Trata-se de dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre perante a Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de São Paulo, versando sobre as regras de Subcapitalização no Direito Tributário Brasileiro. O tema central da dissertação pode ser resumido da seguinte maneira: o que são regras de subcapitalização e qual a real necessidade de estabelecimento destas no direito tributário brasileiro, tendo em vista o ordenamento jurídico precedente à publicação das referidas normas. Iniciaremos o trabalho com a contextualização histórica do tema e, na sequência, analisaremos a legislação relativa à subcapitalização no direito comparado, estudando os princípios norteadores, bem como as regras específicas existentes nas diversas localidades estudadas. Estudaremos ainda o sistema jurídico tributário precedente às regras de subcapitalização, bem como analisaremos caso julgado pelo Conselho de Contribuintes, conhecido como caso Colgate/Kolynos, considerado o principal julgado a respeito da matéria no Brasil e que, certamente, foi relevante para o estabelecimento das regras de subcapitalização no Brasil. Por fim, após descrição minuciosa da legislação estabelecida no Brasil, será realizada avaliação crítica, tendo em vista as imperfeições e lacunas verificadas na norma introdutora das regras de subcapitalização no Brasil, a saber, Medida Provisória nº 472/09, de 16 de dezembro de 2009, posteriormente convertida na Lei nº 12.249, de 14 de junho de 2010, bem como da regulamentação expedida pela Receita Federal do Brasil por meio da Instrução Normativa nº 1.154, de 12 de maio de 2011. / This is a dissertation to obtain the Master before the University of São Paulo Law School, about thin capitalization rules in Brazilian Tax Law. The central theme of the dissertation can be summarized this way: what are thin capitalization rules and what is the real need of establishing such rules in the Brazilian Tax Law, considering the previous existing law system. The starting point will be the historical contextualization of the theme and, in the sequel, we will analyze the thin capitalization rules in the foreign law, studying the guiding principles and the existing specific rules in the places studied. It will be studied the legal tax system precedent to thin capitalization rules, as well as it will be analyzed a case judged by Council Taxpayers, known as case Colgate/Kolynos, considered the principal case related to the subject in Brazil which, certainly, was relevant for establishing the thin capitalization rules in Brazil. Lastly, it will also be analyzed in details the rules established in Brazil, including a critical evaluation, in the view of imperfections and gaps verified in the rules which established thin capitalization rules in Brazil, namely, Provisory Measure nº 472, 2009 December 16th, converted into Law nº 12.249, 2010 June 14th, and regulation issued by Federal Tax Authorities, Normative Instruction nº 1.154, 2011 May 12

A multinational enterprise may adopt a tax avoidance mechanism under the contribution of paid-in capital to its subsidiary in Taiwan is decreased, while increasing its loans to the subsidiary as much as possible. This may result in the minimization of the taxable income of the subsidiary through the increase in interest expense deduction of the subsidiary. Under such an arrangement, non-deductible dividend payments are replaced with deductible interest payments. Anti-thin capitalization that was originated from the arm's length principle is adopted from Article 9(1) of the OECD Model Tax Convention. Many countries set a fixed debt-equity ratio as a safe harbor to anti-tax avoidance. In this paper, we use factor analysis to find the optimal debt-equity ratio under the optimal capital structure model. The purpose of this study is to find an optimal debt-equity ratio and propose suggestions in order to revise the law and advance tax system.

Trata-se de dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre perante a Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de São Paulo, versando sobre as regras de Subcapitalização no Direito Tributário Brasileiro. O tema central da dissertação pode ser resumido da seguinte maneira: o que são regras de subcapitalização e qual a real necessidade de estabelecimento destas no direito tributário brasileiro, tendo em vista o ordenamento jurídico precedente à publicação das referidas normas. Iniciaremos o trabalho com a contextualização histórica do tema e, na sequência, analisaremos a legislação relativa à subcapitalização no direito comparado, estudando os princípios norteadores, bem como as regras específicas existentes nas diversas localidades estudadas. Estudaremos ainda o sistema jurídico tributário precedente às regras de subcapitalização, bem como analisaremos caso julgado pelo Conselho de Contribuintes, conhecido como caso Colgate/Kolynos, considerado o principal julgado a respeito da matéria no Brasil e que, certamente, foi relevante para o estabelecimento das regras de subcapitalização no Brasil. Por fim, após descrição minuciosa da legislação estabelecida no Brasil, será realizada avaliação crítica, tendo em vista as imperfeições e lacunas verificadas na norma introdutora das regras de subcapitalização no Brasil, a saber, Medida Provisória nº 472/09, de 16 de dezembro de 2009, posteriormente convertida na Lei nº 12.249, de 14 de junho de 2010, bem como da regulamentação expedida pela Receita Federal do Brasil por meio da Instrução Normativa nº 1.154, de 12 de maio de 2011. / This is a dissertation to obtain the Master before the University of São Paulo Law School, about thin capitalization rules in Brazilian Tax Law. The central theme of the dissertation can be summarized this way: what are thin capitalization rules and what is the real need of establishing such rules in the Brazilian Tax Law, considering the previous existing law system. The starting point will be the historical contextualization of the theme and, in the sequel, we will analyze the thin capitalization rules in the foreign law, studying the guiding principles and the existing specific rules in the places studied. It will be studied the legal tax system precedent to thin capitalization rules, as well as it will be analyzed a case judged by Council Taxpayers, known as case Colgate/Kolynos, considered the principal case related to the subject in Brazil which, certainly, was relevant for establishing the thin capitalization rules in Brazil. Lastly, it will also be analyzed in details the rules established in Brazil, including a critical evaluation, in the view of imperfections and gaps verified in the rules which established thin capitalization rules in Brazil, namely, Provisory Measure nº 472, 2009 December 16th, converted into Law nº 12.249, 2010 June 14th, and regulation issued by Federal Tax Authorities, Normative Instruction nº 1.154, 2011 May 12

The literature suggests that when taking tax effects into account, debt ought to be preferable to equity. Thus, with all else being equal, levered firms are expected to show higher firm values. However, there are no uniform predictions of the size of this tax benefit from interest deductibility nor on the effect of changes in interest deductibility. We believe that the German corporate tax reform in 2008, which introduced an interest barrier, can serve as a promising "quasiexperiment" to investigate the effects from a reform of interest deductibility. A study of this reform on the basis of German financial statement data is of general interest because, first, similar interest barriers have been introduced in several countries and proposed by the OECD to fight BEPS. Second, the major characteristics of the German tax system can be regarded as representative for most European and major Asian countries. Third, single entity financial statements for German companies allows us to capture tax and capital structure details that have not been available in most prior studies. With significance at the 5% level, we find evidence that the companies that are affected by the interest barrier reduce their leverage by 4.7 percentage points more than companies that are not affected by the interest barrier. We are the first to employ a detailed matching approach to the underlying rich dataset, which enables us to overcome several limitations of previous studies. Our results imply that capital structure reactions most likely have been underestimated in previous studies. / Series: WU International Taxation Research Paper Series

The choice of corporate finance is an important source of tax planning opportunities for multinational companies. Investing companies have to be aware of inconsistent tax classification of equity and debt between countries in particular. Additionally, thin capitalization rules have to be taken into account. In response to changing corporate needs the present paper focuses on the tax consequences of hybrid financial instruments. Only some literature exists on cross-border hybrid finance. Especially the linkage between the two areas - hybrid finance and thin capitalization - both on a national and international level had to be dealt with academically. The paper analyses the substantive scope of thin capitalization regimes in general and in detail. The main finding is that the tax consequences of hybrid instruments reverse when used in thin capitalization situations and that traditional tax policy has to be reconsidered. (author's abstract) / Series: Discussion Papers SFB International Tax Coordination

Corporate income tax deductibility of interest after the implementation of ATAD Over the past few years, the media and the general public have focused heavily on tax avoidance of large corporations such as Apple and Google. OECD (2012) issued BEPS report in which it described tax base erosion and profit shifting methods. The tools described therein include also excessive use of foreign capital and the associated tax shield. The regulations and recommendations as set out in the BEPS report were implemented in the European ATAD Directive in 2016. This thesis focuses on the limitation of deductibility of interest, especially from the perspective of the analysis of the Czech implementation with regard to the regulation set out in the BEPS report and the ATAD Directive and fulfillment of their objectives. The main goal of the thesis is to assess the fulfillment of the objectives set out in the BEPS report and in the ATAD Directive within their Czech transposition, to analyze the Czech regulation and to point out possible shortcomings of the Czech regulation and problems related to the implementation of new rules limiting the deductibility of borrowing costs. The thesis is divided into four chapters. The first chapter focuses on the problematics of interest and other borrowing costs deductibility,...

本研究旨在探討我國最新建立之反資本弱化稅制對跨國集團整體稅負之影響，並欲指出跨國公司在未來租稅規劃上應注意之事項。透過對國內外資本弱化相關案例，以及其他實務上可能產生稀釋資本議題之操作模式做個案研究，希望能夠發現在此稅制之下可能存在之問題與風險。 本文共分為五章，概述如下： 第一章：說明本研究之研究動機、欲探討之問題、擬採用之研究方法以及本研究架構。 第二章：分別針對資本弱化之理論架構、相關稅收議題，以及各國反資本弱化稅制之國內外文獻進行回顧及探討。 第三章：介紹並整理我國反資本弱化稅制中之各類法條、辦法及函令。 第四章：案例研究，以虛擬案例及實務上產生爭議之個案為研究對象，俾對我國未來稅捐稽徵機關在稽徵實務上及納稅義務人在租稅規劃上提出建議。 第五章：就前述討論內容做出結論，並嘗試對我國反資本弱化稅制提出具體之建議，以期做為未來研究者之參考。 / This essay focused on the newly enacted anti-thin capitalization regulation in Taiwan and its possible impact on multinational corporations in tax aspect. By studying on cases related to thin capitalization and other possible issues, this essay would like to discover the potential drawbacks and risks in the anti-thin capitalization regulation. This essay comprises five chapters. Summarizes as follows: Chapter 1: To explain motives, structure and methodologies of this research. Chapter 2: First, to introduce the definition of thin-capitalization made by OECD, and to explain the Modigliani-Miller Theory, which was the rationale of Thin Capitalization. Secondly, to collect and analyze the possible tax issues of thin capitalization, and to introduce the legislative conditions of anti-thin capitalization in regulations in main countries. Chapter 3: To briefly introduce the newly enacted anti-thin capitalization regulation. Also, this essay would like to debate on main issues and potential drawbacks in this regulation. Chapter 4: To study on an assumed example and other cases that show the common model of thin-capitalization and possible impacts result from anti-thin capitalization regulation on multinational corporations. In this part, the essay would like to give some suggestions to tax authority and tax payers. Chapter 5: To summarize the main contents from the forenamed chapters, in addition, to cite the potential risks and shortcomings of the anti-thin capitalization regulation.

<p>This thesis deals with the legislative problem of thin and thick capitalization of subsidiary companies situated abroad. This kind of companies are often used for tax planning purposes, as means for transferring company profit from a high tax state to a low tax state. Today, the legislative flora around the world mainly focuses on the question"how low/high can the capitalization level of the company be, before thin/thick capitalization can be considered to be at hand?". Instead, this thesis raises the question"how far from the optimal capitalization rate is a probable capitalization level for a company, and can this be an alternative approach to legislation?". The object of the thesis is to point out possibilities, as well as obstacles, to this approach, but also to show a possible design of a regulation based on the approach. It is discussed whether the uncertainty in determining the optimal capitalization rate overthrows the theory behind the approach, or in fact strengthens it. Several advantages, but also a number of drawbacks, are shown. Hence, the conclusion of the study is neither in favor of, nor against, a regulation founded on the optimal capitalization rate, but rather an invitation to further discussion and calculations.</p>

This thesis deals with the legislative problem of thin and thick capitalization of subsidiary companies situated abroad. This kind of companies are often used for tax planning purposes, as means for transferring company profit from a high tax state to a low tax state. Today, the legislative flora around the world mainly focuses on the question"how low/high can the capitalization level of the company be, before thin/thick capitalization can be considered to be at hand?". Instead, this thesis raises the question"how far from the optimal capitalization rate is a probable capitalization level for a company, and can this be an alternative approach to legislation?". The object of the thesis is to point out possibilities, as well as obstacles, to this approach, but also to show a possible design of a regulation based on the approach. It is discussed whether the uncertainty in determining the optimal capitalization rate overthrows the theory behind the approach, or in fact strengthens it. Several advantages, but also a number of drawbacks, are shown. Hence, the conclusion of the study is neither in favor of, nor against, a regulation founded on the optimal capitalization rate, but rather an invitation to further discussion and calculations.

The graduation theses solves the interrealationsship and the differences between the income trading and the tax base. There are described and practically documented the adjustments that are necessary within the transformation. Of these adjustments there is in more detail described the depreciation of the fixed assets and the adjustments to the trade receivables. There is solved the impact of the error correction in the accounting to the tax base too. The significant part of this theses solves the problem of the thin capitalization. This problem is analysed with the view of the rigor juris in the tax period of 2008,2009 and 2010