e bontshang
nako e telele (accomplishment), phihlello e etsahalang ka potlako (achievement) le
boemo (state)). Ka tsela ena dipotso tse tobaneng le ditshobotsi tsa lekgathe le
aspekte Sesothong, e leng (i) mekgahlelo ya aspekte e fumanwang lethathamong la
lekgathe Sesothong, (ii) mekgahlelong ya aspekte e fumanwang dipolelong tsa
mahaelli/mathusi, le (iii) mohopolo wa tshebediso ya kamano e teng pakeng tsa
aspekte le dihlopha tsa maetsi a yona a bontshang (ketso (activity), phihlello e
bontshang nako e telele (accomplishment), phihlello e etsahalang ka potlako
(achievement) le boemo (state)) Sesothong.
Tabeng ya bobedi, boithuto bona bo hlalosa ka bophara moralo wa mohopolo o
amanang le manollo ya: (i) kamano e teng pakeng tsa tshebetso ya aspekte
Sesothong le dihlopha tsa maetsi le kwahollopuo ya aspekte Sesothong, (ii) kabo ya
dihlopha tsa maetsi ho latela aspekte ya teng kwahollopuong le ho mahlalosi a
bontshang nako (hora ekasitana le ka hora) mekgahlelong ya Sesotho, hammoho le
(iii) sekgahla sa mekgahlelo ya dipolelwana tsa tlatsetso tse itseng tse bontshang
ketso e tswellang pele kapa e phethahatsang ho latela sebopeho se ka hare sa nako
sa dihlopha tsa maetsi. Boithuto bona bo fumane bopaki ba dipolelo Sesothong hore diketso tse totobatsang phethahatso ya ditshobotsi tsa moelelo wa ketso e hlalosang
phetelo/qetelo Sesothong di kenyelleditse le tshebedisano pakeng tsa botswelli le
phetoho ya boemo. Le ha ho le jwalo boithuto bona bo rerile ho senola boteng le
tshebediso ya mahlalosi a nako (hora le ka hora) a bontshang botswelli mme a
nehelana ka bopaki bo netefatsang ketso e sa phethahalang mme e ka ikemela ka
boyona e se na pheletso kapa diphetoho moelelong. Boithutong bona, bo bontshitse
mabaka a phapanyetsano tshebedisong a thehilweng hodima ho phethahala le ho se
phethahale le ho ritsa ha moelelo ho bakwang ke mahlalosi a bontshang
phethahatso le botswelli ha a hlahella hammoho le dipolelo tsa dihlopha tsa maetsi.
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The mourning cultural practices amongst the Zulu-speaking widows of the KwaNyuswa community : a feminist perspective.Ndlovu, Cecilia Daphney. January 2013 (has links)
This study titled: “Mourning Cultural Practice Amongst the Zulu Speaking Widows of the KwaNyuswa Community: A Feminist Perspective” explored how mourning cultural practices contribute towards gender discrimination which results to women oppression. The main aim of this study was to document how cultural practices impact negatively to women. It focused on challenges and consequences that the Zulu speaking widows particularly in the rural areas experience during their mourning period.
Within feminism as an umbrella theory underpinning this study, radical approach was employed to address the issue to be investigated since it considers patriarchal practices as a primary cause of women’s oppression (Wills and Ellen, 1994:117). This approach enabled the study to extract the gender imbalances inherent in cultural practices, and to expose widow’s experiences, why they experience what they are experiencing and how do they perceive their experiences.
This study employed a qualitative research approach embracing the interpretive paradigm and sought to obtain a rich and deep interpretation of participant’s responses on the topic investigated. A combination of three qualitative data collection methods were used, these were: face to face interviews, focus groups discussion and participant observation. Thirty participants were randomly selected from five districts of KwaNyuswa and that include: key informants, women and men, widows and widowers and these were regarded as people who are knowledgeable and have an experience with the phenomenon studied.
Thematic data analysis was used in this study through which four themes were emerged. These themes were derived from participant’s perceptions and experiences which made it possible to meet the research objectives. The findings of this study revealed that the majority of people at KwaNyuswa consider mourning cultural practice as an integral part of their lives irrespective of its constraints or challenges it might have to the people involved. It was clear from this study that the people of this community are very much conservative and stereotyped and they do not consider anything of gender transformation or gender equality. Recommendations were made for social and gender transformation and for some means to improve the widow’s plight. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2013.
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Polysemy of the verbs ya and tla in Northern SothoMarobela, Refilwe Mmaseroka 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA (African Languages))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The topic of study is ‘go’ and ‘come’ verbs in Northern Sotho, which can be classified as verbs of state or motion. This study examines the semantics as well as the syntactic analysis of these verbs of state of motion within the framework of Pustejovsky’s Generative Lexicon Theory.
This study will explore the polysemy of ‘ya’, as shown in the sentences below:
1. Bana ba ya nokeng.
(The children go/are going to the river)
2. Bašimane ba ya šokeng.
(The boys go/are going to the bush)
The verb ya ‘go’ may end with the suffix –ile to realise the past tense of ya as illustrated in the following examples:
3. Bana ba ile nokeng.
(The children went to the river)
4. Bašemane ba ile šokeng.
(The boys went to the bush)
The study also examines the polysemy of the verb –tla in Northern Sotho. The verb tla ‘come’ semantically denotes motion as shown in the sentences below.
5. Basadi ba tla monyanyeng.
(The women come to the party)
6. Banna ba tla kopanong.
(Men come/are coming to the meeting)
The verb tla may end with the suffix –ile to demonstrate the past tense of –tla, as shown in the following sentences. 7. Ngwana o tlile sekolong.
(The child came to school)
8. Mokgalabje o tlile kgorong.
(The old man came to the headkraal)
This study will demonstrate that the agent argument of the verbs –ya and –tla may regularly occur as complement of the preposition le in Northern Sotho.
The range of data examined demonstrate that the verbs –ya and –tla exhibit a wide range of semantic selectional properties as regard to the subject argument and the locative argument. The study also analyses the aspectual properties of the sentences with –ya and –tla with reference to the activity and achievement situation types.
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